Related Links
The Effect of Cover Crops and Time of Sowing on Weed Population and Corn Yield in Two Minimum and Conventional Tillage Systems | ||
| دانش علفهای هرز ایران | ||
| Article 7, Volume 12, Issue 2, March 2017, Pages 211-220 PDF (393.94 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Article | ||
| Authors | ||
| rasoul fakhari; Ahmad Toube; Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim; mohammad Ali Baghestani; eskanar zand | ||
| Abstract | ||
| In order to study the effect of cover crops and sowing time on weed population and corn yield in minimum an conventional tillage systems, an experiment was conducted in the Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute, Karaj, using Vicia villosa (V), Trifolium resupinatum (T) and Secale cereale (S) as cover crops, plus control (no cover crops, allowing weeds to grow). The cover crops were planted at three different dates of September 23rd, October 7th and October 27thin a corn field. In the first year (2013-2014) early ripening corn (Var. 108) was planted under minimum tillage. In the second year (2014-2015) late ripening corn (Var. 704) was planted under conventional tillage. Results indicated that the first cover plant sowing time was favorable in both years. This was mostly due to nitrogen availability of the soil which resulted in higher grain yield and better weed growth. Under minimum tillage, S reduced weed biomass by 34%. Under conventional tillage system, all the cover crops reduced weed biomass by 53%. Generally, percentage of organic carbon was higher in minimum tillage than in conventional system. S showed highest nitrogen uptake among the three cover crops in both tillage systems. In minimum tillage, the highest corn yield was under S cover crop with 5.304 t/ha. In conventional tillage, the highest corn yield was under T cover crop with 9.298 t/ha. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Minimum Tillage; Organic materials; Rye; Soil nitrogen | ||
| References | ||
|
Allison, J. R., Ott, S. L. 1987. Economics of using legumes as a nitrogen source in conservation tillage systems. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 145-150. Blanco-Canqui, H., Claassen, M. M. and Presley. D. R. 2012. Summer cover crops fix nitrogen, increase crop yield, and improve soil–crop relationships. Agron. J. 104:137–147. Blanco-Canqui, H., Shaver, T. M., Lindquist, J. L., Charles, A., Shapiro, R. W., Elmore, C., Francis, A. and Hergert. G. W. 2015. Cover crops and ecosystem services: insights from studies in temperate soils. agron. J. 107: 449- 2474. Brainard, D., Henshaw, B. and Snapp, S. 2012. Hairy vetch varieties and bi-cultures influence cover crop services in strip-tilled sweet corn. Agron. J. 104: 629–638. Chen, G. and Weil. R.R. 2010. Penetration of cover crop roots through compacted soils. Plant Soil. 331:31–43. Chhokar, R., Sharma, R., Jat, G., Pundir, A. and Gathala, M. 2007. Effect of tillage and herbicides on weeds and productivity of wheat under rice–wheat growing system. Crop Protect. 26: 1689–1696. Dabney, S. M., Buehring, N. W. and Reginelli, D. B. 1991. Mechanical control of legume cover crops. In: W.L. Hargrove (ed.). Cover Crops for Clean Water. Soil Conservation Society of America Ankeny Iowa. Demjanová, M., Macák, I., Ĉaloviü, F. M., Štefan, T., Jozef, S. 2009. Effects of tillage systems and crop rotation on weed density, weed species composition and weed biomass in maize. Agron Res. 7: 785-792. Franke, A., Singh, S., Mc Roberts, N., Nehra, A., Godara, S., Malik, R. and Marshall, G. 2007. Phalaris minor seedbank studies: longevity, seedling emergence and seed production as affected by tillage regime. Weed Res. 47: 73–83. Frye, W.W., Smith, W. G. and Williams. R. J. 1985. Economics of winter cover crops as a source of nitrogen for no-till corn. J. Soil Water Conserv. 40:246–249. Grundy, A., Mead, A. and Burston, S. 2003. Modelling the emergence response of weed seeds to burial depth: Interactions with seed density, weight and shape. J. App. Eco. 40: 757–770. Hashemi, M., Farsad, A., Sadeghpour, A., Weis, S. A. and Herbert, S. J. 2013. Cover-crop seeding-date influence on fall nitrogen recovery. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 176: 69–75. International Soil Reference and Information center (ISRIC), 1986. Procedure for soil analysis, Wageningen Agriculture university. Kaspar, T. C. and Singer J. W. 2011. The use of cover crops to manage soil. In: J.L. Hatfield, and T.J. Sauer, editors, Soil management: Building a stable base for agriculture. Am. Soc. Agron and Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Madison, WI. p. 321–337. Liebman, M. and Mohler, C. L. 2001. Ecological Management of Agricultural Weeds. 210–269. Liebman, M., Mohler, C. L. and Staver, C. P. 2001. Ecological management of agricultural weeds. Cambridge University Press. 532 p. Olson, K., Ebelhar, S. A. and Lang J. M. 2014. Long-term effects of cover crops on crop yields, soil organic carbon stocks and sequestration. Open J. Soil Sci. 4:284–292. Ozpinar, S. 2009. Tillage and cover crop effects on maize yield and soil nitrogen. Bulgarian J of Agric Sci. 15 (6): 533-543. Qamar, I A., Keatinge, J. D. H., Noormohammad, A. and Ajmal Khan, A. M. 1999. Introduction and management of vetch/barley forage mixtures in the rain fed areas of Pakistan forage yield. Australian J. Agri. Res. 50: 1-9. Sadeghpour, A., Gorlitsky, L. E., Hashemi, M., Weis, S. A. and Herbert, S. J. 2014a. Response of switchgrass yield and quality to harvest season and nitrogen fertilizer. Agron. J. 106: 290–296. Sadeghpour, A., Jahanzad, E., Lithourgidis, A. S., Hashemi, M., Esmaeili, A., and Hosseini, M. B. 2014b. Forage yield and quality of barley-annual medic intercrops in semiarid environments. Int. J. Plant Prod. 8: 77–89. Salmerón, M., Cavero, J., Quilez, D., and Isla, R. 2010. Winter cover crops affect monoculture maize yield and nitrogen leaching under irrigated Mediterranean conditions. Agron. J. 102: 1700–1709. Salmerón, M., Isla, R. and Cavero, J. 2011. Effect of winter cover crop species and planting methods on maize yield and N availability under irrigated Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Res. 123: 89–99. Shurley, W. D. 1987. Economics of legume cover crops in corn production. In ‘‘The Role of Legumes in Conservation Tillage Systems,’’ (J. F. Power, ed.). Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 152-153. Stute, J. K. 2000: Cover crop options after corn silage. Proc. Wis. Fert., Aglime and Pest Mgmt. Conf. 39: 419–224. Sullivan, P. 1989. Alternative kill methods for a rye cover crop. Undata. Verhulst, N., Govaerts, B., Verachtert, E., Castellanos-Navarrete A., Mezzalama M., Wall P., Chocobar A., Deckers, J. and Sayre K. 2010. Conservation agriculture, improving soil quality for sustainable production systems. In: Lal, R., Stewart, B.A. (Eds.), Advances in Soil Science: Food Security and Soil Quality. 137–208. Virginia, N., Nele, V., Rachael, C. and Bram G. 2015. Weed dynamics and conservation agriculture principles: A review. Field Crops Res. 183: 56–68. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 864 PDF Download: 771 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb