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بایگی, زینب, سیف زاده, سعید, شیرانی راد, امیر حسین, ولدآبادی, سید علیرضا, جعفرنژاد, احمد. (1396). بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت بر شاخص های رشد و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام گندم بهاره در نیشابور. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 30(2), 1-18. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.109088.1113
زینب بایگی; سعید سیف زاده; امیر حسین شیرانی راد; سید علیرضا ولدآبادی; احمد جعفرنژاد. "بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت بر شاخص های رشد و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام گندم بهاره در نیشابور". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 30, 2, 1396, 1-18. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.109088.1113
بایگی, زینب, سیف زاده, سعید, شیرانی راد, امیر حسین, ولدآبادی, سید علیرضا, جعفرنژاد, احمد. (1396). 'بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت بر شاخص های رشد و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام گندم بهاره در نیشابور', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 30(2), pp. 1-18. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.109088.1113
بایگی, زینب, سیف زاده, سعید, شیرانی راد, امیر حسین, ولدآبادی, سید علیرضا, جعفرنژاد, احمد. بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت بر شاخص های رشد و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام گندم بهاره در نیشابور. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1396; 30(2): 1-18. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.109088.1113

بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت بر شاخص های رشد و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام گندم بهاره در نیشابور

پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی
مقاله 1، دوره 30، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 115، تیر 1396، صفحه 1-18    اصل مقاله (675.17 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2018.109088.1113
نویسندگان
زینب بایگی* 1؛ سعید سیف زاده2؛ امیر حسین شیرانی راد3؛ سید علیرضا ولدآبادی4؛ احمد جعفرنژاد5
1دانشجوی دکترا- رشته زراعت- دانشگاه آزاد تاکستان
2استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی - گروه زراعت- دانشگاه آزاد تاکستان
3استاد موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ،کرج، ایران
4دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی- گروه زراعت- دانشگاه آزاد تاکستان
5استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی- نیشابور
چکیده
به منظور مطالعه بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت بر شاخص های رشد و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برخی ارقام گندم بهاره آزمایشی در سال 94-1393 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی نیشابور انجام شد. در این راستا شش رقم گندم چمران، پیشتاز، بهار، سیروان، سیوند و پارسی در سه تاریخ کاشت20 مهر،20 آبان و 20 آذر در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و به صورت کرت های خردشده در سه تکرار کشت شدند. تاریخ های کاشت در کرت های اصلی و ارقام گندم درکرت های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد با تاخیر در کاشت شاخص های فیزیولوژیک همچون شاخص سطح برگ، سرعت رشد محصول، وزن خشک تجمعی کاهش یافته است. اثر تاریخ کاشت در سطح 1 درصد بر عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود، و تأخیر در کاشت باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه گردید. تاریخ کاشت 20 مهر و20 آذر با میانگین 6113 و 4124 کیلوگرم در هکتاربه ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه را داشت . نتایج تجزیه همبستگی نشان داد که تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح بیشترین تأثیر را در بین اجزاء عملکرد بر عملکرد نهایی گندم داشت. همچنین بین عملکرد دانه با متوسط سرعت رشد محصول همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری مشاهده شد. نتیجه کلی نشان داد که تاریخ کاشت 20 مهر با مقدار 6113 کیلوگرم در هکتار و رقم بهار با 5391 کیلوگرم در هکتار عملکرد دانه از شاخص سطح برگ و سرعت رشد محصول بیشتری نیز برخوردار بوده است .
کلیدواژه‌ها
دما؛ سرعت رشد محصول؛ عملکرد دانه؛ گندم نان
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effects of planting date on growth indices and yield and yield components spring wheat cultivars in Neyshabur
نویسندگان [English]
zeynab baygi1؛ Saeid Saifzade Saifzade2؛ Amir Hosein Shirani Rad3؛ Seyed Alireza Valadabad4؛ Ahmad Jafarinejad5
1Department of Agronomy, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
2Department of Agronomy, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
3Professor of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran.Agriculture and Natural
4Department of Agronomy, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
5Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi
چکیده [English]
Introduction
Recognizing and evaluating the physiological parameters of crop growth, are important in the analysis of effective factors on yield and its components. With the help of these, the stages of plant growth can be evaluated and, with a brief description of growth and development, the product is evaluated (Soleymani Fard et al.,2011). The production and accumulation of dry matter can be studied through Crop Growth Rate (CGR) and Relative Growth Rate (RGR), which are two important physiological parameters (Ghiasabadi, et al., 2015). Environmental stress has a negative effect on leaf area expansion, via low leaf production rate, delayed planting, facing to extreme high and low temperatures, etc. (Karim and Siddique, 1991).Sarvada et al., (2014) reported a positive relationship between leaf area index and crop yield and biomass. They although described that physiological parameters such leaf area index and dry matter production, decreased by delayed planting. According to them, the reduction in crop yield is related to the decline in such parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate planting date for wheat and investigating the response of promising spring wheat cultivars, to climate changes in Neyshabour- Iran.
materials and ways
The experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research Station of Neyshabour during 2014-2015 growing season. A split plot experiment, based on randomized complete block design with three replications performed to investigate the effects of planting date on wheat physiological characteristics. The main plots belonged to three planting dates (October 11th, November 10th, December 10th), while subplots belonged to different spring wheat cultivars (Chamran, Pishtaz, Bahar, Sirvan, Sivand, Parsi). In order to estimating physiological characteristics, quadrat sampling was carried out with a 20×60 cm frame, at 6 growing stages: tillering, stem elongation, booting, heading, pollination and ripening. dry matter accumulation (DMA), leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR), were calculated using the following equations, based on growing degree day:
DMA(g.m-2)=exp(a+bx+cx2) (1)
LAI=(a+bx+cx2) (2)
CGR(g.m-2.10GDD-1)=(b+2cx)exp(a+bx+cx2) (3)
Yield of wheat estimated after harvesting 5.7 m2 of each plot. First rows of each plot leaved unharvest in order to minimize border effect. Random sample of plants was chosen from two middle rows (0.3 m2) to record yield components (spike per square meter, grain per spike, thousand grain weight). Harvest index calculated using yield and biomass data. Plants harvested with a combine harvester.
Results and discussion
Results of analysis showed that planting date had a significant effect on plant height, Fertile tiller per square meter, Grain per spike, grain yield and average CGR. with delay in sowing date leaf area, crop growth rate ,dry matter accumulation decreased. effect of sowing date was significant on grain yield Results of mean comparison of sowing date on grain yield showed that date of 11 October with mean 6113( kg.ha-1) had the most grain yield. The sowing date of 10 December had the least grain yield with mean of 4124( kg.ha-1). (Table 3). Analysis of grain yield correlation with its components confirmed that spike number per square meter was most correlated with grain yield (table 5). This revealed that the reduction of spikes per square meter, was the main cause of grain yield reduction in delayed planting. There was a positive correlation between grain yield and average CGR (table 5).
Conclusion
In conclusion wheat plants produced more spike numbers per square meter during longer growing seasons, which resulted in higher grain yield at Neyshabour climate. Wheat common cultivars can be cultivated in October to achieve more grain yield.



References

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Sarvade, S., Mishra, H.S., Kaushal, R., Chaturvedi, S., Tewari, S. and Jadhav, T.A. 2014. Performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop under different spacings of trees and fertilitylevels. African Journal of Agricultural Research 9: 866-873.
Soleymanifard, A., S.S. Pourdad, R.Naseri, and A. Mirzaei.2011.Effect of planting pattern on phonological characteristic and growth indices of safflower (carthamus tinctoriu L.) in rainfed conditions. Iranian Journal of crop sciences.13(2):282-298.(In Persian).
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Bread wheat, CGR, Grain yield, Temperaturet
مراجع

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