| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,081 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,377 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 48,005,555 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 78,922,660 |
بررسی کارآیی Pythium oligandrum درکنترل بیولوژیک Rhizoctonia solani عامل بیماری مرگ گیاهچه‌ی چغندرقند در شرایط گلخانه | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 3، شماره 1، خرداد 1394، صفحه 57-71 اصل مقاله (564.13 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2015.103002 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فریبرز فرخی1؛ محمد حاجیان شهری* 2؛ محمد سالاری3؛ حمید روحانی4 | ||
| 1گروه گیاه‌پزشکی دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل | ||
| 2عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات خراسان رضوی و رییس سازمان نظام مهندسی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی | ||
| 3هیات علمی دانشگاه زابل | ||
| 4هیات علمی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چغندرقند، در ایران یکی از مهم‌ترین محصولات زراعی به‌شمار می‌آید و بیماری مرگ گیاهچه، پوسیدگی ریشه و سوختگی برگ ناشی از Rhizotonia solani یکی از مهم‌ترین علل کاهش عملکرد آن می‌باشد. ازآنجایی که استفاده از روش شیمیایی در کنترل آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی موجب بروز مشکلات زیست محیطی عدیده‌ای می‌شود، لذا در این تحقیق، از شش جدایه‌ی Pythium oligandrum به‌دست آمده از خاک مزارع چغندرقند استان خراسان رضوی که در شرایط آزمایشگاه دامنه‌ی میانگین بازدارندگی‌شان از رشد R. solani 09/32 تا 36/71 درصد بود، استفاده شد و کارآیی آن‌ها در کنترل بیولوژیک بیماری مرگ گیاهچه‌ی ناشی از R. solaniدرگلخانه با شرایط متفاوت (روش‌ها و زمان‌های مختلف کاربرد آنتاگونیست در خاک سترون و غیرسترون) بررسی گردید. این تحقیق به‌صورت 5 آزمایش جداگانه و هر یک در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تا 6 تیمار بر حسب آزمایش و 4 تکرار انجام گرفت. نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان داد که در میان جدایه‌های مختلف آنتاگونیست، جدایه‌ی تربت جام بیشترین تأثیر را درکنترل بیماری مرگ گیاهچه داشته است. افزودن زادمایه P. oligandrum یک هفته قبل از R. solani به‌خاک، علاوه برافزایش میزان جوانه‌زنی بذر چغندرقند نسبت به شاهدآلوده، بیماری مرگ گیاهچه را نیز به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 66 و36 درصد در خاک سترون و غیرسترون کاهش داد. همچنین، در شرایط خاک سترون و غیرسترون، تیمار بذری متأثر از P. oligandrum در مقایسه با شاهد، به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 64 و43 درصد، وقوع بیماری مرگ گیاهچه را کاهش داد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| چغندرقند؛ مرگ گیاهچه؛ پیتیوم؛ رایزوکتونیا | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The efficacy of Pythium oligandrum in the biological control of Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of sugar beet damping-off under greenhouse conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fariborz Farrokhi1؛ Mohammad Hajian Shahri2؛ Mohammad Salari3؛ Hamid Rouhani4 | ||
| 1Departemant of Plant Protection, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Sugar beet is one of the most important crops in Iran. Damping-off, root rot and leaf blight diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn) rank first in sugar beet yield reduction. Since soilborne fungi chemical control have ecological consecutions, therefore in this study, six strains of Pythium oligandrum were isolated from sugar beet fields soil in Khorasan Razavi province to be used as biological control agents. These isolates have already shown 32.09-71.36inhibitory effect on R. solani under laboratory conditions. Selected isolates were evaluated using pasteurized and non-pasteurized soil under greenhouse conditions, by adding antagonistic fungi to the soil and seed coating with oospore (seed treatment) methods. This study was consisted of five separate experiments with five to six treatments each with four replicates. All experimrnts were conducted in a randomized complete block desgin. The results showed that among the antagonists Torbat-jam isolate had the most reducing effects on sugar beet damping-off disease. Adding P. oligandrum inoculum to the soil containing R. solani increased sugarbeet seed germination compared to the control and reduced the damping-off disease in both pasteurized and non-pasteurized soil by 66% and 36% respectively. Sugarbeet seed coating by oospores of P. oligandrum increased sugarbeet seed germination while reduced damping-off disease in both pasteurized and non-pasteurized soil by 64 and 43% respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| sugar beet, damping-off, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium oligandrum | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Baird, R.E., Bell, D.K., Sumner, D.R., Mullinix, B.G. & Culbreath, A.K. 1993. Survival of Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 in residual peanut shells in soil. Plant Disease, 77: 973-975.
Behboodi, K., Sharifi-Tehrani, A., Hedjarood, G. & Zaad, J. 2005. Antagonistic effects of Trichoderma species on Phytophthora capsici, the causal agent of pepper root and crown rot. Iranian journal of Plant Pathology, 41: 345-362. (In Persian with English summary).
Benhamou, N., Rey, P., Picard, K. & Tirilly, Y., 1999. Ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of the interaction between the mycoparasite, Pythium oligandrum, and soilborne pathogens. Phytopathology, 89: 506–517.
Benson, D.M, & Baker, R. 1974. Epidemiology of Rhizoctonia solani pre emergence damping-off of radish. Phytopathology, 64: 1163-1168.
Brozova, J. 2002. Expolitation the mycoparasitic fungus Pythium oligandrum in plant protection. Plant Protection Science, 1: 29-35.
Bytler, E.E. 1980. A method for long-time culture storage of Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology, 70: 820-821.
Chang, T. 1993. Investigation and pathogenicity tests of Pythium species from rhizospher of Cinnamomum osmophiloeum. Plant Pathology, 2: 66-70.
Deacon, J.W. 1976. Studies on Pythium oligandrum, an aggressive parasite of otherfungi. TransactionBritish Mycological Society, 66: 383-391.
Dick, M.W. 1990. Keys to Pythium. White knights: College of Estate Management. White knights, Reading, RG6 2AW, 64 pp.
Elad, Y., Chet, I. & Katan, J. 1980. Trichoderma harzianum: A biocontrol agent effective against Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology, 70: 119-121.
Farrokhi, F., Hajian-Shahri, M., Salari, M. & Rouhani, H. 2014. Evaluation of some antagonistic aspects of Pythium oligandrum (Dresch) for biological control of Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn) causal agent of sugar beet damping-off in laboratory, Quarterly Journal of Research in Plant Pathology. (In Press) (In Persian with English summary).
Fletcher, J.T., Smewin, B.J. & O’Brien, A. 1990. Pythium oligandrum associated with a cropping disorder of Agaricus bisporus. Plant Pathology, 39: 603–605.
Foley, M.F. & Deacon, J.W. 1986. Susceptibility of Pythium spp. and other fungi to antagonism by the mycoparasite Pythium oligandrum. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 18: 91–95.
Gerbore, J., Benhamou, N., Vallance, J., Le Floch, G., Grizard, D., Regnault-Roger, C. & Rey, P. 2013. Biological control of plant pathogens: advantages and limitations seen through the case study of Pythium oligandrum. Environmental Science Pollution Research, 1: 1-16.
Gray, F.A. & Geric, J.S. 1998. Biology and management of sugar beet diseases in the Bighorn and Wind River Basin of Wyoming: College of agricultural.University of Wyoming Press, Wyoming.
Harman, G.E., Chet, I. & Baker, R. 2000. Trichoderma hamatum effects on seed and seedling disease induced in radish and pea by Pythium spp or Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology, 70: 1167-1172.
He, S.S., Zhang, B. X. & Ge, Q.X. 1992. On the antagonism by hyperparasite Pythium oligandrum. Acta Phytopathologica, 22: 77-82.
Howell, C.R. & Stipanovic, R.D. 1995. Mechanisms in the damping off in cress and sugarbeet by commercial seed-coating by Gliocladium virens: antibiosis. Phytopathology, 85: 469–472.
Jacobsen, B.J., Bergman, J. & Eckhoff, J. 1999. Control of Rhizoctonia crown and root rot of sugarbeet with fungicides and antagonistic bacteria. Sugar Beet Research Extension Expreimental, 29: 278-280.
Kuninaga, S., Yokosawa, R. & Ogoshi, A. 1979. Some Properties of anastomosis group 6 and BI in Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Annual Phytopathology Society Japan, 45: 207-217.
