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اثرات کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی بر رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، متابولیت‌های ثانویه و عملکرد میوه گیاه دارویی کارلا (Momordica charantia L.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 33، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 84، مهر 1396، صفحه 608-619 اصل مقاله (278.01 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2017.109161.1938 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حسین سرتیپ* 1؛ عیسی خمری2؛ مهدی دهمرده3 | ||
| 1کارشناس ارشد گیاهان دارویی، گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| 2استاد‌یار، گروه زراعت، گرایش فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه زراعت، گرایش آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کارلا (Momordica charantia L.) گیاهیست با خواص دارویی متعدد که میوه آن برای کنترل دیابت استفاده می‌شود. به‌‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی بر ویژگی‌های کمّی، کیفی و متابولیت‌های ثانویه کارلا، آزمایشی به‌صورت طرح بلوک کامل‌تصادفی با 3 تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل: شاهد یا 100% کود شیمیایی (F1)، نیتروکسین + فسفات بارور2 (F2)، نیتروکسین + فسفات بارور2 + 75% کود شیمیایی (F3)، نیتروکسین + فسفات بارور2 + 50% کود شیمیایی (F4)، نیتروکسین + فسفات بارور2 + 25% کود شیمیایی (F5)، نانو کود زیستی (F6)، نانو کود زیستی + 75% کود شیمیایی (F7)، نانو کود زیستی + 50% کود شیمیایی (F8) و نانو کود زیستی + 25% کود شیمیایی (F9) بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که مصرف سطوح مختلف کودهای شیمیایی به همراه کودهای زیستی بر رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و عملکرد میوه در واحد سطح معنی‌دار بود. مقایسه میانگین‌ها حکایت از برتری معنی‌دار تلفیق کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی نسبت به مصرف جداگانه این کودها داشت. بیشترین غلظت کلروفیلa (mg/g.fw30.66) و کاروتنوئیدهای برگ (mg/g.fw8.91) به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای F3 و F4 بدست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد میوه نیز در تیمار F4 بدست آمد که نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش 33/25 درصدی داشت. اثرات تیمارهای کودی بر تولید ماده مؤثره کارانتین به شدت معنی‌دار بود. به‌طوری که کمترین و بیشترین میزان این ماده به‌ترتیب در تیمار F3 (mg/gr.dw0.93) و تیمار F7 (mg/gr.dw42/3) حاصل شد. نتایج این تحقیق حکایت از آن داشت که کاربرد کودهای زیستی نیتروکسین و فسفات بارور2 در ترکیب با 50% و 75% کودهای شیمیایی در بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد میوه گیاه کارلا تأثیر مثبتی داشته و به‌جای مصرف مداوم کودهای شیمیایی، می‌توان با استفاده بهینه از نهاده‌های زیستی در راستای کشاورزی پایدار گام برداشت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کارلا (Momordica charantia L.)؛ کود زیستی؛ میوه؛ کلروفیل؛ کارانتین | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of biofertilitzers and chemical fertilizers on photosynthetic pigments, secondary metabolites and fruit yield of Karela (Momordica charantia L.) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| H. Sartip1؛ I. Khammari2؛ M. Dahmarde3 | ||
| 1M.Sc. in Medicinal Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy, Agriculture Faculty, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Agronomy, Agriculture Faculty, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Karela (Momordica charantia L.) is a plant with multiple medicinal properties, whose fruits are used to control diabetes. In order to study the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative properties and secondary metabolites of Karela, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Research Field of Agricultural Research Institute of Zabol University. Experimental treatments included: control or 100 percent chemical fertilizer (F1), nitroxin + fertile phosphate 2 (F2), nitroxin + fertile phosphate 2 + 75 percent chemical fertilizer (F3), nitroxin + fertile phosphate 2 + 50 percent chemical fertilizer (F4), nitroxin + fertile phosphate 2 + 25 percent chemical fertilizer (F5), biological nano-fertilizer (F6), biological nano-fertilizer + 75 percent chemical fertilizer (F7), biological nano-fertilizer + 50 percent chemical fertilizer (F8) and biological nano-fertilizer + 25 percent chemical fertilizer (F9). The results of analysis of variance indicated that the effects of application of different chemical fertilizer levels along with biological fertilizers were significant on photosynthetic pigments and fruit performance per area. Comparison of means showed significant superiority of combination of biological and chemical fertilizers compared to separate application of these fertilizers. The highest concentration of chlorophyll a (30.66 mg/gr.fw) and leaf carotenoids (8.91 mg/gr.fw) were obtained in F3 and F4 treatments, respectively. The highest fruit yield was obtained in F4 treatment, showing an increase of 25.33 percent compared to control treatment. The effects of fertilizer treatments were highly significant on production of carnitine, so that the lowest and highest content were obtained in F3 treatment (0.93 mg/gr.dw) and F7 treatment (3.42 mg/gr.dw), respectively. Results of this research showed that application of biological fertilizers including nitroxin and fertile phosphate 2 in combination with 75 and 50 percent of chemical fertilizer had a positive effect on improvement of physiological traits and fruit performance of Karela. Therefore, instead of continuous use of fertilizers, steps could be taken towards sustainable agriculture by optimizing the use of biological inputs. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Karela (Momordica charantia L.), Biological fertilizer, Fruit, chlorophyll, carantin | ||
| مراجع | ||
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