| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,110 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,666 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 49,822,026 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 80,169,120 |
تاثیر اسانس گیاه رزماری بر قابلیت هضم خوراک و فراسنجه های خونی و شکمبه گوسفندان نژاد قزل | ||
| علوم دامی | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 27، شماره 103، شهریور 1393، صفحه 71-82 اصل مقاله (1.8 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/asj.2014.100462 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محسن صحرایی بلوردی* 1؛ رسول پیرمحمدی2 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
| 2دانشیار، دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این آزمایش به منظور بررسی تاثیر استفاده از اسانس رزماری بر قابلیت هضم خوراک، فرآسنجه های خونی و شکمبه گوسفندان نژاد قزل انجام شد. برای انجام آزمایش از 4 راس گوسفند نر با میانگین وزن 2± 46 کیلوگرم در قالب طرح مربع لاتین 4×4 استفاده شد. تیمارها شامل جیره پایه (شاهد) به علاوه سه جیره حاوی 100، 200 و 400 میلی گرم اسانس رزماری در روز بود. آزمایش در 4 دوره 21 روزه شامل 14 روز به عنوان دوره عادت پذیری و 7 روز نمونه برداری انجام شد. قابلیت هضم خوراک به روش جمع آوری مدفوع تعیین گردید. مایع شکمبه گوسفندان در زمان های صفر ، 2، 4 و 6 ساعت پس از خوراک دهی در روز بیستم نمونه برداری جمع آوری و مقادیر pH، نیتروژن آمونیاکی و کل اسیدهای چرب فرار آن اندازه گیری شد. روز پایانی نمونه برداری در زمان های صفر و 4 ساعت پس از خوراک دهی از سیاهرگ گردنی وداج گوسفندان خون گیری به عمل آمد و میزان گلوکز، اوره، پروتئین کل و کراتینین آنها اندازه گیری گردید. نتایج حاصل از آزمایش نشان داد که دز 100 میلی گرم اسانس در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد و دز 200 میلی گرم اسانس سبب کاهش کل اسیدهای چرب فرار شکمبه شد (05/0<P). غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی مایع شکمبه تیمار شاهد در تمامی زمانهای نمونه برداری بالاتر از تیمار دوم و همچنین تیمار سوم نیز بالاتر از تیمار دوم و چهارم بود (05/0<P). در 4 ساعت پس از مصرف خوراک غلظت کراتینین پلاسما در تیمار شاهد بالاتر از تیمار چهارم بود (05/0<P). به طور کلی نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که دز 200 میلی گرم در روز اسانس رزماری ممکن است تاثیر مثبت بر هضم خوراک و تخمیر شکمبه گوسفندان داشته باشد. هرچند آزمایشات بیشتری در این زمینه باید انجام گیرد. | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oils on Digestibility, Blood and Rumen Parameters of Ghezel Sheep | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Sahraei Belverdy1؛ R. Pirmohammadi2 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This study was conducted to evaluate effects of rosemary essential oils (REO) on feed digestibility, blood and rumen parameters of Ghezel sheep. Four male sheep with average body weight 46±2 kg were used in a 4×4 Latin square design. Treatments composed of Basal diet (control) in addition to diets containing 100 (RO100), 200 (RO200) and 400 (RO400) mg/day of REO. Sheep's fed with 4 diets at 4 periods of 21 days (14 days as adaptation and 7 days for sample collection). Digestibility was determined by fecal collection method. On 20 day of the experimental period, Ruminal liquor samples were taken at 0, 2, 4 and 6 hours after feeding for rumen pH, N-NH3 and total volatile fatty acids measurements. On the last day of each measurement period, Blood samples were taken at 0 and 4 hours after feeding, via jugular vein, and analyzed for glucose, urea, and total protein and creatinine contents. The results showed that Ruminal total volatile fatty acids in RO100 diet were lower than control and RO200 diets (P˂0.05). Ruminal ammonia concentration in control diet was higher than RO100 diet at all sampling times and also RO200 diet was higher than RO100 and RO400 diets (P<0.05). Blood creatinine concentration in control diet was higher than RO400 diet at 4 h after feeding (P<0.05). In conclusion, treatment of 200 mg/day REO may have positive effect on feed digestibility and rumen fermentation of sheep; however more experiments are required in this field. | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
خلیل وندی- بهروزیار، ح.، رضایزدی، ک. و دهقان بنادکی، م. 1390. تاثیر روشهای فراوری علوفه اسپرس بر قابلیت هضم، تجزیه پذیری، فراسنجه های خونی و شکمبه ای گاوهای هلشتاین. مجله پژوهش های علوم دامی. جلد 21، شماره 1، ، صفحه 103-90. دانش مسگران، م.، طهماسبی، ع. و وکیلی، ع. 1387. هضم و سوخت-ساز در نشخوارکنندگان. انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی. 261ص. زرگری، ع. 1369. گیاهان دارویی. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران. جلد 4. 645ص. ساعی- دهکردی، س.، تاجیک، ح.، مرادی، م.، جعفری دهکردی، ا. و قاسمی، س. 1388. بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی و خصوضیات ضد میکروبی روغن فرار گیاه رزماری به تنهایی و در ترکیب با لیزوزیوم، علیه لیستریا مونو سیتوژنز. مجله ارمغان دانش، دوره 14، شماره 3، صفحه 11-1. Anassori, E., Dalir-Naghadeh, B., Pirmohammadi, R., Taghizadeh, A., Asri-Rezaei, S., Maham, M. et al. (2011). Garlic: A potential alternative for monensin as a rumen modifier. Journal of livestock science 142: 276-287.
