| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,006 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,642 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,578,956 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 31,680,513 |
نوسان های بین پایه ای و سالانه تولید بذر برودار (Quercus brantii Lindl.) در جنگل داربادام کرمانشاه | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 23، شماره 2، تیر 1394، صفحه 246-255 اصل مقاله (282.27 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2015.103009 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی پورهاشمی* 1؛ مرتضی پوررضا2؛ یحیی خداکرمی3؛ پریسا پناهی4 | ||
| 1دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه | ||
| 3دکترای جنگلداری، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه | ||
| 4استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تولید بذر در جنس بلوط بین پایه های مختلف و همچنین در سال های مختلف نوسان های زیادی دارد. در این پژوهش نوسان های بین پایه ای و سالانه تولید بذر برودار (Quercus brantii Lindl.) در جنگل پژوهشی داربادام استان کرمانشاه به مدت سه سال (1388 تا 1390) پایش شد. چهل درخت نمونه با استفاده از روش نمونه برداری تصادفی با مونهبندی انتخاب و متغیرهای کمی آنها اندازه گیری شد. در ابتدای شهریورماه با استفاده از روش شمارش تاجی، شمار بذر آنها مشخص شد و برای انجام مقایسات مربوط به تولید بذر، متغیر تراکم بذر (شمار بذر در یک مترمربع سطح تاج) نیز محاسبه شد. تحلیل آماری داده ها بیانگر نوسان های زیاد تولید بذر بین درختان مختلف و همچنین بین سه سال مورد مطالعه بود. درحالیکه در یک سال مشخص برخی درختان اصلاً بذری تولید نکرده بودند، برخی پایه ها تراکم بذری بیشتر از 40 داشتند. نامناسبترین شرایط بذردهی مربوط به سال 1388 (میانگین تراکم بذر 1/6) بود. بهترین بذردهی (میانگین تراکم بذر 10/7) نیز در سال 1389 اتفاق افتاد. در سال های 1388 و 1390 ازنظر میانگین تراکم بذر بین طبقه های قطری مختلف درختان برودار، اختلاف معنی داری وجود نداشت، اما در سال 1389 اختلاف در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد معنی دار بود. مقایسه میانگین تراکم بذر طبقه های قطری مشابه بین سه سال نیز نشان داد که فقط در طبقه های قطری میانی اختلاف معنی دار در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد وجود دارد. درمجموع، نتایج پژوهش پیش رو تأثیرگذاری سرشت ذاتی گونه و همچنین زمان (سال بذردهی) را بر تولید بذر گونه برودار تأیید کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بذر بلوط؛ تراکم بذر؛ شمار بذر؛ شمارش تاجی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Individual and annual variation in acorn production of Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in Darbadam Forest of Kermanshah Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mehdi Pourhashemi1؛ Morteza Pourreza2؛ Yahya Khodakarami3؛ Parisa Panahi4 | ||
| 1Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Prof., College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| 3Ph.D. Forestry, Research Division of Natural Resources, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| 4Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Production of tree seeds is associated with considerable variations within individuals and among years. In this study, individual and annual variation in acorn production of Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) was studied in Darbadam Forest, Kermanshah province during 2009-2011. A number of 40 sample trees were selected by stratified random sampling method, followed by measurement of their quantitative variables. Prior to acorn fall in early September, the number of acorns per tree was determined by crown count method. In addition, acorn density (acorn number/m2 crown area) was calculated to compare the potential of acorn production. The result showed great variability within individuals and among years. Some sample trees had no acorns; meanwhile acorn density was more than 40 in some trees. The weakest and the best acorn production were observed in 2009 (mean acorn density= 1.6) and 2010 (mean acorn density=10.7), respectively. The last year of study (2011) showed a moderate condition. Significant differences (P<0.05) were solely observed between acorn density of different diameter classes in 2010. Furthermore, the differences in acorn density amongst trees in similar diameter classes among years were only significant (P<0.01) for medium diameter classes. In conclusion, the results confirmed the effect of inherent tree species capability and the seeding year on acorn production of Brant`s oaks. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Acorn, acorn density, acorn number, crown count | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Abrahamson, W.G. and Layne, J.N., 2003. Long- term pattens of acorn production for five oak species in xeric Florida uplands. Ecology, 84(9): 2476-2492. - Anonymous, 2004. Iran Natural Resources; Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. Published by Journal of Livestock, Cultivation and Industry, 151p (In Persian). - Bihamta, M.R. and Zare Chahouki, M., 2008. Principles of Statistics for the Natural Resources Science. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 300p (In Persian). - Cecich, R.A. and Sullivan, N.H., 1999. Influence of weather at time of pollination on acorn production of Quercus alba and Quercus velutina. