nojabaee, S., Ghajar Sepanlou, M., bahmanyar, M. (2017). Concentration of Lead and Chromium in Leaves of Cress and Parsley in Soils Irrigated with Contaminated Water. , 31(2), 181-194. doi: 10.22092/jwra.2017.113162
seyedeh aida nojabaee; Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou; mohammad ali bahmanyar. "Concentration of Lead and Chromium in Leaves of Cress and Parsley in Soils Irrigated with Contaminated Water". , 31, 2, 2017, 181-194. doi: 10.22092/jwra.2017.113162
nojabaee, S., Ghajar Sepanlou, M., bahmanyar, M. (2017). 'Concentration of Lead and Chromium in Leaves of Cress and Parsley in Soils Irrigated with Contaminated Water', , 31(2), pp. 181-194. doi: 10.22092/jwra.2017.113162
nojabaee, S., Ghajar Sepanlou, M., bahmanyar, M. Concentration of Lead and Chromium in Leaves of Cress and Parsley in Soils Irrigated with Contaminated Water. , 2017; 31(2): 181-194. doi: 10.22092/jwra.2017.113162

Concentration of Lead and Chromium in Leaves of Cress and Parsley in Soils Irrigated with Contaminated Water

پژوهش آب در کشاورزی
Article 5, Volume 31, Issue 2, September 2017, Pages 181-194    PDF (540.57 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.22092/jwra.2017.113162
Authors
seyedeh aida nojabaee* 1; Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou2; mohammad ali bahmanyar3
1Former M.Sc. Student, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University.
2Associate Prof., Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University.
3Professor, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University.
Abstract
 
In order to investigate the effect of different amounts of lead and chromium accumulation in soils and vegetables (cress and parsley), an experiment was conducted in pots in the research greenhouse of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, in 2011. The pots had a height of 22 cm and diameter of 28 cm, filled with loamy soil.  The experiment had factorial arrangements based on randomized complete block design with three replications and sixteen treatments. Treatments consisted of four levels of lead in irrigation water (0, 500, 1000, 1500 mg l-1 of lead nitrate source (and four levels of chromium (0, 100, 200, 400 mg l-1 of chromium nitrate source), while treatments were studied as separate and combined. The correlation result showed that the application of different amounts of lead and chromium in water had significant effect on total and available concentration of lead and chromium in the soil. Increasing the amount of lead in irrigation water decreased the amount of chromium in surface soil and increased the amount of total and available lead in cress and parsley soil. Also, with increase in the amount of chromium in irrigation water and decrease in the amount of lead in combined treatments, the amount of total and available chromium increased. The result showed that with increasing the soil contamination by using a solution having 1000 mg l-1 Pb, lead concentration increased in shoot compared to the control and, at higher levels of contamination, lead concentration decreased in root. The reason might be the explained by saying that with increase in roots lead content, most probably, it deposited in root as insoluble compounds and did not transmit to the shoot. However, in the case of chromium, it is immobile due to remaining in the cation exchange sites and its tendency for hydrolysis and absorption.  The chromium bond to hydroxyl groups on the roots cell walls prevents movement of this ionic form to shoots. The highest accumulated lead in vegetables shoot was in 1000 mg l-1 lead treatment and the highest accumulation of chromium in the studied vegetable shoots was in 400 mg l-1 chromium treatment. It is obvious that there are significant health risks in use of polluted water for irrigation of vegetable fields and fruit gardens. Contamination of these products has caused a dilemma that, according to health professionals, is a catastrophe.
Keywords
Health risks; vegetables; Contaminated soils; Lead nitrate; Chromium nitrate
Supplementary Files
References
  1. صیادمنش شیاده،م.، قاجارسپانلو، م .، و م.ع. بهمنیار. 1394. بررسی میزان برخی عناصر سنگین در خاک و گیاه کلزادر مزارع تحت آبیاری با پساب شهرک صنعتی آمل. نشریه پژوهش آب در کشاورزی. شماره 2. 155-141
  2. رستگار، الف.، جنیدی، الف.، فرزادکیا، م.، رضائی، ر.، و الف. اله­آبادی. 1391. بررسی تأثیر کمپوست مواد زائد شهری بر میزان نشت و جذب فلزات سنگین از خاک شنی رسی لومی. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار. شماره 3: 277-286.

3. Achiba, W.B., Gabteni, N., Lakhdar, A., Laing, GD., Verloo, M., and N. Jedidi. 2009. Effects of 5-year application of municipal solid waste compost on the distribution and mobility of heavy metals in a Tunisian calcareous soil. Journal of Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 130:156-63.

4. Adriano, D.C., 2001. Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments; Biochemistry Bioavailability and Risks of Metals. Springer-Verlag. New York

5.  Almeida, A. F.,  Valle, A. A.,  Mielke, M. S., Gomes, F. P., and J. Braz. 2007. Tolerance and prospection of phytoremediator woody species of Cd, Pb, Cu and Cr. Plant Physiology 19: 83-98.

6. Amin, A. W., and F. K. Shenf. 2001. Heavy metals contents in maize affected by sewage sludge application 1- Morphology logic and spatial interpolation. Geoderma. 124: 223-233.

7.  AOAC. 1990. Official Method of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, USA.

8. Ayers, R. S., and D.W. Westcot. 1985. Water Quality for agriculture. FAO, Irrigation and Drainage Paper 29. Review of FAO. 174.

9. Bahemuka, T. E., and E. B. Mubofu. 2004. Heavy metal in edible green vegetable grown along the sites of the sinza and mismbazi rivers in Dares Salaam, Tanzania. Food Chemistry. 66: 63-66.

10. Baker, D. E., and M. C. Amacher. 1982. Nickel, copper, zinc and cadmium. In Methods of soil analysis, eds. A. L. Page, R. H. Miller and D. R. Keeney, 323-336. American Society of Agronomy: Madison, Wisconsin.

11. Burton, K.W., and A. Rogia . 1984. The influence of heavy metal on the growth of sitka- spruce in south wales forests. II greenhouse experiment. Plant Soil. 36: 301-313

12. Chang, A., Page, A., Warneke, J., Resketo, M., and T. Jones.1983. Accumulation of cadmium and zinc in barley grown on sludge-treated soils: a long-term field study. Journal of Environmental Quality. 12:391-7.

13. Chaney, R.L., and J. A. Ryan. 1993. Heavy metal and toxic organic pollutants in MSW- compost: Research results on phytoavail ability, bioavailability, fate, etc. PP 451-506. Renaissance Pub. Worthington, Ohio.

14. Chapman, H.D., and P.F. Paraff. 1961. Method of analysis for soil, Plant & water. University of California, division of agricultural science.

15.Chen, G., Zeng, G., Du, C., Huang, D., Tang, L., Wang, L., and  G. Shen.2010. Transfer of heavy metals from compost to red soil and groundwater under simulated rainfall conditions. Journal of hazardous materials. 181: 211-216.

16. Daud, M. K., Variatha, A., Shafaqat, U., Najeeba, M., Jamilb, Y., Hayat, M., Dawooda, M., Khand, I.,  Zaffar, M., Cheemad, S.A., Tonga, X.H.,  and S. Zhua. 2009. Cadmium induced ultramorphological and physiological changes in leaves of two transgenic cotton cultivars and their wild relative. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 168: 614-625.

17.Foley, B. 2002. Paper mill residuals and compost effects on soil carbon and physical properties. Journal of Envirommental Quality. 31:2086-2095

18. james, L. H. P., Jarvis, S. C., and D. W. Cowling. 1973. Lead uptake from soils by perennial ryegrass and its relation to the supply of an essential element (sulfur). Plant and Soil. 38: 605-619.

19. Jiries, A. G., and F. M. Al Nasir. 2002. Beese. Pesticide and heavy metals residue in wastewater soil and plants in wastewater disposal site near Al- Lajoun Valley, Karak/Jordan. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 133: 97-107.

20. Kabato, P., and A.H. Pendias. 1992. Trace element in soils and plants. 2nd. Edition. 365.

21. Kaschl, A., Römheld, V.,  and Y. Chen.2002. The influence of soluble organic matter from municipal solid waste compost on trace metal leaching in calcareous soils. Science of the Total Environment. 291:45-57.

22. Khan, S., Farooq, R., Shahbaz, S., Khan, M. A., and M. Sadique. 2009. Health Risk Assessment of heavy metals for population via consumption of vegetables. World Application Science Journal. 6:1602-1606.

23. Korboulewsky, N., Dupouyet, S., and G. Bonin. 2002. Environmental risks of applying sewage sludge compost to vineyards: carbon, heavy metals, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation. Journal of Environmental Quality. 31: 1522-1527.

24. Lindsay, W. L., and W. A. Norvell. 1978. Development of a DTPA test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of American Journal. 42: 421-428.

25.Lineham, D. J. 1985. Organic matter and trace metal in soil. Junk publishers Dordecht. 403-422.

26. Maleki, A., Gharibi, F., Alimohammadi, M., Daraei, H., and Y.Zandsalimi. 2014. Concentration levels of heavy metals in irrigation water and vegetables grown in peri-urban areas of Sanandaj, Iran. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research. 1: 81-88.

27. Marry, R., H. Tiller., and M. Alston. 1986. The effects of contamination of soil with Cu, Pb, and Al on the growth and composition of plants. Effects of season, genotype and fertilizer. Plant and Soil. 91:115-128.

28. MCfarlane, G.R., and M.D. Burchett. 2001. Photosynthetic pigments and peroxidase activity as indicators of heavy metal stress in the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 42:233-240.

29. Millis, P.R., Ramsey, M.H., and E.A. John. 2004. Heterogeneity of cadmium concentration in soil as a source of uncertainly in plant uptake and its implication for human health risk assessment. Journal of Science Environ. 326:49-53.

30. Molassiotis, A., Tanouc, G., Diamantidis, G., and A. Patakas. 2005. Effects of 4- month Fe deficiency exposure on Fe reduction mechanism. Photosynthetic gas exchange chlorophyll fluorecence and antioxidant defense in two peach rootstock different in Fe deficiency tolerance. Journal of plant physiology. 25: 843- 860.

31. Morera, M. T., Echeverria, J. C., and J. J. Garrido. 2001. Mobility of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge. Canadian. Journal of Soil Science. 81: 405-414.

32. Moyo, D.Z., and C.Chimbira. 2009. The Effect of single and mixed treatments of lead and cadmium on soil bioavailability and yield of Brassica napus irrigated with sewage effluent: A potential human risk. African Journal of Agriculture Research. 4: 359-364.

33. Nelson, R. E. 1982. Carbonate and gypsum. In Methods of Soil Analysis, eds. A. L Page, R. H. Miller and D. R. Keeney, 181-198. American Society of Agronomy. Madison, Wisconsin.

34. Patkowska, J.M., Hursthouse and A., H. Przybyla. 2005. The interaction of heavy metals with urban soils: sorption behavior of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn with a typical mixed brownfield deposit. Environment International. 31: 513-521.

35. Pérez-Novo, C., Bermúdez-Couso, A., López-Periago, E., Fernández-Calviño, D., and M. Arias-Estévez. 2011. Zinc adsorption in acid soils. Influence of phosphate. Geoderma. 162: 358–364.

36. Philynepsky, j. 1990. Sewage sludge effect on chemical properties soil. Soil Sience, 32: 12-23.

37. Salariya, A. M., Rehman, Z.U., and M. Ashraf. 2002. Effect of polluted water on accumulation of heavy metals in commonly consumed vegetables. Journal Chemical Society Pakistan. 2: 161-165.

38. Samarghandi, M.R., Kari, M.M., and GH.H, Sadri. 2000. A study of hamadas n vegetables heavy metals irrigated with water polluted to these metals, Iran, 1996: 45-53

39. Shanker, A. K., Djanaguiraman, M., Sudhagar, R., Chandrashekar, C. N., and G. Pathmanabhan. 2004. Differential antioxidative response of ascorbate glutathione pathway enzymes and metabolites to chromium speciation stress in green gram roots. Plant Science.  166:1035- 1043.

40. Shuman, L.M., Dudka, S., and K. Das. 2001. Zinc dormes and plant availability in a compost amended soil .Water Air and Soil Pollution  journal. 128: 1-11.

41. Sichrova, K., Tlustos, P., Szakova, J., Korinek, K., and J. Balik. 2004. Horizontal and vertical variability of heavy metals in the soil of a pollued area. Plant Soil Environment, 50: 525-534.

42. Tiwari , K. K., Singh, N.K., Patel, M. P., Tiwari. M. R., and U. N. Rai. 2011. Metal contamination of soil and translocation in vegetables growing under industrial wastewater irrigated agricultural field of Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Ecotocxicology and Environmental Safety. 10: 4-29.

43.Tlustos, P., Balik, J.,  and D. Pavilkova. 2001. Zinc and lead uptake by three crops planted on onsideratio soils treated by sewage sludge. Environmental Pollution, 47: 129-134.

44. Torabian, A., and M, Mahjouri. 2002. Heavy metals uptake by vegetable crops irrigated water in south Tehran. Journal Environ Study. 16:34.

45. Toribio, M.,  and J. Romanya. 2006. Leaching of heavy metals (Cu, Ni and Zn) and organic matter after sewage sludge application to Mediterranean forest soils.Science of the Total Environment. 363 :11-21.

46. Tyler, L.D., and M.B. McBride. 1982. Mobility and extractability of cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc in organic mineral soil columns. Soil Science. 134:198-205.

47. Vajpayee, P., Rai, U.N., Ali, M.B., Tripathi, R.D., Yadav, V., Sinha S., and S.N. Singh. 2001. Chromium-induced physiologic changes in Vallisneria spiralis L. and its role in phytoremediation of tannery effluent. Bulletin Environmental Contamination Toxicolpgy. 67:246-256.

48. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1989. Office of Water Regulations and Standard: Guidance manual for assessing human health risks from chemically contaminated, fish and shellfish U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. EPA-503/8-89-002.

49. Westerman, R.L. 1990. Soil testing and plant analysis. SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

50.Zemanova, V., Trakal, L., Ochecova, P., Szakova, J., and D. Pavlikova. 2014. A Model Experiment: Competitive Sorption of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by Three Different Soils. Soil and Water Research. 9: 97-103.

Statistics
Article View: 804
PDF Download: 1,228


counter
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb