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The study of joints in Oak wood beam compared to the location of node and anti-node of longitudinal vibration | ||
| تحقیقات علوم چوب و کاغذ ایران | ||
| Article 9, Volume 36, Issue 3 - Serial Number 76, August 2021, Pages 256-263 PDF (730.27 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/ijwpr.2021.352061.1639 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mostafa Kohantorabi1; Amir Hooman Hemmasi* 2; Mohammad Talaei poor3; Mehran Roohnia4; Behzad Baziyar5 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student, Department of Wood and Paper Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Tehran, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Associate Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 5Assistant Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Engeeniring, Faculty of Natural Resourses and Enviroment, Tehran, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| One of the problems of non-destructive tests in the detection of the inhomogeneities in wood and wood products is their location relative to the vibrating node and antinode. Thus, the hidden inhomogeneities located at the vibration node in such materials may not have any effects on the dynamic modulus of elasticity and may not be detectable. In this study, we investigated the development of simple end-to-end joint in oak beams (Quercus castaneifolia) with dimensions of 72×4×2 cm (longitudinal×Radial×Tangential), with blocks removed from the areas of 0.06 and 0.50 cm of the beam length. The blocks were removed from the same beam as the joint was developed. The results indicated that developing a joint in 0.50 cm of the beam length has no significant effect on values obtained from the dynamic modulus of elasticity while creating this joint in 0.06 cm of the beam length has a significant effect on values obtained from the dynamic modulus of elasticity. Also, in both joints, the damping and acoustic converting efficiency values were increased and decreased, respectively. The amount of these changes was more in the area of 0.06 cm of beam length. In general, it can be said that due to the effect of vibrating node and antinode and on the other hand, the location of the joint in both areas, the acoustic conversion efficiency factor is a suitable factor to estimate the location of the joint or the inhomogeneity itself. | ||
Highlights | ||
-Aicher, S., Hafflin, L. and Behrens, W., 2001 .A Study Tension Strength of Finger Joint in Beech Wood Laminations. Otto-Graf-Journal. 12 (1):169-186. -Alberktas, D. and Vobolis, J., 2004 .Modeling and Stady of Glued Panel, Materials Science (medziagotyra). 10(4):370-373. -Ayarkwa, J., Hirashima, Y. and Sasaki, Y., 2000. Predicting modulus of rupture of solid and finger jointed tropical African hardwoods using longitudinal vibration. Forest Products Journal. 51(1): 85-92. -Biechele, T., Chui, Y.H. and Gong, M., 2011. Comparison of NDE techniques for assessing mechanical properties of unjointed and finger-jointed lumber. Holzforschung. 65: 397–401. -Bodig, J. and Jayne, B.A., 1993. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Krieger Pub Co. USA. 736PP. -Brancheriau, L. and Bailleres, H., 2002. Natural vibration analysis of clear wooden beams: A theoretical review. Wood Science and Technology. 36(4): 347-365. -Bucur, V., 2006. Acoustics of Wood. 2nd Ed., Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany. 625pp -Harris, C. M., and Piersol, A. G., 2002. Harris’ Shock and Vibration Handbook. McGraw-Hill. New York. NY. USA. 1456pp. -Hu, Y., Nakao, T., Nakai, J. and Gu, F., 2005. Dynamic properties of three types of wood-based composites. Journal of Wood Science. 5(1): 7-12. -Keunecke, D., Sonderegger, W., Pereteanu, K., Luthi, T., and Niemz, P., 2007. Determination of Young's and Shear Moduli of Common Yew and Norway Spruce by Means of Ultrasonic Waves. Wood Science and Technology. 41(4):309-327. -Kubojima, Y., Suzuki, Y. and Tonosaki, M., 2014. Effect of additional mass on the apparent Young’s Modulus of a wooden bar by longitudinal vibration. BioResources. 9(3): 5088-5098. -Kohantorabi, M., Hossein, M.A., Shahverdi, M. and Roohnia, M., 2015. Vibration based NDT methods to verify wood drying efficiency. Drvna Industrija. 66(3): 221-228. -Kubojima, Y., Suzuki, Y. and Tonosaki, M., 2017. Effect of Additional Mass on the Apparent Young’s Modulus of a Wooden Bar by Longitudinal Vibration. BioResources. 9:(3), 5088-5098. -Kubojima, Y., Inokuchi, Y., Suzuki, Y. and Tonosaki, M., 2009. Shear Modulus of Several kinds of Japanese Bamboo Obtained by Flexural Vibration Test. Journal of Wood Science and technology. 56: 64–70. -Kubojima, Y., Tonosaki, M. and Yoshihara, H., 2005. Effect of additional mass on the Young's Modulus of a wooden beam. Journal of Testing and Evaluation. 33(4): 278-282. -Kohantorabi, M., Hemmasi, A.M., Talaeipour, M., Roohnia, M. and Bazyar, B., 2020. Effect of Artificial Inhomogeneity of Density and Drilling on Dynamic Properties Developed by Poplar Block Species (Populus Nigra) Jointed with oak Wood (Quercus Castaneifolia) Beams. BioResources. 15(3):4711-4726. -Roohnia, M., 2007. NDT-LAB; System to evaluate the mechanical properties of wood, Iranian Patent No. 44032/22-08-1386. -Roohnia, M., Alavi-Tabar, S. E., Hossein, M. A., Brancheriau, L. and Tajdini, A., 2011. Dynamic modulus of elasticity of drilled wooden beams. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation. 26 (2): 141-153. -Roohnia, M., Kohantorabi, M., Jahan-Latibari, A., Tajdini, A. and Ghaznavi, M., 2012. Nondestructive assessment of glued joints in timber applying vibration-based methods, European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 70(6): 791-799. -Roohnia, M., 2019. Wood: Vibration and acoustic properties, in: Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, 19th Ed., Elsevier Inc., Amsterdam, Netherlands, Available online.1-13. -Soltis. L.A. and Ritter, M., 1997. Mechanical Connection in Wood Structures. Journal of Wood Science and technology. 45: 221-226. -Tsoumis, G., 1991. Science and Technology of Wood, Van Nostrand Reinold, 204-207. -Wang, S., Chen, J., Tsai, M., Lin, C. and Yang, T., 2008. Grading of Softwood Lumber Using Non-destructive Techniques. Journal of Material Processing Technology. 208 (1): 149-158.
