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تأثیر فصل کاشت و نوع جمعیت بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی گیاه دارویی ماریتیغال (Silybum marianum L.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 33، شماره 5 - شماره پیاپی 85، دی 1396، صفحه 754-768 اصل مقاله (1.1 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2017.106843.1807 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| خسرو عزیزی* 1؛ جمشید نظری عالم2؛ محمد فیضیان3؛ روحالله حیدری4 | ||
| 1دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکترا، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار، گروه شیمی، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی رازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ارزیابی عملکرد کمّی و کیفی جمعیتهای بومی با رقم زراعی گیاه دارویی ماریتیغال تحت تأثیر فصل کاشت پاییز و بهار در منطقه معتدل و اثر کاشت در منطقه سردسیر بر روی ویژگی جمعیتهای مختلف حائز اهمیت میباشد. از اینرو آزمایشی بهصورت کرتهای خردشده شامل فصل کاشت پاییزه و بهاره بهعنوان کرت اصلی و چهار جمعیت بومی (شوش، پلدختر، خرمآباد و الشتر) و یک رقم زراعی بهعنوان کرت فرعی به مدت دو سال (1394-1393) در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. همچنین جمعیتهای بومی و زراعی این گیاه در یک طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در منطقه سردسیر الشتر در بهار کشت و با هم مقایسه شدند. براساس نتایج بدستآمده تفاوت معنیداری بین کشت بهاره و پاییزه وجود داشت. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (107 سانتیمتر)، قطر کپه (44 میلیمتر)، تعداد دانه در کپه (78 عدد) و عملکرد دانه (1000 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کشت پاییزه بدست آمد. اثر متقابل فصل کاشت و نوع جمعیت نشان داد که بیشترین میزان ماده مؤثره سیلیمارین (۲۲ میلیگرم در گرم وزن خشک دانه) و سیلیبین (3.9 میلیگرم در گرم وزن خشک دانه) در کشت پاییزه و در رقم زراعی بدست آمد. همچنین آزمایش مقایسه جمعیتهای بومی و زراعی در منطقه سردسیر الشتر نشان داد که بیشترین میزان ماده مؤثره سیلیبین (4.2 میلیگرم در گرم وزن خشک دانه) و سیلیمارین (بیش از 21 میلیگرم در گرم وزن خشک دانه) در جمعیت بومی الشتر نسبت به سایر جمعیتها بدست آمد. بهطور کلی در این آزمایش مشخص شد که بیشترین عملکرد کمّی و کیفی گیاه دارویی ماریتیغال در منطقه معتدل خرمآباد در کاشت پاییزه بود و بیشترین میزان ماده مؤثره سیلیمارین و سیلیبین در منطقه سردسیر الشتر، در جمعیت بومی الشتر نسبت به سایر جمعیتها بدست آمد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اکوتیپ؛ سیلیبین؛ سیلیمارین؛ منطقه معتدل و سردسیر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of planting season and population type on quantitative and qualitative performance of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Kh. Azizi1؛ J. Nazari Alam2؛ Mohammad Feizian3؛ R. Heydari4 | ||
| 1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lorestan, Khorramabad, Iran | ||
| 2Ph.D. student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lorestan, Khorramabad, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lorestan | ||
| 4Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This study was aimed to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative performance of different populations of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.( under the influence of autumn and spring planting season. Therefore, a split plot experiment was conducted including autumn and spring planting as main plots and four local populations (Shush, Poldoktar, Khoram Abad and Aleshtar) and a crop cultivar as sub plots. The study was carried out in the Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, for two years 2014-2015. In addition, the native and crop populations of this species in Aleshtar were compared in a randomized complete block design. Based on the results, there was a significant difference between spring and autumn planting seasons. The highest plant height (107 cm), capitol diameter (44 mm), number of grains in capitol (78) and grain yield (1000 kg ha-1) were obtained in autumn planting. The interaction effect of planting season and population type showed that the highest content of silymarin (22 mg/g of dry weight) and silybin (3.9 mg /g of dry weight) was obtained from the crop cultivar in autumn planting. The comparison between native and crop populations in Aleshtar region showed that the highest content of silybin (4.2 mg /g of dry weight) and silymarin (more than 21 mg / g of dry weight) was recorded for native Aleshtar population compared with other populations. In general, it was determined that the highest and lowest quantitative and qualitative performance of Milk Thistle in the temperate region of Khorramabad was obtained in autumn planting, and the highest content of silymarin and silybin was recorded for the native Aleshtar population compared with other populations. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| ecotype, silybin, silymarin, temperate and cold zone | ||
| مراجع | ||
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