| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,139 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,918 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 50,383,518 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 90,276,874 |
اثر جنگلکاری گونههای مختلف اکالیپتوس بر خصوصیات خاک جنگلی در استان گیلان | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 18، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 39، فروردین 1389، صفحه 131-116 اصل مقاله (224.6 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حسین سردابی* 1؛ احمد حمانی1؛ بهنام حمزه2؛ محمدحسن عصار3؛ محمود قرآنی4 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور | ||
| 2مربی پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور | ||
| 3استاد پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور | ||
| 4کارشناس ارشد، شرکت سهامی جنگل شفارود | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثرات مثبت و منفی کاشت شش گونه اکالیپتوس بر خصوصیات مختلف خاک عرصه جنگلکاری میباشد. بدین منظور این تحقیق در ایستگاه شیخنشین شرکت شفارود استان گیلان که شش گونه اکالیپتوس شامل: E. camaldulensis، E. macarthurii، E. maidenii، E. rubida، E. salignaو E. viminalis در قالب طرح آزمایشی بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار، با فاصله کاشت 2×2 متر و به تعداد 100 اصله در هر کرت آزمایشی در سال 1362 کاشته شده بودند، انجام شد. در هر واحد آزمایشی (از جمله تیمار شاهد) بررسی خصوصیات فیزیکی- شیمیایی خاک انجام گردید. بررسیهای خاکشناسی با تهیه یک نمونه خاک در هر واحد آزمایشی بهوسیله اوگر تا عمق60 سانتیمتری (28 نمونه با در نظر گرفتن چهار نمونه برای چهار واحد آزمایشی شاهد) انجام شد. مطالعه مورفولوژی خاک با حفر سه نیمرخ به عمق 5/1 متر در سه قطعه اکالیپتوس، صنوبر و جنگل مخروبه بلوط و نمونهبرداری چهار نمونه از چهار افق هر نیمرخ (در مجموع 12 نمونه) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که میان شش گونه اکالیپتوس از نظر خصوصیات خاک شامل درصد لای، وزن خشک لاشبرگها، وزن مخصوص ظاهری، مقاومت به فروروی، اسیدیته و فسفر، اختلاف معنیدار وجود دارد. نیمرخ خاک در سه قطعه اکالیپتوس، صنوبر و جنگل مخروبه از چهار افق A، AC، B و C تشکیل شده بود. عمق ریشهدوانی در قطعات اکالیپتوس، صنوبر و جنگل مخروبه بلوط بهترتیب 100، 85 و150 سانتیمتر بود. بهطور کلی، جنگلکاری اکالیپتوس قادر بوده است که نقش مثبتی در بهبود ساختمان و تخلخل خاک، بهویژه در سطح خاک داشته باشد، زیرا فشردگی خاک واحدهای آزمایشی مربوط به گونههای مورد آزمایش به میزان بسیار معنیداری کمتر از واحدهای شاهد بوده است، بهنحوی که از نظر مقاومت به فروروی که شاخصی دقیقتر از وزن مخصوص ظاهریست، میان گونهها از این نظر اختلاف معنیداری دیده نمیشود ولی فشردگی قسمت شاهد در حد زیاد است. همچنین اسیدیته خاک پس از 22 سال کاهش یافته، اما مقدار آن کمتر از یک واحد بوده است | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اکالیپتوس؛ خاک؛ حاصلخیزی؛ فشردگی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Impact of different Eucalypt species on forest soil properties in Guilan province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hosayn Sardabi1؛ Ahmad Rahmani1؛ Behnam Hamze2؛ Mohammad Hasan Assareh3؛ Mahmood Ghorany4 | ||
| 1Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands | ||
| 2Senior research expert, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands | ||
| 3Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands | ||
| 4Senior expert, Shafaroud Forest Joint Stock Company, Guilan Province | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The aim of this study was to investigate the positive or negative effects of eucalypt plantation on different soil properties. For this reason, an eucalypt trial consisting of six species: E. camaldulensis, E. macarthurii, E. maidenii, E. rubida, E. saligna, E. viminalis which were planted in 1983 in Sheikh-Neshin state of Shafarud Company in Guilan province under experimental design of Randomized Complete Blocks with four replications at 2×2 m spacing and total number of 100 seedlings at each plot, was used for this research. Soil samples were taken from each plot, including four control ones by auger up to 60 cm. depth (totally 28 samples). Soil morphology was studied by digging three soil profiles at the eucalypt site and two adjacent parcels, including poplar plantation and the oak forest. Soil samples were taken from four soil horizons of each profile (totally 12 samples). Results showed that the species have differed significantly in respect to only few soil properties, including silt percentage, litter dry weight, bulk density, penetration resistance, pH and phosphorous amount. The soil profiles at the eucalypt site and the two adjacent sites of poplar plantation and oak forest consisted of four horizons, including A, AC, B and C. Root development at eucalypt, poplar and oak sites limited to 100, 85 and 150 cm soil depth, respectively. Overall, eucalypt plantation was able to improve soil structure and porosity, particularly at topsoil. Although there was intensive livestock traffic in the eucalypt site, but soil compaction was significantly less than the control plots and there was not significant difference between the eucalypt species in response to penetration resistance. Eucalypt plantation after 22 years reduced soil pH, but it was less than one unit. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Eucalyptus, soil, fertility, Compaction | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- آبروش، ز.، سفیدکن، ف. و عصاره، م.ح.، 1386. استخراج و تعیین ترکیبهای شیمیایی اسانس پنج گونه اکالیپتوس کشت شده در مناطق گرمسیری ایران. تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران، 23 (3): 330-323. - حبیبی، ح.، 1361. روشهای اندازهگیری خاک. پلیکپی دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، 31 صفحه. - حبیبی کاسب، ح.، 1371. مبانی خاکشناسی جنگل. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، 424 صفحه. - قرانی، م.، 1382. پژوهشی پیرامون سازگاری و رشد اکالیپتوس در حوزه جنگلهای شرکت شفارود. همایش ملی فرآوری و کاربرد مواد سلولز، 9-10 مهرماه 1382، پردیس3 دانشکده فنی دانشگاه تهران: 58-54. - Aborisade, K.D. and Aweto, A.O., 1990. Effects of exotic tree plantations of teak (Tectona grandis) and gmelina (Gmelina arborea) on a forest soil in south-western Nigeria. Soil Use and Management, 6 (1): 43-45. - Attiwill, P.M., 1962. Effect of heat pretreatment of Soil on growth of Eucalyptus obliqua seedlings. Paper to Inst. Foresters Aust. 3rd Conf., Melbourne, 25p. - Attiwill, P., 1991. Nutritional resilience of wet sclerophyllForest: Recovery after disturbance. Proceedings of ThirdAustralianForest Soils and Nutrition Conference, Melbourne, 7-11 Oct. 1991: 9. - Baragali, S.S., Singh, R.P. and Joshi, M., 1993. Changes in soil characteristics in Eucalyptus plantations replacing natural broad leaved forests. Journal of Vegetation, 4: 25-28. - Barker, T.G., King, M., Rab, M.A., Maheswaran, J. and Pearson, A., 1991. Spatial variation in Soil disturbance and Seedling growth in harvested and regenerating Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. Forests. Proceedings of ThirdAustralianForest Soils and Nutrition Conference, Melbourne, 7-11 Oct. 1991: 1. - Baruah, T.C. and Barthakur, H.P., 1997. A text book of soil analysis. Vikas Publishing House PVT LTD, New Delhi, 334 p. - Binkley, D., Kaye, J., Barry, M. and Ryan, M.G., 2004. First rotation changes in soil carbon and nitrogen in a Eucalyptus plantations in Hawaii. Soil Science of America Journal, 68: 1713-1719. - Burgess, T.I., Malajczuk, N. and Grove, T.S., 1993. The ability of 16 ectomycorrhizal fungi to increase growth and phosphorus uptake of Eucalyptus globlulus Labill. and E. diversicolor F. Muell. Plant and Soil, 153: 155-164. - Chen, C.R., Xu, Z.H. and Mathers, N.J., 2004. Soil carbon pools in adjacent natural and plantation forests of subtropical Australia. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68: 282-291. - Cole, R.J. and Rapp, M., 1981. Elemental Cycling in Forest Ecosystems: 341-409. In: Reichle, D.E., (Ed.). Dynamic properties of forest ecosystems. CambridgeUniversity Press, London. 683 p. - Cornforth, J.S., 1970. Reforestation and nutrient reserve in the humid tropics. Journal of Applied Ecology, 7 (3): 609-615. -Cromer, R.N., Ryan, P.A., Booth, T.H., Cameron, D.M. and Rance, S.I., 1991. Limitations to productivity of Eucalyptus grandis plantations in Sub-tropical Australia. Proceedings of ThirdAustralianForest Soils and Nutrition Conference, Melbourne, 7-11 Oct. 1991: 133-146. - Evans, G., Cartwright, J.B. and White, N.H., 1967. Nectrolide, a phytotoxic compound produced by some root surface isolates of Cylindrocarpon radicicola. Plant and Soil, 20: 253-260. - Evans, J., 1992. Plantation Forestry in the Tropics. OxfordUniversity Press, Oxford, 422 p. - Ghosh, R.C., Kaul, O.N. and Subba Rao, B.K., 1978. Some aspects of water relations and nutrition in Eucalyptus plantations. Indian Forester, 104: 517-524. - Hase, H. and Folster, H., 1983. Impact of plantation forestry with teak on nutrient status of young alluvial soil in west Venezuela. Forest Ecology and Management, 6: 361-370. - Heilman, P. and Norby, R.J., 1997. Nutrient cycling and fertility management in temperate short rotation forest systems. Biomass and Bioenergy, 14: 361-370. - Hillel, D., 1980. Fundamentals of soil physics. Academic Press. New York, 413 p. - Jha, M.N., 1992. Impact of grazing Eucalyptus on soil: 3-16. In: Singhal, R.M. and Rawat, J.K. (Eds). Effect of growing Euclayptus. Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, 176 p. - Jha, M.N. and Pande, P., 1984. Impact on growing Eucalyptus and Sal monocultures on soil in natural Sal area of DoonValley. Indian Forester, 110: 16-22. - Jorgensen, J.K and Wells, C.G., 1986. Tree nutrition and fast growing plantations in developing countries. The International Tree Crops Journal, 3: 225-244, - Kadeba, O. and Aduayi, E.A., 1985. Impact on soils of plantation of Pinus caribaea in natural tropical savannas. Forest Ecology and Management, 13: 27-29. - Khanna, P.K., Raison, R.J. and Bauhus, J., 1991. Constraints to nitrification in Soils under Eucalyptus native Forests. Proceedings of ThirdAustralianForest Soils and Nutrition Conference, Melbourne, 7-11 Oct. 1991: 7-11. - Kirkegaard, J.A., 1990. The effects of compaction on the growth of Pigeon pea on clay soils. Ph.D. thesis, University of Queensland, 114 p. - Lemenih, M., 2004. Effects of land use change on soil quality and native flora degradation and restoration in the highlands of Ethiopia. Ph.D. dissertation, ISSN 1401-6230, ISBN 91-576-6540-0. SwedishUniversity of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Soils, Uppsala, 64 p. - Lemma, B., 2006. Impact of exotic tree plantations on carbon and nutrient dynamics in abandoned farmland soils of southwestern Ethiopia. Ph.D. dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, ISSN 1652-6880, ISBN 91-5767257-1, Uppsala, 42 p. - Lundgren, B., 1978. Soil condition and nutrient cycling under natural Tanzanian highland. Department of Forest Soils, SwedishUniversity of Agricultural Sciences, Report No. 31, 400 p. - Madeira, M., 1991. Studies of soils under Eucalyptus globulus plantations in Portugal during the last decade. Proceedings of ThirdAustralianForest Soils and Nutrition Conference, Melbourne, 7-11 Oct. 1991: 162-163. - Maheswaran, J., Baker, T.G. and Pearson, A., 1991. The effect of Fire on plant-available and microbial nutrients in harvested and regenerating Mountain Ash Forests. Proceedings of ThirdAustralianForest Soils and Nutrition Conference, Melbourne, 7-11 Oct. 1991: 207. - Mendham, D.S., Sankaran, K.V., O' Connell, A.M. and Grove, T.S., 2002. Eucalyptus globulus harvest residue management effects on soil carbon and microbial biomass at 1 and 5 years after plantation establishment. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 34: 1903-1912. - Mengel, K. and Kikby, E.A., 2001. Principles of plant nutrition. Kulwer Academic publishers, 849 p. - O’Connell, A.M., 1991. Management of the slash residues after thinning of regrowth KarriForest. Proceedings of ThirdAustralianForest Soils and Nutrition Conference, Melbourne, 7-11 Oct. 1991: 212. - O’Connell, A.M. and Grove, T.S., 1991. Processes contributing to the nutritional resilience or vulnerability of Jarrah and KarriForests in Western Australia. Proceedings of ThirdAustralianForest Soils and Nutrition Conference, Melbourne, 7-11 Oct. 1991: 197-180. - Pennington, P., Laffan, M., Lewis, R. and Otahal, P., 2001. Assessing the long-term impacts of forest harvesting broadcast burning on soil properties at the Warra LTER site. University of Melbourne, School of Forestry, Tasforests 13: 291-301. - Pryor, L.D., 1963. Ash bed growth response as a Key to plantation establishment on poor soils. Australian Forestry, 27: 48-51. - Raison, R.J., Jacobsen, K.L., Connell, M.J. and Khanna, P.K., 1991. Nutrition of low elevation mixed species eucalypt Forests in east Gippsland, Victoria. Proceedings of ThirdAustralianForest Soils and Nutrition Conference, Melbourne, 7-11 Oct. 1991: 200-201. - Sardabi, H., 1997. An investigation of the relationship between penetration resistance, soil physical properties and the growth of selected tree species. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Forestry, The Australian National University, 144 p. - Sheng, Y.Y., Jiang, L.J., Kutsch, W., Shuit, C.G. and Tuo, Y., 2004. Impacts of continuous Chinese fir monoculture on soil. Pedosphere, 14: 117-124. - Tome, M. and Pereira, J.S., 1991. Growth and management of Eucalypt plantations in Portugal. Proceedings of ThirdAustralianForest Soils and Nutrition Conference, Melbourne, 7-11 Oct. 1991: 147-157. - Turner, J.W. and Lambert, M.P., 1983. Nutrient cycling within a 27-year old Eucalyptus grandis plantation in New South Wales. Forest Ecology and Management, 6: 155-168. - Weston, C.J., 1991. Factors limiting the growth of Eucalyptus across a range of sites in Gippsland, Victoria. Proceedings of ThirdAustralianForest Soils and Nutrition Conference, Melbourne, 7-11 Oct. 1991: 158-159. - Weston, C.J. and Attiwill, P.M., 1991. Recovery of nutrient cycling following disturbance in Eucalyptus regnans forests. Proceedings of ThirdAustralianForest Soils and Nutrition Conference, Melbourne, 7-11 Oct. 1991: 204. - Willis, E.G., 1980. Allelopathy and its role in forests of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Melbourne, 84 p. - Yirdaw, E., 2002. Restoration of the native woody diversity, using plantation species as foster trees, in the degraded highlands of Ethiopia. Ph.D. dissertation, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki, Finland, 61 p. - Zewide, M., 2008. Temporal changes of biomass production, soil properties and ground flora in Eucalyptus globulus plantations in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. Doctoral thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Soils, Uppsala, Sweden, 74 p. - Zhang, X.Q., Kirschhaum, M.U.F., Hou, Z. and Gue, Z., 2004. Carbon stock changes in successive rotations of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (lamb) Hook) plantations. Forest Ecology and Management, 202: 131-147. - Zhang, H., Zhang, G.L. and Zhao, Y.G., 2007. Chemical degredation of Ferralsol (Oxisol) under intensive rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) farming in tropical China. Soil and Tillage Research, 93: 109-116. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 959 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 653 |
||