| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,020 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,742 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,988,702 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 47,423,939 |
فرایند تغذیه و بازگشت عناصر غذایی در جنگلکاریهای خالص و آمیخته بلندمازو (مطالعه موردی: جنگلهای پایین‌دست چمستان نور) | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 20، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 48، تیر 1391، صفحه 272-256 اصل مقاله (325.51 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2012.107278 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| عین‌اله روحی مقدم* 1؛ سیدمحسن حسینی2؛ احمد رحمانی3؛ مسعود طبری2؛ عزت‌اله ابراهیمی4 | ||
| 1استادیار، دانشگاه زابل | ||
| 2دانشیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| 3استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور | ||
| 4کارشناس ارشد پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این تحقیق در یکی از طرحهای تحقیقاتی ایستگاه تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع چمستان (که در سال 1373 شروع شده بود) انجام شد. در این طرح کاملاً تصادفی، بلوط به‌صورت خالص و آمیخته به نسبت 50 درصد به 50 درصد با هر یک از گونه‌های آزاد، پلت، داغداغان و ممرز جنگل‌کاری شد. اهداف این تحقیق عبارتند از: بررسی میزان عناصر غذایی برگها و آگاهی از میزان بازگشت عناصر غذایی توسط برگهای مرده در جنگلکاریهای خالص و آمیخته، تعیین تولید در هکتار لاشبرگ برای هر یک از گونه‌ها و جنگل‌کاریها و برآورد میزان انباشت عناصر غذایی از طریق جریان عناصر از لاشبرگها به کف جنگل. به همین منظور نمونه‌برداری برگهای سبز هر یک از گونه‌ها و در هر یک از تیمارها در مردادماه و برای برگهای مرده و در حال خزان در آذرماه انجام شد و عناصر غذایی آنها در آزمایشگاه مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفت. در داخل هر یک از تیمارها در ابتدای فصل خزان تله‌های جمع‌آوری برگ گذاشته شده و در پایان فصل خزان برگهای جمع شده پس از تفکیک گونه‌ها و خشک شدن، توزین شدند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که میزان عناصر غذایی جنگلکاریهای آمیخته بهتر از جنگلکاریهای خالص می‌باشد. در این تحقیق تولید لاشبرگ در تیمار بلوط آمیخته با داغداغان به‌میزان 5/02 و در تیمار بلوط خالص 6/14 تن ماده خشک در هکتار در سال بدست آمد که بالاتر از متوسط تولید لاشبرگ سالیانه جنگلهای معتدله اروپا می‌باشد. میزان انباشت عناصر غذایی در کف جنگل در پی ریزش لاشبرگها در تیمار آمیخته بلندمازو- پلت بیشتر از تیمارهای آمیخته دیگر و تیمار بلوط خالص بود. نتایج این تحقیق این موضوع را تأیید می‌کند که شناخت رفتار تغذیه‌ای در جنگل‌کاریها برای مدیریت پایدار آنها سودمند خواهد بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| جنگل‌کاری خالص و آمیخته؛ تغذیه؛ بازگشت عناصر غذایی؛ تولید لاشبرگ؛ بلندمازو | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Nutritional process and nutrients return in pure and mixed plantations of oak (A case study: lowland forests of Chamestan, Noor) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Anollah Rouhi Moghaddam1؛ Mohsen Hosseini2؛ Ahmad Rahmani3؛ Mas'oud Tabari2؛ Ezzatolah Ebrahimi4 | ||
| 1Assistant prof., University of Zabol | ||
| 2Associate prof., Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modares | ||
| 3Assistant prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands | ||
| 4Senior Research Expert, Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Mazandaran Province | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This research was performed in Chamestan Forest and Rangeland Experimental Station since 1994. In this research chestnut leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia) was planted at pure and mixed plantation, including Siberian elm (Zelkova carpinifolia), maple (Acer velutinum), hackberry (Celtis australis) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus). The aims of this research were as follows: 1. investigation on nutritional elements of the leaves and their return by senescent leaves at both pure and mixed plantations, 2. litter production of the species and nutrient fluxes in the two plantation types. For these reasons, sampling was made from the fresh leaves in August and for the senescent leaves in November, and the elements were measured in laboratory. Litter traps were located within the treatment's plots for litter collection and litter dry weight was measured and recorded. The results showed that the mixed plantations produced more amounts of nutritional elements than the pure plantations. Dry litter production was 5.02 to 6.14 ton per hectare per year, which was more than the European temperate broadleaved forests production. The concentration of elements in the mixed oak- maple plantation was more than the pure oak and the other mixed plantations. It can be concluded that investigation on nutritional behavior of forest trees is very important for sustainable forest management. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| pure and mixed plantation, Nutrition, nutrients return, litter production, Oak | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Augusto, L., Ranger, J., Binkley, D. and Rothe, A., 2002. Impact of several common tree species of European temperate forests on soil fertility. Ann. For. Sci., 59: 233-253. - Binkley, D. and Ryan, M.G., 1998. Net primary production and nutrient cycling in replicated stands of Eucalyptus saligna and Albizzia facaltaria. Forest Ecology and Management, 112: 79-85. - Bruijnzeel, L.A., 1989. Nutrient content of bulk precipitation in south-central Java, Indonesia. Tropical Ecol., 5: 187-202. - Bubb, K.A., Xu, Z.H., Simpson, J.A. and Saffigna, P.G., 1998. Some nutrient dynamics associated with litterfall and litter decomposition in hoop pine plantations of southeast Queensland, Australia. Forest Ecology and Management, 110: 343-352. - Byard, R., Lewis, K.C. and Montagnini, F., 1996. Leaf litter decomposition and mulch performance from mixed and monospecific plantations of native tree species in Costa Rica. Agric. Ecosys. Environ., 58: 145-155. - Cuevas, E. and Lugo, A.E., 1998. Dynamics of organic matter and nutrient return from litterfall in stands of ten tropical tree plantation species. Forest Ecology and Management, 112: 263-279. - Ebrahimi, E., 2006. Investigation of pure plantation of Quercus castaneifolia and mixed with the Native species of the North forests of Iran. Final report of the research plan, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, 70 p. - Fichter, J., Dambrine, E., Turpault, M.P. and Ranger, J., 1998. Base cation supply in spruce and beech ecosystems of the Strebgbach catchment (Vosges mountains, N-E France). Water Air Soil Polution, 105: 125-148. - Folster, H. and Khanna, P.K., 1997. Dynamics of nutrient supply in plantation soils. In: Nambiar, E.K.S. and Browb, A.G., (Eds.). Management of Soil, Nutrients and Water in Tropical Plantation Forests. ACIAR/CSIRO/CIFOR, ACIAR, Canberra, Australia: 338-378. - Ganjegunte, G.K., Condron, L.M., Clinton, P.W., Davis, M.R. and Mahieu, N., 2004. Decomposition and nutrient release from radiat pine coarse woody debris. Forest Ecology and Management, 187: 197-211. - Gholz, H.L., Ewel, K.C. and Teskey, R.O., 1990. Water and forest productivity. Forest Ecology and Management, 30: 1-18. - Hopman, P., Stewart, H.T.L. and Flinn, D.W., 1993. Impact of harvesting on nutrients in an Eucalyptus ecosystem in south eastern Australia. Forest Ecology and Management, 59: 29-51. - Issac, R.A. and Johnson, W.C., 1975. Colloborative study of wet and dry techniques for the elemental analysis of plant tissue by atomic absorption spectrometer. J. Assoc. Agri. Chem., 58: 336-340. - Jackson, M.L., 1967. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood cliffs, NJ, USA,521 p. - Kadeba, O., 1991. Above-ground biomass production and nutrient accumulation in an age sequence of Pinus caribae stands. Forest Ecology and Management, 41: 237-248. - Kershnar, R. and Montagnini, F., 1998. Leaf litter decomposition, litterfall and effects of leaf mulches from mixed and monospecific plantations in Costa Rica. J. Sustainable For., 7: 95-118. - Khanna, P.K., 1997. Comparison of growth and nutrition of young monocultures and mixed stands of Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia mearnsii. Forest Ecology and Management, 94 (1-3): 105-113. - Laclau, J.P., Ranger, J., Dieu Nzila, J., Bouillet, J.P. and Deleporte, P., 2003. Nutrient cycling in a clonal stand of Eucalyptus and an adjacent savana ecosystem in Congo 2. Chemical composition of soil solutions. Forest Ecology and Management, 180: 527-544. - Liu, X., Xu, H., Berninger, O. and Li, C., 2004. Nutrient distribution in Picea likiangensis trees growing in a plantation in West Sichuan, Southwest China. Silva Fennica, 38 (3): 235-242. - Lodhiyal, N. and Lodhiyal, L.S., 2003. Aspects of nutrient cycling and nutrient use pattern of Bhabar Shisham forests in central Hymalaya, India. Ecology and Management, 176: 237-252. - Lugo, A.E., Cuevas, E. and Sanchez, M.J., 1990. Nutrients and mass in litter and top soil of 10 tropical tree plantations. Plant Soil, 125: 263-280. - Mankovska, B., 1996. Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia-forest biomass (Slovak, English). Geological Service of Slovak Republic, Bratislava, 87 p. - Mankovska, B., Godzik, B., Badea, O., Shparyk, Y. and Moravcik, P., 2004. Chemical and morphological characteristics of key tree species of the Carpathian Mountains. Environmental Pollution, 130: 41-54. - Marschner, H., 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press, New York, 889 p. - McMurtrie, R.E., Rook, D.A. and Kelliher, F.M., 1990. Modelling the yield of Pinus radiata on a site limited by water and nitrogen. Forest Ecology and Management, 30: 381-413. - Miller, H.G., 1984. Dynamics of nutrient cycling in plantation ecosystems. In: Bowen, G.D. and Nambiar, E.K.S., (Eds.). Nutrition of plantation Forests. Academic Press, New York: 53-78. - Montagnini, F., 2000. Accumulation in above-ground biomass and soil storage of mineral nutrients in pure and mixed plantations in a humid tropical lowland. Forest Ecology and Management, 134 (1-3): 257-270. - Montagnini, F. and Sancho, F., 1994. Aboveground biomass and nutrients in young plantations of four indigenous tree species: Implications for site nutrient conservation. Sustainable Forestry, 1: 115-139. - Montagnini, F., Fanzeres, A. and da Vina, S., 1994. Studies on restoration ecology in the Atlantic forest region of Bahia, Brazil. Interciencia, 19 (6): 323-330. - Mousavi-Koupar, S.A., Hosseini, S.M., Tabari, M., Modirrahmati, A., Golchin, A. and Hosseinzadeh, F., 2011. Effects of pure and mixed plantations of Populus deltoids with Alnus glutinosa on growth and soil properties: A case study of Foman Region, Iran. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6 (23): 5261-5265. - Niinemets, U. and Kull, K., 2003. Leaf structure vs. nutrient relationships vary with soil conditions in temperate shrubs and trees. Acta Oecologica, 24: 209-219. - Onyekwelu, J.C., Mosandl, R. and Stimm, B., 2006. Productivity, site evaluation and state of nutrition of Gmelina arborea plantations in Oluwa and Omo forest reserves, Nigeria. Forest Ecology and Management, 229: 214-227. - Pandey, R.R., Sharma, G., Tripathi, S.K. and Singh, A.K., 2007. Litterfall, litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics in a subtropical natural oak forest and managed plantation in northeastern India. Forest Ecology and Management, 240: 96-104. - Parrotta, J.A., 1999. Productivity, nutrient cycling, and succession in single and mixed-species plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus robusta, and Leucaena leucocephala in Puerto Rico. Forest Ecology and Management, 124 (1): 45-77. - Pe´rez-Suarez, M., Arredondo-Moreno, J.T., Huber-Sannwald, E. and Vargas-Hernandez, J.J., 2009. Production and quality of senesced and green litterfall in a pine-oak forest in central-northwest Mexico. Forest Ecology and Management, 258: 1307-1315. - Quingkui, W., Silong, W. and Yu, H., 2008. Comparisons of litterfall, litter decomposition and nutrient return in a monoculture Cunninghamia lanceolata and a mixed stand in southern China. Forest Ecology and Management, 255: 1210-1218. - Regina, I.S. and Tarazona, T., 2001. Nutrient pools to the soil through organic matter and throughfall under a Scots pine plantation in the Sierra de La Demanda, Spain. Soil Biology, 37: 125-133. - Rodin, L.E. and Basilevich, N.I., 1967. Production and Mineral Cycling in Terrestrial Vegetation. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, Scotland. 288 p. - Romanya, J. and Vallejo, V.R., 2004. Productivity of Pinus radiata plantations in Spain in response to climate and soil. Forest Ecology and Management, 195: 177-189. - Rothe, A. and Binkley, D., 2001. Nutritional interactions in mixed species forests: a synthesis. Can. J. For. Res., 31: 1855-1870. - Sayyad, E., Hosseini, S.M., Mokhtari, J., Mahdavi, R., Jalali, S.G., Akbarinia, M. and Tabari, M., 2006. Comparison of growth, nutrition and soil properties of pure and mixed stands of Populus deltoids and Alnus subcordata. Silva Fennica, 40 (1): 27-35. - Scott, D.A., Burger, J.A., Kaczmarek, D.J. and Kane, M.B., 2004. Nitrogen supply and demand in short-rotation sweetgum plantations. Forest Ecology and Management, 189: 331-343. - Shanmughavel, P. and Francis, K., 2001. Bioproductivity and nutrient cycling in bamboo and Acacia plantation forests. Bioresources Technology, 80: 45-48. - Singh, L.J. and Singh, J.S., 1991. Storage and flux of nutrients in a dry tropical forest in India. Annals of Botany, 68: 263-273. - Stanley, W.G. and Montagnini, F., 1999. Biomass and nutrient accumulation in pure and mixed plantations of indigenous tree species grown on poor soils in the humid tropics of Costa Rica. Forest Ecology and Management, 113: 91-103. - Stape, J.L., Binkley, D., Jacob, W.S. and Takahashi, E.N., 2006. A twin-plot approach to determine nutrient limitation and potential productivity in Eucalyptus plantations at landscape scales in Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management, 223: 358-362. - Stefan, K., Frust, A., Hacker, R. and Bartels, U., 1997. Forest foliar condition in Europe. Technical Report, EC and UN/ECE, Brussels, Geneva, 207 p. - Swamy, S.L., Kushwaha, S.K. and Puri, S., 2004. Tree growth, biomass, allometry and nutrient distribution in Gmelina arborea stands grown in red lateritic soils of Central India. Biomass and Bioenergy, 26: 305-317. - Swamy, S.L., Mishra, A. and Puri, S., 2006. Comparision of growth, biomass and nutrient distribution in five promising clones of Populus deltoides under an agrisilviculture system. Bioresources Technology, 97: 57-68. - Van den Driessche, R., 1984. Nutrient storage, retranslocation and relationship of stree to nutrition. In: Bowen, G.D. and Nambiar, E.K.S., (Eds.). Nutrition of plantation Forests. Academic Press, New York: 181-210. - Vogt, K.A., Grier, C.C. and Vogt, D.J., 1986. Production, turnover and nutrient dynamics of above- and below-ground detritus of world forests. Adv. Ecol. Res., 15: 303-337. - Wang, D., Bormann, F.H., Lugo, A.E. and Bowden, R.D., 1991. Comparison of nutrient-use efficiency and biomass production in five tropical tree taxa. Forest Ecology and Management, 46: 1-21. - Will, G.M., 1985. Nutrient deficiencies and fertilizer use in New Zealand exotic forests. FRI Bulletin, No. 97, Rotorua, New Zealand, 53 p. - Zarrinkafsh, M., 2001. Forest Pedology: Interactions of Plants and Soils. Journal of Forestry, 49: 131-134. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 680 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 435 |
||