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کنترل بیولوژیک بیماری بلاست برنج با استفاده از جدایه های بومی Trichoderma در استان مازندران | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 2، شماره 1، خرداد 1393، صفحه 1-15 اصل مقاله (707.73 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2014.100323 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| لاله جوادی1؛ شهرام نعیمی* 2؛ سعید رضایی1؛ وحید خسروی3 | ||
| 1گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی | ||
| 2موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی | ||
| 3موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیماری بلاست (Blast) با عامل Magnaporthe oryzae مهمترین بیماری برنج در جهان میباشد. استفاده از سموم شیمیایی اگر چه باعث کنترل بیماری میگردند، اما آسیبهای جدی متوجه انسان و محیط زیست میکنند. امروزه کنترل بیولوژیک بیماریهای گیاهی به‌عنوان یک روش جایگزین و بیخطر، مورد توجه و تأکید ویژهای قرار گرفته است. در این تحقیق، نمونه‌برداری از خاک شالیزار و اندامهای هوایی برنج در مناطق مختلف استان مازندران انجام شد و جدایه‌های Trichoderma با استفاده از محیط کشت انتخابی McFadden & Sutton’s RB-S-F جداسازی و خالص شدند. 89 جدایه تریکودرما با روش‌های مختلف آزمایشگاهی علیه M. oryzae غربال شدند. در روش کشت متقابل، بیش از 90% جدایه‌های تریکودرما، موجب بازدارندگی رشد پرگنه‌ی قارچ بیمارگر گردیدند. نتایج آزمایش هیپرپارازیتیسم نشان داد که هیفهای تریکودرما به دور هیفهای قارچ بیمارگر هیچ پیچشی نداشتند اما در بعضی موارد، جدا شدن هیفهای بیمارگر از محل دیواره‌ی عرضی مشاهده شد. در بررسی تأثیر متابولیتهای فرار، جدایه‌های تریکودرمای RP3-4 و RP3-2 بیشترین کاهش رشد بیمارگر را به‌میزان 6/66% سبب شدند. عصاره‌ی کشت جدایه‌ی RP7-1 در نسبت 20% تا 74/93% و در نسبت 5% تا 62/90% باعث کاهش رشد بیمارگر شد. براساس نتایج مطالعات آزمایشگاهی، تعداد 16 جدایه تریکودرما برای بررسی اثر آنها در کنترل بیماری بلاست در گلخانه انتخاب شدند. مطابق نتایج به‌دست آمده از آزمونهای گلخانه‌ای، جدایه‌های RP1-6 و RP4-2 به‌ترتیب با 100% و 99% کنترل بیماری، مؤثرترین جدایه‌های تریکودرما در کاهش شدت بیماری بلاست بودند. پس از این جدایه‌ها،RP6-1 T. harzianum و RS7-6 T. virens به‌ترتیب با 98% و 97% درصد کاهش بیماری با قارچ‌کش شیمیایی (کارپروپامید) در یک گروه آماری قرار گرفتند. براساس نتایج ارزیابی جمعیت جدایه‌های مختلف تریکودرما در پایان بررسی گلخانه‌ای، میزان جمعیت جدایه‌ها نسبت‌به جمعیّت اولیه متغیر بوده است. جدایه‌هایRP1-6 T. harzianum وT. atroviride RS4-1، به‌ترتیب بیشترین افزایش و کاهش جمعیّت را نسبت به جمعیّت اولیه به‌کار رفته در گلخانه نشان دادند. ارتباطی بین دینامیک جمعیّت و کنترل بیماری مشاهده نگردید. همچنین، نتایج شناسایی 16 جدایه‌ی تریکودرمای انتخابی با روش‌های مورفولوژیکی و مولکولی نشان داد که 14، 1 و 1 جدایه به‌ترتیب متعلق به گونه‌های T. harzianum، T. virens و T. atroviride بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بیوکنترل؛ برنج؛ بیوسفر؛ گلخانه؛ Magnaporthe oryzae | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Biological control of rice blast disease with native Trichoderma isolates | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Laleh Javadi1؛ Shahram Naeimi2؛ Saeid Rezaei1؛ Vahid Khosravi3 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most important disease of rice worldwide. Although, application of chemical pesticides can control the disease, but they cause harmful effects on environment and human health. Nowadays, biological control is considered as an alternative and safe method in plant disease management. In this study, sampling was done from soils and rice phyllosphere of paddy fields in different regions of Mazandaran province. Trichoderma spp. were isolated following dilution plating method using McFadden & Sutton’s RB-S-F selective medium, and then purified and preserved. Eighty nine Trichoderma Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most important disease of rice worldwide. Although, application of chemical pesticides can control the disease, but they cause harmful effects on environment and human health. Nowadays, biological control is considered as an alternative and safe method in plant disease management. In this study, sampling was done from soils and rice phyllosphere of paddy fields in different regions of Mazandaran province. Trichoderma spp. were isolated following dilution plating method using McFadden & Sutton’s RB-S-F selective medium, and then purified and preserved. Eighty nine Trichoderma isolates were screened against M. oryzae using various methods in vitro. In dual culture test, more than 90% of Trichoderma isolates were antagonistic against pathogen. In hyperparasitism test, no coiling of Trichoderma was observed around the hyphae of M. oryzae. However, some strains caused disintegration of M. oryzae hyphae. Volatile metabolites of RP3-4 and RP3-2 strains were the most effective in inhibiting the growth rate of pathogen by 66.6%. In addition, RP7-1 strain was reduced the growth of pathogen by 93.74% and 90.62% using 20% and 5% of culture filtrate, respectively. Based on the results of in vitro studies, 16 Trichoderma isolates were selected in order to evaluate their potentials in controlling blast disease in greenhouse. According to the results of greenhouse tests, T. harzianum RP1-6 and T.harzianum RP4-2 strains were the most effective isolates in terms of reducing the severity of leaf blast disease by 100% and 99%, respectively. Furthermore, T. harzianum RP6-1 and T. virens RS7-6 with disease reduction of 98% and 97%, respectively placed in same statistical group as chemical fungicides (Carpropamid). Evaluation of population dynamics showed that the populations of Trichoderma isolates were increased or decreased during 17d in greenhouse.T. harzianum RP6-1and T. atroviride RS4-1, showed maximum increase and decrease of opulation, respectively. There was no correlation between the populations and disease control. In addition, 16 selected Trichoderma isolates were identified by morphological and molecular methods and 14, 1 and 1 isolates belonged to T. harzianum, T. virens and T. atroviride, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| biocontrol, rice, Phyllosphere, Greenhouse, Magnaporthe oryzae | ||
| مراجع | ||
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