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 29: 1817-1823. - Christisen, D.M. and Kearby, W.H., 1984. Mast Measurement and Production in Missouri (With Special References to Acorns). Missouri Department of Conservation Terrestrial Series 13, 34p. - Dey, D.C., 1995. Acorn Production in Red Oak. Ontario Forest Research Institute, Forest Research Information Paper, No: 127, 22p. - Fattahi, M., Ansari, N., Abbasi, H.R. and Khanhasani, M., 2001. Zagros Forests Management (Study Area: Darbadam Forest, Kermanshah). Volume 1, Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 470p (In Persian). - Garrison, B.A., Wachs, R.L., Jones, J.S. and Triggs, M.L., 1998. Visual counts of acorns of California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) as an indicator of mast production. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 13: 27-31. - Goodrum, P.D., Reid, V.H. and Boyd, C.E., 1971. Acorn yields, characteristics and management criteria of oaks for wildlife. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 35(3): 520-532. - Greenberg, C.H., 2000. Individual variation in acorn production by five species of southern Appalachian oaks. Forest Ecology and Management, 132: 199-210. - Gysel, L.W., 1956. Measurement of acorn crops. Forest Science, 2(1): 305-313. - Healy, W.M., Lewis, A.M. and Boose, E.F., 1999. Variation of red oak acorn production. Forest Ecology and Management, 116(1-3): 1-11. - Huntley, J.C., 1983. Squirrel den tree management: reducing incompatibility with timber production in upland hardwoods. In: Jones, E.P.Jr. (ed.), Proceedings of the Second Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, November 4-5; Atlanta, GA. General Technical Report, SE-24. Asheville, NC: USDA, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, pp: 488-495. - Khodakarami, Y., Pourhashemi, M., Pourreza, M., Khanhassani, M., Safari, H., Tavakkoli, A. and Mehrjoei, A., 2014. Effect of thinning on development of Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii) sprout-clumps in forests of Kermanshah Province. Final Report of Research Plan, Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 32p (In Persian). - Koenig, W.D. and Knops, J.M.H., 1998. Testing for spatial autocorrelation in ecological studies. Ecography, 21: 423-429. - Koenig, W.D. and Knops, J.M.H., 2014. Environmental correlates of acorn production by four species of Minnesota oaks. Population Ecology, 56(1): 63-71. - Koenig, W.D., Mumme, R.L., Carmen, W.J. and Stanback, M.T., 1994. Acorn production by oaks in central coastal California: variation within and among years. Ecology, 75: 99-109. - Johnson, P.S., Shifley, S.R. and Rogers, R., 2002. The Ecology and Silviculture of Oaks. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, 503p. - Liebhold, A., Sork, V., Peltonen, M., Koenig, W., Bjørnstad, O.N., Westfall, R., Elkinton, J. and Knops, J.M.H., 2004. Within-population spatial synchrony in mast seeding of North American oaks. Oikos, 104: 156-164. - Masaka, K. and Sato, H., 2002. Acorn production by Kashiwa oak in a coastal forest under fluctuating weather conditions. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 32: 9-15. - Panahi, P., Jamzad, Z. and Pourhashemi, M., 2009. Acorn production of Zagros forests oaks and their qualitative characteristics in Zagros section of National Botanical Garden of Iran. Journal of Forest and Wood Products (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources), 62(1): 45-57 (In Persian). - Panahi, P. and Pourhashemi, M., 2013. Acorn production of adult trees of Chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey.) in Hyrcanian collection of National Botanical Garden of Iran. Journal of Plant Researches (Iranian Journal of Biology), 26(3): 247-256 (In Persian). - Pourhashemi, M., Panahi, P. and Zandebasiri, M., 2013. Application of visual surveys to estimate acorn production of Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in northern Zagros Forests of Iran. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 11(2): 85-95. - Pourhashemi, M., Zande Basiri, M. and Panahi, P. 2011. Estimation of acorn production of Gall oak (Quercus infectoria Olivier) in Baneh forests by Koenig visual method. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(2): 205-220 (In Persian). - Pourhashemi, M., Zande Basiri, M. and Panahi, P., 2012. Evaluation of visual surveys to estimate acorn production of Gall oak (Quercus infectoria Olivier) in Baneh. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 20(2): 243-255 (In Persian). - Rose, A.K., Greenberg, C.H. and Fearer, T.M., 2012. Acorn production prediction models for five common oak species of the eastern United States. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 76(4): 750-758. - Sork, V.L., Bramble, J. and Sexton, O., 1993. Ecology of mast-fruiting in three species of North American deciduous oaks. Ecology, 74(2): 528-541. - Steen, C., Jensen, R., Vangilder, L. and Sheriff. S., 2009. Hardmast Production in the Missouri Ozarks: A Preliminary Report of Acorn Production on MOFEP. Resource Science Division, Missouri Department of Conservation, 11p. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,734 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 792 |
||