Ali, M., Ali, L., Waqar, M. Q. and Ali, M. A. 2012. Bed planting: a new crop establishment method for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in cotton-wheat cropping system of southern Punjab. Int. J. Agric. Appl. Sci. 4, 8-14.

Amin, H., Jamali, M., Khoogar, Z., Dastfal, M. and Solhjou, A. A. 2004. Principles of planting, crop management and harvest of irrigated wheat. Agricultural Research and Education Organization. Educational Technology Services Bureau. (in Farsi)

Anon. 1995. Soil Cone Penetrometer. ASAE standard S313.2. Agricultural Engineering Year Book. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Michigan.

Badaruddin, M., Reynolds, M. P. and Ageeb, O. A. A. 1999. Wheat management in warm environments: effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers, irrigation frequency, and mulching. Agron. J. 91, 975-983.

Bukhari, S., Bhutto, M. A., Baloch, J. M. and Mirani, A. N. 1988. Performance of selected tillage implements. Agric. Mech. Asia Africa Latin America (A. M. A.). 19(4): 9-14.

Cannell, R. Q. and Hawes, J. D. 1994. Trends in tillage practices in relation to sustainable crop production with special reference to temperate climates. Soil Till. Res. 30, 245-282.

Chaudhuri, D. 2001. Performance evaluation of various types of furrow openers on seed drills-a review. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 79, 125-137.

Fahong, W., Xuqing, W. and Sayre, K. 2004. Comparison of conventional, flood irrigation, flat planting with furrow irrigated, raised bed planting for winter wheat in China. Field Crop Res. 87, 35-42.

Godwin, J. R. 1990. Agricultural Engineering in Development: Tillage for Crop Production Areas of Low Rainfall. FAO Agricultural Servies Bulletin 83. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Rome.

Guerif, J., Richard, G., Durr, C., Machet, J. M., Recous, S. and Roger-Estrade, J. 2001. A review of tillage effects on crop residue management, seedbed conditions and seeding establishment. Soil Till. Res. 61, 13-32.

Heidari, A. 2004. The effect of crop residue management and tillage depth on wheat yield and soil organic matter in corn-wheat rotation. Iranian J. Agric. Eng. Res. 5, 81-94. (in Farsi)

Hemmat, A. 1996. Effects of seedbed preparation and planting methods on emergence of irrigated winter wheat. Iranian J. Agric. Sci. 27, 55-67. (in Farsi)

Jones, J. N., Moody, J. R. and Lillard, J. H. 1969. Effect of tillage, no tillage and mulch on soil water and plant growth. Agron. J. 61, 719-721.

Karrou, M., Oweis, T., Enein, R. A. E. and Sherif, M. 2012. Yield and water productivity of maize and wheat under deficit and raised bed irrigation practices in Egypt. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 7, 1755-1760.

Kumar, P., Bangarwa, A. S. and Pannu, R. K. 1995. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen application on yield and yield attributes of Brassica genotypes. Ann. Biol. (Ludhiana). 11, 215-219.

Limon-Ortega, A., Sayre, K. D. and Francis, C. A. 2000. Wheat and maize yields in response to straw management and nitrogen under a bed planting system. Agron. J. 92, 295-302.

Limon-Ortega, A., Sayre, K. D. and Drijber, R. A. 2002. Soil attributes in a furrow- irrigated bed planting system in northwest Mexico. Soil Till. Res. 63, 123-132.

Mukergi, N. and Uerma, B. L. 1994. Effect of time lay of first post-sowing irrigation on yield and technological quantities of solid and legume inter-cropped cotton. Madras Agric. J. 81, 338-340.

Parsch, L. D., Keisling, T. C., Sauer, P. A., Oliver, L. R. and Crabtree, N. S. 2001. Economic analysis of conservation and conventional tillage cropping systems on clayey soil in eastern Arkansas. Agron. J. 93, 1296-1304.

Perumpral, J. V. 1987. Cone penetrometer applications: a review. T. ASAE. 30(4): 939-944.

Ram, H., Singh, Y., Salini, K. S. and Kler, D. S. 2012. Agronomic and economic evaluation of permanent raised beds, no tillage and straw mulching for an irrigated maize-wheat system in northwest India. Expl. Agric. 48, 21-38.

Sayre, K. D. 2000. Effect of tillage, crop residue retention and nitrogen management on the performance of bed- planted, furrow irrigated spring wheat in northwest Mexico. Proceeding of the 15^th Conference of the International Soil Tillage Research Organization. July 2-7. Texas. USA.

Solhjou, A. A. 2003. Raised bed planting for irrigated wheat production systems. Technical Report. Iranian Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. (in Farsi)

Solhjou, A. A. 2007. The effect of tillage and planting methods in raised bed planting system on irrigated wheat. Research Report. No. 1103. Iranian Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. (in Farsi)

Solhjou, A. A. and Loghavi, M. 2000. Optimum moisture content for determination of cone index, with cone penetrometer. Iranian J. Agric. Eng. Res. 17, 43-50. (in Farsi)

Solhjou, A. A. and Niazi. J. 2001. Effect of subsoiling on soil physical properties and irrigation wheat yield. Iranian J. Agric. Eng. Res. 7, 65-78. (in Farsi)

Solhjou, A. A., Loghavi, M., Ahmadi, H. and Roozbeh, M. 2001. The effect of moisture content and plowing depth on soil pulverization and reduction of secondary tillage. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 6, 1-12.

Staricka, J. A., Allmaras, R. R. and Nelson W. W. 1991. Spatial variation of crop residue incorporated by tillage. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55, 1668-1674.

Unger, P. W. 1978. Straw-mulch rate effect on soil water storage and sorghum yield. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42, 486-491.

Wang, F., Kong, L., Sayre, K., Li, S., Si, J., Feng, B. and Zhang, B. 2011. Morphological and yield responses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to raised bed planting in northern China. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 6, 2991-2997.

Yoo, K. H., Dane, J. H. and Missildine, B. 1989. Soil water content and crop yield under conservation tillage. Annual Report. Alabama Agriculture Experiment Station. Auburn University.