Letschert, J.P. 1994. Taxonomy of Beta section Beta. Journal of Sugar Beet Research, 31: 69-85.
Lutchmeah, R.S. & Cooke, R.C. 1985. Pelleting of seed with the antagonist Pythium oligandrum for biological control of damping-off. Plant Pathology, 34: 528-531.
Martin, F.N. 1992. The genus Pythium. pp. 39–49. In: Singleton, J. D. Mihail & C. M. Rush, (eds.), Methods for Research on Soil Borne Phytopathogenic Fungi. APS Press, St Paul, MN.
Martin, F.N. & Hancock, J.G. 1987. The use of Pythium oligandrum for biological control of damping-off caused by P. ultimum. Phytopathology, 77: 1013-1020.
McQuilken, M.P., Whipps, J.M. & Cooke, R.C. 1990. Control of damping off in cress and sugar-beet by commercial seed-coating with Pythium oligandrum. Plant Pathology, 39: 452–462.
Momeni, j., Falahati-Rastegar, M. & Jafarpour, B. 2004. Evaluation of DNA polymorphism anastomosis group of Rhizoctonia solani in sugarbeet by using RAPD-pcr in Khorasan. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 4: 9-15 (In Persian with English summary)
Papavizes, G.C., & Davey, C.B. 1962. Isolation and pathognicity of Rhizoctonia aprophytically exiting in soil. Pythopothology, 52: 834-840.
Plaats-Nitherink, A.J. 1981. Monograph of the genus Pythium. Studies in Mycology, 21: 1-242.
Rahnama, K. & Cooke, R.C. 1998. Evaluation of mycoparasitism effect on oospore and sporangia of P. ultimum by P. oligandrum. Proceeding of the 13th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 23-27 August. Karaj-Iran, p. 302.
Shahiri-Tabarestani, M., Falahati-Rastegar, M., Jafarpour, B. & Rohani, M. 2005. Investigation on biological control of sugarbeet damping-off disease by some isolates of Trichoderma harizanum Rafai. Journal of Sugarbeet, 21: 57 -75 (In Persian with English summary).
Sneh, B., Burpee, L. & Ogoshi, A. 1991. Identification of Rhizoctonia Species. APS Press, St Paul, MN.
Takenaka, S., Nishio, Z. & Nakamura, Y. 2003. Induction of defense reactions in sugarbeet and wheat by treatment with cell wall protein fractions from the mycoparasite Pythium oligandrum. Phytopathology, 10: 1028-1032.
Takenaka, S., Sekiguchi, H., Nakaho, K., Tojo, M., Masunaka, A. & Takahashi, H. 2008. Colonization of Pythium oligandrum in the tomato rhizosphere for biological control of bacterial wilt disease analyzed by real-time PCR and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Phytopathology, 98: 187-195.
Truter, M. 2005. Etiology and alternative control of potato rhizoctoniasis in south Africa. M.Sc. thesis. Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology. Univercity of Pretoria.
Vallance, J., Le Floch, G., Levesque, C.A., Deniel, F., Rey, P. & Barbier, G. 2009. Influence of Pythium oligandrum biocontrol on fungal and oomycete population dynamics in the rhizosphere. Appplied and Environmental Microbiology, 14: 4790–4800.
Vesely, D. 1978. Parasitic relationships between Pythium oligandrum and some other species of the oomycetes class. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, 133: 341-349.
Vesely, D. & Koubova, D. 1993. The effect of Pythium oligandrum on the health condition of winter wheat roots. Ochrana Rostlin, 29: 193-202.
Vilgalys, R. 1988. Genetic Relatedness among anastomosis groups in Rhizoctonia as measured by DNA/DNA hybridization. Phytopathology, 78: 698-702.
Whipps, J.M., McQuilken, M.P. & Budge, S.P. 1993. Use of fungal antagonist for biocontrol of damping-off and sclerotiana disease. Pesticide Science, 37: 307-319.
Windels, C.E. & Brantner, J.R. 2000. Band and broadcast-applied quadrics for control of Rhizoctonia on sugar beet. Journal of Sugarbeet Research, 30: 266-270. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,740 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,109 |
||