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گزینش برای تحمل به خشکی در فامیل های نیمه خواهری (Half sib family) در چغندر قند | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 32، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1395، صفحه 1-12 اصل مقاله (210.58 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: کامل علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2016.106072 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدرضا اوراضی زاده* 1؛ اباذر رجبی2؛ مسعود احمدی3 | ||
| 1مربی پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از مؤثرترین روشهای کاهش مقابله با خشکی و افزایش رادمان مصرف آب، اصلاح و تهیه ارقام مقاوم به خشکی است که از تحمل بالایی به خشکی برخوردار بوده و به ازاء یک واحد کاهش مصرف آب، کاهش عملکرد کمتری داشته باشند. بدین منظور اصلاح گردهافشانهای دیپلوئید متحمل به خشکی بهعنوان یکی از پایههای رقم هیبرید مدنظر قرار گرفت. از چهار توده گردهافشان دیپلوئید، تعداد 45 فامیل نیمهخواهری تهیه و در شرایط تنش خشکی ارزیابی و فامیلهای برتر با بیشترین عملکردریشه انتخاب شدند. سپس فامیلهای جدید تهیه و پس از ارزیابی نهایی، 23 فامیل برتر انتخاب و با یک سینگل کراس نرعقیم منوژرم بهعنوان والد مادری تلاقی داده شدند و 23 هیبرید تست کراس بهدست آمد. این هیبریدها به همراه رقم گدوک و یک هیبرید متحمل به تنش خشکی (IR7) بهعنوان شاهد (در مجموع 25 تیمار) در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در دو آزمایش با آبیاری نرمال و تنش خشکی در ایستگاه طرق مشهد به مدت دو سال زراعی (86 و 87) مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. در آزمایش بدونتنش، آبیاری در طول فصل رشد بهطور معمول بر اساس 90 میلیمتر تبخیر از طشتک کلاس A انجام شد، ولی در آزمایش تنشخشکی آبیاری بر اساس اندازهگیری رطوبت خاک در عمقهای مختلف (پس از تخلیه رطوبتی خاک تا نقطه پژمردگی) صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بین فامیلها از نظر عملکرد شکر در دو آزمایش آبیاری نرمال و تنشخشکی اختلاف معنیدار وجود داشت. بهطور متوسط عملکرد شکر از 15/20 تن در هکتار در روش آبیاری نرمال به 7/10 تن در هکتار در تنشخشکی کاهش یافت. بیشترین عملکردریشه در شرایط تنشخشکی به هیبرید تست کراس شماره 12 با شجره (436*231)*SBSI-DR I-HSF-14-P.35 به مقدار 55/78 تن در هکتار تعلق داشته است که با هیبریدهای شماره 7 ،6 ، 14، 2، 5، 10 و 3 بدون اختلاف معنیدار در گروه برتر و رقم شاهد IR7 با عملکردریشه کمتر در گروه بعدی قرار گرفتند. همچنین، در تنشخشکی بیشترین شکر تولیدی به مقدار 7/93 تن در هکتار به هیبرید شماره 7 با شجره(436*231)*SBSI-DR I-HSF-14-P.7 تعلق داشت. به منظور انتخاب هیبریدهای متحمل به خشکی از شاخصهای تحمل به تنش(STI)، حساسیت به تنش(SSI) و تحمل(TOL) بر مبنای عملکردشکر استفاده شد. براساس نتایج حاصله، هیبریدهای تست کراس شماره 7، 9، 12، 18 و 22 بهعنوان هیبریدهای متحمل شناخته شدند ولی با توجه به بیشترین عملکردشکر در روش تنش از بین پنج هیبرید فوق، هیبریدهای شماره 7 {(436*231)*SBSI-DR I-HSF-14-P.7} و 12 {(436*231)* SBSI-DR I-HSF-14-P.35} به ترتیب با عملکرد شکر 7/93 و 7/15 تن در هکتار بهعنوان هیبریدهای برتر متحمل انتخاب شدند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تحمل؛ تنش خشکی؛ تست کراس؛ چغندرقند؛ فامیلهای نیمهخواهری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Selection of drought-tolerant half-sib families in sugar beet | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M.R. Orazizadeh1؛ A. Rajabi2؛ M. Ahmadi3 | ||
| 1Instructor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor of Sugar Beet Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the most effective ways to deal with drought stress and increase water use efficiency is the development of drought-tolerant varieties which display less reduction in yield per unit water reduction. Therefore, the breeding of diploid pollinators was considered as an essential measure for producing drought-tolerant hybrids. In this study, from 4 diploid pollinator populations, 45 half-sib families were developed and evaluated under drought stress condition and subsequently superior families with high root yield were selected. New families were produced and after final evaluation, 23 families with high performance were selected and crossed with a male sterile monogerm single cross as female parent and eventually 23 test-cross hybrids were produced. These hybrids together with Gadook cultivar and a drought-tolerant hybrid (IR7), as controls, were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications in two experiments including normal irrigation and drought-stress condition at Torogh Research Station in Mashhad, Iran for two years, 2007-08. Normal irrigation was performed after 90 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan but under stress condition, irrigation was performed based on soil moisture measurement at different soil depths (after soil moisture depletion reached to wilting point). Results showed significant difference among the families in terms of sugar yield in both experiments. Sugar yield was decreased from 15.20 t ha-1 in normal irrigation to 7.10 t ha-1 under drought stress condition. Under drought stress, the highest root yield (55.78 t ha-1) was obtained in test-cross hybrid 12 [(436*231)*SBSI-DR I-HSF-14-P.35)] which was placed in superior group with hybrids 7, 6, 14, 2, 5, 10 and 3. Furthermore, the highest sugar yield (7.93 t ha-1) was obtained in hybrid 7 [(436*231)*SBSI-DR I-HSF-14-P.7]. In order to select drought-tolerant hybrids, Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI) and Tolerance (TOL) indices were calculated based on sugar yield. According to the results, test-cross hybrids 7, 9, 12, 18 and 22 were identified as drought-tolerant hybrids but based on sugar yield results, hybrids 7 and 12 were selected as promising hybrids with 7.93 and 7.51 t ha-1 sugar yield, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Drought Stress, Half-sib families, sugar beet, Test cross, tolerance | ||
| مراجع | ||
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