AOAC, (2000). Official Methods of Analysis, 17th ed. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Bach, A., Calsamiglia, S. and Stern, M.D. (2005). Nitrogen Metabolism in rumen. Journal of Dairy Science. 88: 9-21.
Benchaar, C., Duynisveld, J.L. and Charmley, E. (2006). Effects of monensin and increasing dose levels of a mixture of essential oil compounds on intake, digestion and growth performance of beef cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 86: 91–96.
Benchaar, C., Wang, Y., Chaves, A.V., McAllister, T.A. and Beauchemin, K.A. (2008). Use of plant extracts in ruminant nutrition. In: Acharya, S.N., Thomas, J.E. (Eds.), Advanced in Medicinal Plant.
Bicchi, C., Binello, A. and Rubiolo, P. (2000). Determination of phenolic diterpene antioxidants in rosemary (R. officinalis L.) with different methods of extraction and analysis. Phyrtochemical Analysis. 11: 236–242.
Bozin, B., Mimica-Dukic, N., Samojlik, I. and Jovin, E. )2007. (Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of rosemary and sage (Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis ., Lamiaceae) essential oils. Journal of Agriculture and Food chemistry. 55:7879-7885.
Busquet, M., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A. and Kamel, C. (2005a). Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts and secondary plant metabolites on rumen microbial fermentation in continuous culture. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology. 123: 597-613.
Busquet, M., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., Cardozo, P.W. and Kamel, C. (2005b). Effects of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on rumen microbial fermentation in a dual flow continuous culture. Journal of Dairy Science. 88:2508-2516.
Calsamiglia, S., Busquet, M., Cardozo, P.W., Castillejos, L., Ferret, A. and Fandino, I. (2007). The use of essential oils in ruminants as modifier of rumen microbial fermentation. In: Proc. Penn State Dairy Cattle Nutrition Workshop, Grantville, PA, pp. 87–100.
Cardozo, P.W., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A. and Kamel, C. (2004). Efeects of natural plant extracts on ruminal protein degradation and fermentation profiles in continuous culture. Journal of Animal Science, 82: 3230-3236.
Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia, S., Martin-Tereso, J. and Ter Wijlen, H. )2008(. In vitro evaluation of effects of ten essential oils at three doses on ruminal fermentation of high concentrate feed lot-type diets. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology. 145: 259-270.
Chaves, A.V., Stanford, B. K., Gibsond, L.L., McAllister, T.A. and Benchaar, C. (2008). Effects of Carvacrol and Cinnamaldehyde on intake, rumen fermentation, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 145: 396-408.
Chiofalo, V., Liotta, L., Fiumano, R., Riolo, E. B. and Chiofalo, B. (2011). Influence of dietary supplementation of rosmarinus officinalis L. on performances of dairy ewes organically managed. Journal of Small Ruminant Research. 104: 122-128.
Conner, D.E.( 1993). Naturally occurring compounds. In: Davidson, P.M., Branen, A.L. (Eds.), Antimicrobials in Foods. Dekker, New York, 441–468.
Cowan,M. M.(1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Journal of Microbiological Reviews. 12: 564-582.
Dean, S.G. and Ritchie, G. (1987). Antibacterial properties of plant essential oils. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 5: 165– 180.
Djenane, D., Sanchez-Escalante, A., Beltran, J.A. and Roncales, P. (2002). Ability of a-tocopherol, taurine and rosemary, in combination with vitamin C to increase the oxidative stability of beef steaks displayed in modified atomosphere. Journal of Food Chemistry. 76: 407-415.
Domokos, J., Hethely, E., Palinkas, J., Szirmai, S. and Tulok, M.H.(1997). Essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) of Hungarian origin. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 9: 41–50.
Dorman, H.J.D. and Deans, S.G. ( 2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 88: 308–316.
European Commission. (2003). Recommends of European Parliament Council on Additives for Use in Animal Nutrition. Journal of European Union Law, 268-29. L, 268-43.
FAO/OIE/WHO. (2004). Second join FAO/OIE/WHO expert work shop on non-human antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance: management options. Oslo, Norway, 75-79.