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| Keywords | ||
| Vibrating nodes; Vibrating antinode; non-destructive test; joint; inhomogeneity; Adhesive | ||
| References | ||
|
-Aicher, S., Hafflin, L. and Behrens, W., 2001 .A Study Tension Strength of Finger Joint in Beech Wood Laminations. Otto-Graf-Journal. 12 (1):169-186.
-Alberktas, D. and Vobolis, J., 2004 .Modeling and Stady of Glued Panel, Materials Science (medziagotyra). 10(4):370-373.
-Ayarkwa, J., Hirashima, Y. and Sasaki, Y., 2000. Predicting modulus of rupture of solid and finger jointed tropical African hardwoods using longitudinal vibration. Forest Products Journal. 51(1): 85-92.
-Biechele, T., Chui, Y.H. and Gong, M., 2011. Comparison of NDE techniques for assessing mechanical properties of unjointed and finger-jointed lumber. Holzforschung. 65: 397–401.
-Bodig, J. and Jayne, B.A., 1993. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Krieger Pub Co. USA. 736PP.
-Brancheriau, L. and Bailleres, H., 2002. Natural vibration analysis of clear wooden beams: A theoretical review. Wood Science and Technology. 36(4): 347-365.
-Bucur, V., 2006. Acoustics of Wood. 2nd Ed., Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany. 625pp
-Harris, C. M., and Piersol, A. G., 2002. Harris’ Shock and Vibration Handbook. McGraw-Hill. New York. NY. USA. 1456pp.
-Hu, Y., Nakao, T., Nakai, J. and Gu, F., 2005. Dynamic properties of three types of wood-based composites. Journal of Wood Science. 5(1): 7-12.
-Keunecke, D., Sonderegger, W., Pereteanu, K., Luthi, T., and Niemz, P., 2007. Determination of Young's and Shear Moduli of Common Yew and Norway Spruce by Means of Ultrasonic Waves. Wood Science and Technology. 41(4):309-327.
-Kubojima, Y., Suzuki, Y. and Tonosaki, M., 2014. Effect of additional mass on the apparent Young’s Modulus of a wooden bar by longitudinal vibration. BioResources. 9(3): 5088-5098.
-Kohantorabi, M., Hossein, M.A., Shahverdi, M. and Roohnia, M., 2015. Vibration based NDT methods to verify wood drying efficiency. Drvna Industrija. 66(3): 221-228.
-Kubojima, Y., Suzuki, Y. and Tonosaki, M., 2017. Effect of Additional Mass on the Apparent Young’s Modulus of a Wooden Bar by Longitudinal Vibration. BioResources. 9:(3), 5088-5098.
-Kubojima, Y., Inokuchi, Y., Suzuki, Y. and Tonosaki, M., 2009. Shear Modulus of Several kinds of Japanese Bamboo Obtained by Flexural Vibration Test. Journal of Wood Science and technology. 56: 64–70.
-Kubojima, Y., Tonosaki, M. and Yoshihara, H., 2005. Effect of additional mass on the Young's Modulus of a wooden beam. Journal of Testing and Evaluation. 33(4): 278-282.
-Kohantorabi, M., Hemmasi, A.M., Talaeipour, M., Roohnia, M. and Bazyar, B., 2020. Effect of Artificial Inhomogeneity of Density and Drilling on Dynamic Properties Developed by Poplar Block Species (Populus Nigra) Jointed with oak Wood (Quercus Castaneifolia) Beams. BioResources. 15(3):4711-4726.
-Roohnia, M., 2007. NDT-LAB; System to evaluate the mechanical properties of wood, Iranian Patent No. 44032/22-08-1386.
-Roohnia, M., Alavi-Tabar, S. E., Hossein, M. A., Brancheriau, L. and Tajdini, A., 2011. Dynamic modulus of elasticity of drilled wooden beams. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation. 26 (2): 141-153.
-Roohnia, M., Kohantorabi, M., Jahan-Latibari, A., Tajdini, A. and Ghaznavi, M., 2012. Nondestructive assessment of glued joints in timber applying vibration-based methods, European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 70(6): 791-799.
-Roohnia, M., 2019. Wood: Vibration and acoustic properties, in: Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, 19th Ed., Elsevier Inc., Amsterdam, Netherlands, Available online.1-13.
-Soltis. L.A. and Ritter, M., 1997. Mechanical Connection in Wood Structures. Journal of Wood Science and technology. 45: 221-226.
-Tsoumis, G., 1991. Science and Technology of Wood, Van Nostrand Reinold, 204-207.
-Wang, S., Chen, J., Tsai, M., Lin, C. and Yang, T., 2008. Grading of Softwood Lumber Using Non-destructive Techniques. Journal of Material Processing Technology. 208 (1): 149-158.
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