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تأثیر سطوح آبیاری و کودهای نانو و معمولی روی و سیلیس بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب در آفتابگردان (Helianthus annus L.) | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 30، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 114، فروردین 1396، صفحه 1-17 اصل مقاله (517.32 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2017.108423.1095 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| نرگس اسدزاده1؛ سید غلامرضا موسوی* 2؛ محمد جواد ثقه الاسلامی2 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه کشاورزی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی اکسیدهای معمولی و نانو روی و سیلیس در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب آفتابگردان آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بیرجند اجرا گردید. دو سطح آبیاری (آبیاری پس از 100 و 200 میلیمتر تبخیر تجمعی از تشتک تبخیر) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی روی و سیلیس در 7 سطح (اکسید روی، اکسید سیلیس، نانو اکسید روی، نانو اکسید سیلیس، اکسید روی + اکسید سیلیس، نانو اکسید روی + نانو اکسید سیلیس و شاهد یا عدم محلول‌پاشی) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که با اعمال تنش کم‌آبی قطر طبق، تعداد دانه درطبق، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد روغن نسبت به تیمار بدون تنش به ترتیب 9/16، 5/39، 5/18، 3/50، 3/33 و 5/51 درصد کاهش یافت اما کارایی مصرف آب برای بیوماس 1 /16 درصد افزایش یافت. همچنین کاربرد اکسید روی، قطر طبق، تعداد دانه در طبق، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد روغن و کارایی مصرف آب برای تولید دانه، بیوماس و عملکرد روغن را به طور معنی‌دار و به ترتیب 2/10، 9/42، 7/59، 3/70، 4/52، 7/28 و 60 درصد نسبت به تیمار عدم محلول‌پاشی افزایش داد. به طور کلی بر اساس نتایج، استفاده از تیمار دور آبیاری پس از 100 میلیمتر تبخیر تجمعی و محلول‌پاشی با اکسید روی در زراعت آفتابگردان در شرایط این تحقیق پیشنهاد می‌گردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تنش کم آبی؛ دانه روغنی؛ ریزمغذی؛ قطر طبق؛ هزار دانه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of irrigation and ZnO and SiO2 nano and conventional fertilizers levels on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of sunflower | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Narges Asadzadehi1؛ Gh Mosavi2؛ Mohamad Javad Seghatoleslami2 | ||
| 1MSc. Graduated of Agronomy, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran | ||
| 2Islamic Azad University of Birjand | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Water deficiency is one of the most limiting factors of crop production throughout the world. Moreover, addition of fertilizers to supplement farm fertility is essential for crop production. In particular, microelements have important roles in seed formation and seed yield. Foliar sprays with fertilizers including microelements such as Zn and Si have been shown to be convenient for field use, have a good effectiveness and very rapid plant response. Hence, studying the effects of irrigation and fertilizer on agriculture is important in arid regions like most parts of Iran. Sharing 2.8% of total world oilseeds (around 107 million ton), sunflower is the fifth most important edible oil producer, following soybean, rape, cotton and peanut. Materials and Methods In order to investigate the effect of ZnO and SiO2 nano and conventional fertilizers application on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of sunflower in water deficit stress conditions an experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at experimental field of Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch, Birjand, Iran in 2014. The main plot was devoted to irrigation at two levels (irrigated after 100 and 200 mm cumulative evaporation from evaporation pan) and the sub-plot was devoted to foliar spray of ZnO and SiO2 at seven levels (nano ZnO, nano SiO2, ZnO, SiO2, nano ZnO + nano SiO2, ZnO + SiO2 and control or wihtout foliar spray). Measuring traits included the head diameter, seed number per head, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, oil yield and water use efficiency for seed, biomass and oil. MSTAT-C statistical software used for data analysis and means compared with Duncan multiple range test at 5% probability level. Results and Discussion Results showed that water deficit stress decreased head diameter, seed number per head, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, oil yield and water use efficiency for seed, biomass and oil by 16.9, 39.5, 18.5, 50.3, 33.3, 51.5, 73.7, 62.9 and 75%, respectively as compared to no-stress conditions (irrigation after 100 and 200 mm cumulative evaporation from evaporation pan). It can be said probably the stomata closure and as a result, the decrease in CO2 inflow to the plant decreased leaf area and duration and photosynthesis rate under limited irrigation conditions. Therefore, seed yield decreased because of the decrease in plant growing period, seed filling, head diameter, seed number per head and 1000-seed weight and probably the increase in unfilled head percentage. Also foliar application of conventional ZnO fertilizer significantly increased head diameter, seed number per head, seed yield and oil yield by 10.2, 42.9, 59.7 and 70.3%, respectively as compared to no-foliar application treatment. Zinc fertilizer has positive effect on auxin biosynthesis that can stimulate cell division and better absorption of minerals and thus increase the plant growth (Marschner, 2012). It seems that ZnO fertilizer mainly by increasing the seed number in head significantly seed yield increased. Probably zinc element participates in protein synthesis of the pollen tube during pollination, which leads to increase the seed number in head. The highest water use efficiency for seed and oil with means of 0.125 and 0.056 kg. m-3 respectively, was observed in treatment of ZnO application that was 77.8 and 75% higher compared to the control treatment, respectively. This result can be related to higher seed and oil yield in this treatment compared to other treatments of fertilizer. Conclusions It seems the use of zinc oxide fertilizer due to its role in improving the functioning of physiological and biochemical in plant (Malakoti & Lotfolahi, 2004) has increased photosynthetic capacity and especially by increasing the fertilization of flowers and seed number per head caused a significant increase in seed yield. Moreover, water deficit stress by stomata closure and decreasing in the photosynthetic capacity of plant and source power was significantly reduced seed number per head and 1000-seed weight and finally seed yield and oil yield of sunflower. In total, it is recommended treatment of irrigation after 100 mm cumulative evaporation from evaporation pan and foliar application of conventional ZnO for the cultivation of sunflower under conditions of this research. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| 1000-seed, head diameter, microelement, oil seed, Water deficit stress | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Agarie, S., Uchida, H., Agata, W. and Kubota, S. 1996. Function of silica bodies in epidermal system of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 47: 665–660. | ||
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