Fraser, G.R., Chaves, A.V., Wang,Y., McAlister,T.A., Beauchemin, K.A. and Benchaar, C. (2007). Assessment of the effects of cinnamon leaf oil on rumen microbial fermentation using two continuous culture systems. Journal of Dairy Science. 90:2315-2328.
Ghazalah, A.A. and Ali, A. M. (2008). Rosemary leaves as a dietary supplement for growth in broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science 7: 234-239.
Greathead, H. (2003). Plants and plant extracts for improving animal productivity. Journal of Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 62: 279–290.
Harfoot, C.G. and Hazlewood, G.P. (1988). Lipid metabolism in the rumen. In: Hobson, P.N. (Ed.), The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London, UK. 285–322.
Hikon, O., Sakai, T., Jones, M. B. and Longhurst. W.M. (1967). Effect of Various Essential Oils Isolated from Douglas Fir Needles upon Sheep and Deer Rumen Microbial Activity. Applied Microbiology. 15: 777-784.
Ipharraguerre, I. R., Reynal, S. M., Lineiro, M., Broderick, G. A. and Clark, J. H.(2007 ). A Comparison of Sampling Sites, Digesta and Microbial Markers, and Microbial References for Assessing the Postruminal Supply of Nutrients in Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 90:1904–1919.
McDonald, P., Edwards, R.A., Greenhalgh, J. F. D. and Morgan, C. A. Animal Nutrition (1995). Fifth Edition. Longman publication.
McIntosh, F.M., Newbold, C.J., Losa, R., Williams, P. and Wallace, R.J.( 2000). Effects of essential oils on rumen fermentation. Reproduction Nutrition Development. 40: 221–222 (abstract).
McIntosh, F.M., Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R.J., Beever, D.A and Newbold, C.J. (2003). Effects of essential oils on ruminal microorganisms and their protein metabolism. Applied Environmental Microbiology. 69: 5011–5014.
Monino, M.I., Martinez, C., Sotomayor, J.A., Lafuente, A. and Jordan, M.J. (2008). Polyphenolic transmission to segureno lamb meat from ewes dietary supplemented with the distillate from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56:3363-3367.
National Research Council, )1985(. Nutrient Requirements of Sheep. National Academic Press, Washington, DC, Sixth reved.
Nevel, C.J. and Demeyer, D.I. (1988). Manipulation of rumen fermentation. Journal of Microbial Ecology.154: 387–447.
Nieto, G., Diaz, P., Banon, S., Garrido, M.D. (2010). Dietary administration of ewe diets with a distillate from rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Influence on lamb meat quality. Journal of Meat Science. 84: 23-29.
Ottenstein, D. M. and Bartley, D.A. (1971). Improved gas chromatography separation of free acids C2-C5 in dilute solution. Annual Chemistry. 43: 952–955.
Peter, K.V.(2004). Handbook of Herbs and Spices. 2nd ed. CRC Press LLC: USA; 360 .
Pintore, G., Usai, M., Bradesi, P., Julino, C., Boatto,T. F., Chessa, M. et al. (2002). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of R. officinalis L. oils from Sardinia and Corsica. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 17: 9-15.
Pokorny, J., Rebolva, Z., Janitz, W. (1998). Extracts from rosemary and sage as natural antioxidants for fats and oils. Czech Journal of Food Sciences. 16: 227–234.
Polat, U., Yesilbag, D. and Mustafa, E. (2011). Serum Biochemical Profile of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Rosemary and rosemary volatile oil. Journal of Biology and Environmental Science. 5: 23-30.
Reynal, S. M., Ipharraguerre, I.R., Liñeiro, M., Brito, A. F., Broderick, G. A and Clark, J.H. ( 2007). Omasal flow of soluble proteins, peptides, and free amino acids in dairy cows fed diets supplemented with proteins of varying ruminal degaradabilities. Journal of Dairy Science. 90:1887-1903.
Russell, J.B., Strobel, H.J. and Chen, G. (1988). Enrichment and isolation of a ruminal bacterium with a very high specific activity of ammonia production.. Environmental Microbiology. 54: 872–877.
SAS Institute. (2002). SAS Users Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
Satter, L. D. and Slyter, L. L. (1974). Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro. British Journal of Nutrition. 32:199 – 208.
Smith, F.E. and Murphy, T.A. (1993). Analysis of Rumen Ammonia and Blood urea Nitrogen. www.liferaydemo.unl.edu.
Tasouka, N., Hara, K., Katsushiko, M., Kasimoto, H. and Itabash, H. (2008). Effects of the essential oil cyclodextrin complexes on ruminal methane production in vitro. Journal of Animal Science. 79: 68-75.
Ultee, A., Kets, E.P.W. and Smid, E.J. (1999). Mechanisms of action of carvacrol on the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 65: 4606–4610.
Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch carbohydrates in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science. 74: 3583–3597.
Wallace, R.J.( 2004). Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites. Journal of Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 63: 621–629. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,366 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,326 |
||