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رابطه بین گروه‌گونه‌های اکولوژیک با شاخص‌های غیرپارامتریک تنوع زیستی و عامل‌های محیطی در ارسباران (مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبخیز ایلگنه‌چای و کلیبرچای) | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 25، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 70، دی 1396، صفحه 609-621 اصل مقاله (289.96 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2017.113858 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| الله‌وردی محمدزاده* 1؛ رضا بصیری2؛ علی‌اصغر تراهی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم‌الانبیاء(ص) بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه سنجش از دور و GIS، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف این پژوهش، طبقه‌بندی اکوسیستمی منطقه ارسباران و تعیین مهم‌ترین ویژگی‌های محیطی مؤثر در تفکیک واحدهای مذکور بود. با استفاده از شبکه آماربرداری منظم- تصادفی با ابعاد 300×300 متر، 130 قطعه‌نمونه دایره‌ای شکل به مساحت 314 متر مربع مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گونه‌های درختی و درختچه‌ای در قطعه‌نمونه اصلی اندازه‌گیری شدند. گونه، درصد تاج‌پوشش و تعداد پایه به‌عنوان معیارهای اندازه‌گیری پوشش گیاهی درنظر گرفته شدند. نوع گونه‌های علفی و درصد پوشش آن‌ها در ریزقطعه‌نمونه‌هایی به مساحت 3/14 مترمربع اندازه‌گیری شدند. در طبقه‌بندی واحدها از روش طبقه‌بندی پوشش گیاهی با به‌کارگیری تحلیل دوطرفه گونه‌های شاخص (TWINSPAN) و تحلیل تطبیقی (RA)، شش واحد تفکیک شد. تجزیه و تحلیل واحدها با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس یک‌طرفه و تحلیل تشخیص و بر اساس ویژگی‌های توپوگرافیک رویشگاه و شاخص‌های تنوع زیستی گیاهی انجام شد. بر اساس نتایج تحلیل تشخیص، دو متغیر توپوگرافی ارتفاع از سطح دریا و شیب- جهت و شاخص غنای گونه‌ای مارگالف و شاخص‌های یکنواختی اسمیث - ویلسون، شلدون و سیمپسون و شاخص‌های ناهمگنی (تنوع) سیمپسون، هیل (N1) و شانون- وینر به‌ترتیب اهمیت در توابع پنج‌گانه تشخیص قرار گرفتند که در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد معنی‌دار بودند. توابع به‌دست آمده، صحت طبقه‌بندی واحدهای اکوسیستمی را 83/8% نشان داد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که ویژگی‌های توپوگرافی نسبت به شاخص‌های تنوع زیستی از اهمیت بیشتری در الگوی پراکنش جوامع گیاهی منطقه برخوردار بودند. طبقه‌بندی اکوسیستمی هرچند که بر اساس تجزیه و تحلیل پوشش گیاهی تعیین میشود، اما می‌تواند پیش‌بینی قابل قبولی از ویژگی‌های محیطی ارائه کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تحلیل تطبیقی؛ تحلیل تشخیص؛ توپوگرافی؛ شاخص غنای گونه‌ای؛ شاخص یکنواختی؛ واحد اکوسیستمی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The relationship between ecological species groups and non-parametric indicators of biodiversity and environmental factors in Arasbaran (Case study: Ilgenechai & Kaleybarchai Watershed) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Allahverdi Mohammadzadeh1؛ Reza Basiri2؛ Ali Asghar Torahi3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student, Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Department of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Recourses, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran | ||
| 3Asistant Prof., Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The aim of this study was identification of ecosystem units in Arasbaran forests and determination of effective environmental factors and biodiversity indices on their distribution. For this purpose, 130 circular plots with an area of 314 m2 were examined in a random - systematic design with 300 × 300 m dimensions. Tree and shrub species in the original sample plots were measured. Species, canopy cover and vegetation cover were considered as basic measurement criteria. Herbaceous species were studied in micro sample plots, each 3.14 m2. Six ecological groups were classified using two-way analysis of indicator species (TWINSPAN) and comparative analysis (RA) methods. Analysis of groups was performed by applying analysis of variance and discriminant analysis based on topographic and biodiversity index. The discriminative analysis showed that altitude and gradient-direction as two topography variable, and the Margalef richness index, evenness indices of Smith - Wilson, Sheldon and Simpson, and heterogeneity (diversity) indices of Simpson, Hill (N1) and Shannon-Wiener were the five important indices which were significant (α = 0.01) which confirmed the accuracy of the classification at 83.8%. Therefore, it was concluded that topographical characteristics had more influence on the formation of ecosystem units than plant biodiversity indices. We also concluded that the ecological classification system can present a suitable prediction of environmental characteristics. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Discriminant analysis, ecosystem unit, evenness index, species richness index, topography | ||
| مراجع | ||
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