Related Links
Quantification of the destruction of structural characteristics in the areas of Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) slash and burn agricultural areas in Zagros ecosystems | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| Article 6, Volume 30, Issue 2 - Serial Number 88, July 2022, Pages 164-179 PDF (473.29 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research article | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/ijfpr.2022.359177.2057 | ||
| Authors | ||
| M. Javanmiri Pour* 1; A. Hassanzadeh2; R. Parvaneh3; Z. Mashayekhi4 | ||
| 1Corresponding Author, Ph.D. in Forest Sciences, Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization, Department of Natural Resources, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| 2Ph.D. in Climatology, Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization, Department of Natural Resources, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| 3M.Sc. Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization, Department of Natural Resources, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| 4Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Faculty of Energy and Environment. Tehran, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Local communities' traditional and dependent livelihood results in many parts of the Zagros ecosystem being slash‐and‐burn agricultural areas. The current study examines the destructive processes of structural components in the slash and burn agriculture in Zagros forests. Quantitative and qualitative factors of all trees were recorded through one-by-one sampling. Quantitative data include species type, a vegetative form (coppice or standard method), diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, large diameter and small diameter of a crown, tree health, and cut and destroyed roots proportion. Violations reports of natural resources were hired during 2001-2021 to calculate the number and volume of removed trees in three sites. Samplings were taken from the diameter at the breast height in the radial direction via an increment borer to detect differences in 2021 compared to 2001. Therefore, the diameter increase was calculated. The calculating results of the canopy area in 2021 and extracting it in 2001 in the Kasehkaran, Avalviar, and Cheshmeh Phan sites showed that the canopy area has decreased from 54686 to 43180, from 15830 to 12762, and from 22232 to 19064 m2, respectively. The distribution diagram of trees frequency in the diameter classes in studied times showed that the frequency of the number of trees in the three studied areas decreased in the second period compared to the first period. The total volume in 2001 was 153, 1174.5, and 565.6 m3, respectively, which in 2021 decreased to 144, 822, and 515 m3 in the Kasehkaran, respectively the Avalviar, and Cheshmeh Pahn. The removed trees in various ways in these areas include 118, 523, and 132, respectively, over 20 years. Comparing the means results using paired t-test with a probability of 99% showed that the difference between the means of volume factor in the two periods for Avalviar and Cheshmeh Pahn and the tree crown area is significant for the studied three habitats. Although the shifting agriculture extent may seem to have remained the same, its structural degradation has occurred over time. Therefore, these areas should be specifically protected by the appropriate agencies in addition to the regular protection measures. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Slash and burn farming; canopy; frequency; density; volume; quality status | ||
| References | ||
|
- Avatfi Hemmat, M., Shamkhi, T., Zubairi, M., Arab, D.R. and Ghazi Tabatabai, M., 2013. Reasons for deforestation: A study of the mental models of natural resource experts and local people using the system dynamics method. Journal of Forests and Wood Products, 66(1): 39-54 (In Persian with English summary). - Bazgir, M., Heidari, M., Zeinali, N. and Kohzadian, M., 2020. The effect of land use change from forest to agriculture and release from agriculture on physical and chemical properties of soil in the Zagros forest ecosystem (Case study: Choghasbez Forest Park, Ilam province). Quarterly Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 22(1): 201-214 (In Persian with English summary). - Castro-Luna, A., Castillo-Campos, G. and Sosa, V., 2011. Effects of selective logging and shifting cultivation on the structure and diversity of a tropical evergreen forest in southeastern Mexico. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 23(1): 17–34. - Dalle, S. P., Pulido, M. T. and de Blois, S., 2011. Balancing shifting cultivation and forest conservation: lessons from a “sustainable landscape” in southeastern Mexico. Ecological Applications, 21(5): 1557–1572. - Gheibi, F., Pirzadian, A. and Movassaghi, M., 2018. Introducing the Joint Action Plan of the Forests, Rangelands and Watershed Management Organization of the country in the management of Zagros Ecologists. Forest and Rangeland Quarterly, (16): 8-19 (In Persian with English summary). - Gogoi, A., Sahoo, U.K. and Saikia, H., 2020. Vegetation and ecosystem carbon recovery following shifting cultivation in Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rainforest eco-region, Southern Asia. Ecological Process, 9 (21): 1-13. - Goudarzian, p., Erfanifard, U. and Sadeghi, H., 2013. Detection and Classification of Available Agroforestry Systems in Fars Province (Case Study: Kazerun City). Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Development, 1(1): 55-70. - Hatami, N, Moayeri. And Heidari, H., 2013. Determining the volumetric growth of forest stands in a series of a forestry project by Dr. Bahramonia, Gorgan. Ecology of Iranian Forests, 1(4): 54-69. - Heidari, M., Hosseini Nasr, S., and Hosseini, S. and Rasaei, A., 2012. Submerged agriculture and forest degradation in Kermanshah province Case study of Kermanshah, Jalalvand district. The First Conference on Sustainable Development of Natural Resources in the West of the Country: Challenges and Solutions. - Henareh Khaliani, J., Makhdoom, M. and Namiranian, M., 2021. Estimating the change in the value of soil and water protection services in Zagros forest ecosystems under tree canopy change scenarios. Iranian Forest and Poplar Research, 29(3): 259-272 (In Persian with English summary). - Javanmiri Pour, M. and Valipour, J., 2021. Characteristics of fires in the Zagros forest ecosystem in Kermanshah province (Case study: forests and rangelands of Gilangharb city), Journal of Plant Ecology, 9 (1): 219-246 (In Persian with English summary). - Jazirehi, M.H. and Ebrahimi Rostaghi, M., 2013. Silviculture in Zagros. University of Tehran Press. 560p (In Persian with English summary). - Kadoya, T., Takeuchi, Y., Shinoda, Y. and Nansai. K., 2022. Shifting agriculture is the dominant driver of forest disturbance in threatened forest species’ ranges. Communications Earth and Environment, 3(1): 1-8. - Kangas, A. and Maltamo, M., 2006. Forest Inventory: Methodology and Applications (Managing Forest Ecosystems). 382 p. - Karimi, H., Karami, Gh. and Mousavi, M.J., 2019. Investigating the characteristics and contexts of forest-agricultural system development. Man and the Environment, 17 (2): 79-90. - Karmian, M., and Mirzaei, J., 2020. The most important factors affecting the drying of Persian oak (Quercus brantii) in Ilam province. Ecology of Iranian Forests, 8(15): 93-103. - Kukla, J., Whitfeld, T., Cajthaml, T., Baldrian, P., Veselá-Šimáčková, H., Novotný, V. and Frouz, J., 2019. The effect of traditional slash-and-burn agriculture on soil organic matter, nutrient content, and microbiota in tropical ecosystems of Papua New Guinea. Land Degradation and Development, 30(2): 166–177. - Li, P., Xiao, C. and Feng, Z., 2021. Swidden agriculture in transition and its roles in tropical forest loss and industrial plantation expansion. Land degradation and Development, 33(2): 388-392. - Marvi Mohajer, M.R. 2013. Silviculture, University of Tehran Press, Fourth Edition. 418p (In Persian with English summary). - Molinario, G,M. Hansen, M.C. and Potapov, P.V., 2015. Forest cover dynamics of shifting cultivation in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a remote sensing-based assessment for 2000–2010. Environmental Research Letters, 10(9): 1-15. - Mukul, A. 2016. Shifting cultivation in the upland secondary forests of the Philippines: Biodiversity and carbon stock assessment, and ecosystem services trade-offs in land-use decisions. A Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The University of Queensland, 191p. - Naseri Karimvand, S., Poursartip, L., Moradi, M. and Susani, J., 2017. Comparing the impact of climate variables on healthy and declined stands of Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in the “Khorram Abad”. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 7(4): 591-600 (In Persian with English summary). - Osada, N., Tateno, R., Mori, A. and Takeda, H., 2004. Changes in Crown Development Patterns and Current-Year Shoot Structure with Light Environment and Tree Height in Fagus crenata (Fagaceae). American Journal of Botany, 91 (12), 1981-1989. - Palik, B., D’Amato, A., Franklin, J. and K. Johnson., 2020. Ecological Silviculture: Foundations and Applications. Waveland Press. 343 p. - Pourmoghaddam, K., 2014. International Biodiversity Conservation Plan in Central Zagros Conservation Area - Guidelines for Sustainable Forest Utilization. Environmental Protection Organization, Deputy Minister of Natural Environment and Biodiversity. 35 p (In Persian with English summary). - Pretzsch, H., 2021. Trees grow modulated by the ecological memory of their past growth. Consequences for monitoring, modeling, and silvicultural treatment. Forest Ecology and Management, 487: 118982. - Vanclay, J. K. 2009. Tree diameter, height and stocking in even-aged forests. Annals of Forest Science, 66(7): 702-702. - Wallenfang, J., Finckh, M., Oldeland, J. and Revermann, R., 2015. Impact of Shifting Cultivation on Dense Tropical Woodlands in Southeast Angola. Tropical Conservation Science, 8(4): 863-892. - Zabihollahi, S., Fathi Zadeh, A., Jamshidi Bakhtar, A., Shabanian, N. and Namiranian, M., 2021. Horizontal and vertical structure of North Zagros forests in relation to traditional forestry (Case study: Havare Khol forests, Baneh city). Ecology of Iranian Forests, 9(17): 74-62. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 473 PDF Download: 294 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb