| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,952 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,275 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 43,872,864 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,379,596 |
تغییرات مکانی مقاومت کششی ریشه سرخ‌بید (Salix elburensis) در حاشیه رودخانه کارون (مطالعه موردی: دشت سوسن) | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 26، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 71، فروردین 1397، صفحه 70-80 اصل مقاله (652.4 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2018.116141 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| صغری کی‌بندری1؛ باریس مجنونیان2؛ احسان عبدی* 3؛ حامد یوسف‌زاده4؛ آزاده دلجویی5 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2استاد، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 4استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت‌مدرس، نور، ایران | ||
| 5دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جنگل داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پوشش‌های گیاهی حاشیه رودخانه‌ها با داشتن اثرات هیدرولوژیکی و مکانیکی مختلف می‌توانند عامل مهمی در بهبود ویژگی‌های پایداری خاک به‌شمار آیند. یکی از مهم‌ترین مشخصه‌های گیاه که بر پایداری و کنترل فرسایش تأثیرگذار است، مقاومت کششی ریشه گیاهان می‌باشد. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تغییرات مکانی مقاومت کششی ریشه درختان سرخ‌بید (Salix elburensis) در فاصله‌های مختلف از تنه و عمق‌های مختلف خاک در بخشی از حاشیه رودخانه کارون (دشت سوسن) بود. پنج پایه برای نمونه‌برداری سیستم ریشه به‌صورت کاملاً تصادفی انتخاب و از روش نمونه‌گیری با سیلندر از هسته‌های خاک استفاده شد. نمونه‌گیری در سه عمق مختلف، در سه فاصله افقی و در چهار سمت درخت انجام شد. درنهایت، 97 آزمایش کشش موفق بر روی نمونه‌های ریشه انجام شد. روابط بین نیروی کششی- قطر و مقاومت کششی- قطر با استفاده از مدل خطی و تعمیم‌یافته و آزمون والد- مربع کای مقایسه شد. بر اساس نتایج، در عمق‌های صفر تا 10، 20-10 و 30-20 سانتی‌متری، میانگین مقاومت کششی به‌ترتیب 57/91، 46/96 و 46/27 مگاپاسکال بود. همچنین، در فاصله‌های 0/5، 0/75 و یک متری، میانگین مقاومت کششی به‌ترتیب 29/21، 76/81 و 28/75 مگاپاسکال برآورد شد. قطر ریشه و نیروی کششی از رابطه توانی مثبت و نمایی پیروی کرده، ولی بین قطر ریشه و مقاومت کششی رابطه توانی منفی مشاهده شد. نتایج آزمون والد- مربع کای نشان داد که تفاوت معنیداری بین مقاومت کششی در سه عمق خاک و سه فاصله افقی وجود نداشت، اما قطر ریشه به‌عنوان عامل کوواریت تأثیر معنیداری بر مقاومت کششی داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| زیست‌مهندسی؛ مسلح‌سازی؛ نمونه‌برداری هسته خاک؛ نیروی کششی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessing spatial changes of roots tensile strength of Salix purpurea L. in riparian zone of Karun (Case study: Susan plain in Khuzestan province) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Soghra Keybondori1؛ Baris Majnounian2؛ Ehsan Abdi3؛ Hamed Yousefzadeh4؛ Azadeh Deljouei5 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Student, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 4Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tarbiat Modares, Noor, Iran | ||
| 5Ph.D. Student, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Vegetation in riparian areas, including trees with various hydrological and mechanical effects has an essential role in soil reinforcement. This is accomplished by increasing soil shear strength and inhibiting the higher layer of soil into the lower layers and reducing erosion by roots. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tensile strength changes of Salix purpurea L. trees in different trunk distances and soil depths. Therefore, five trees were randomly selected for root system sampling, which was done by using the soil core technique. Sampling was taken in three different depths, tree horizontal distances and in four directions of the trees. Finally, 97 successful tensile tests were performed on root samples. The relations between tensile force- diameter and tensile strength-diameter were analyzed and compered. The results showed the average of tensile strength of 57.91, 46.96 and 46.27 Mpa for depths 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm, respectively. Furthermore, the average of tensile strength was 29.18, 76.81 and 28.78 Mpa for 0.5, 0.75 and 1 m distances, respectively. Root diameter and tensile force fallowed positive power and exponential trends. However, the association between root diameter and tensile strength followed a negative power trend. Results of Wald test showed no significant difference between tensile strength of three soil depths and three horizontal distances, though root diameter as a covariate parameter with a significant effect on tensile strength. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Bioengineering, reinforcement, soil core sampling, tensile force | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Abdi, E., 2014. Effect of Oriental beech root reinforcement on slope stability (Hyrcanian forest, Iran). Journal of Forest Science, 60(4): 166-173. - Abdi, E., Majnounian, B., Rahimi, H. and Zobeiri, M., 2009. Distribution and tensile strength of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) roots growing on slopes of Caspian forests, Iran. Journal of Forestry Research, 20(2): 105-110. - Adhikari, A.R., Gautam, M.R., Yu, Z., Imada, S. and Acharya, K., 2013. Estimation of root cohesion for desert shrub species in the Lower Colorado riparian ecosystem and its potential for streambank stabilization. Ecological Engineering, 51: 33-44. - Akramian, M., Dastorani, M.T., Gangjo Berzel abad, M. and Abdi, E., 2016. Quantifining effects of diameter and density of trees roots in stabilizing river banks (Case study: Kashfroud basin). Proceedings of the 11th National Conference on Watershed Management Sciences and Engineering. Iran, 19-21 Apr. 2016: 955-962 (In Persian). - Beeden, J. and Mclvor, I., 2010. The effects of pollarding on the fine roots of willows planted for soil stabilisation on pastoral hill slopes. Report to Contributing Regional Councils and MAF Contract 23273, Wellington, New Zealand, 7p. - Bibalani, G.H., Aghajanzadeh Golshani, A. and Najafian, K.A., 2006. The traction effect of lateral roots of Gavan (Astragalus raddei) on soil reinforcement in Northwest Iran (rangelands of the Shanejan area of Shabestar). Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 86(3): 493-499. - Capilleri, P.P., Motta, E. and Raciti, E., 2016. Experimental study on native plant root tensile strength for slope stabilization. Procedia Engineering, 158: 116-121. - Chiaradia, E.A., Vergani, C. and Bischetti, G.B., 2016. Evaluation of the effects of three European forest types on slope stability by field and probabilistic analyses and their implications for forest management. Forest Ecology and Management, 370: 114-129. - Docker, B.B. and Hubble, T.C.T., 2008. Quantifying root reinforcement of river bank soils by four Australian tree species. Geomorphology, 100: 401-418. - Genet, M., Kokutse, N., Stokes, A., Fourcaud, T., Cai, X., Ji, J. and Mickovski, S., 2008. Root reinforcement in plantations of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don.: effect of tree age and stand structure on slope stability. Forest Ecology and Management, 256(8): 1517-1526. - Genet, M., Stokes, A., Salin, F.B., Mickovski, S., Fourcaud, T., Francois Dumail, J. and Van Beek, R., 2005. The influence of cellulose content on tensile strength in tree roots. Plant and Soil, 278: 1-9. - Greenway, D.R., 1987. Vegetation and Slope Stability: 187-230. In: Anderson, M.G. and Richards K.S. (Eds.). Slope Stability: Geotechnical Engineering and Geomorphology. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. New York. - Habibi Bibalani, Gh., Aghajanzadeh Golshani, A., Sobhe Zahedi, S. and Bazhrang, Z., 2009. The traction effect of lateral roots of Carpinus betulus on soil reinforcement. Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering, 1(3): 160-166 (In Persian). - Hosseini, A.R., Shafai-Bajestan, M. and Musavi, S.H., 2015. Investigation of root system of Tamarix trees in the direction of river flow, for use in slope stability. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 47(1), 41-35 (In Persian). - Hubble T.C.T., Docker, B.B. and Rutherfurd, I.D., 2010. The role of riparian trees inmaintaining riverbank stability: A review of Australian experience and practice. Ecological Engineering, 36: 292-304. - Kazemi, M., Abdi, E., Majnounian, B. and Yousefzadeh, H., 2015. The effect of Persian oak species (Quercus persica) in soil reinforcement (Case study: Tabarok, Bazoft basin). Journal of Forest and Wood Products (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources), 70(1): 31-38 (In Persian). - Lateh, H., Avani, N. and Habibi Bibalani, Gh., 2015. Tensile strength and root distribution of Acacia mangium and Macaranga tanarius at spatial cariation (Case study: East-West Highway, Malaysia). International Journal of Biosciences, 6: 18-28. - Leung, F.T., Yan, W.M., Hau, B.C. and Tham, L.G., 2015. Root systems of native shrubs and trees in Hong Kong and their effects on enhancing slope stability. Catena, 125: 102-110. - Majnounian, B., Abdi, E., Fosehat, M. and Sufi Mariv, H., 2014. Determination of biomechanical properties of Tabrizi species for use in soil biomechanics. Journal of Forest and Wood Products (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources), 67(1): 13-19 (In Persian). - Mao, Z., Saint-André, L., Genet, M., Mine, F.X., Jourdan, C., Rey, H. and Stokes, A., 2012. Engineering ecological protection against landslides in diverse mountain forests: choosing cohesion models. Ecological Engineering, 45: 55-69. - Mohammad Rad, A., Abdi, E., Majnounian, B. and Yousefzadeh, H., 2015. Effect of sharpening on tensile strength of Iranian oak tree (Case study: Dinar Kouh forests of Abdanan county). Iranian Journal of Forest, 8(3): 291-300 (In Persian). - Mohebby, A. and Mirzae, M.A., 2014. Estimation of stability and stability of the margin of Aras River with use the A-Syst style. Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering, 8(26): 21-26 (In Persian). - Naghdi, R., Maleki, S., Abdi, E., Mousavi, R., and Nikooy, M., 2013. Assessing the effect of Alnus roots on hillslope stability in order to use in soil bioengineering. Journal of Forest Science, 59(11): 417-423. - Nyambane, O.S. and Mwea, S.K., 2011, Root tensile strength of three typical plant species and their contribution to soil shear strength: a case study, Sasumua Backslope, Nyandarua District, Kenya. Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Practice, 8(1): 57-73. - Pollen, N., 2007. Temporal and spatial variability in root reinforcement of streambanks: accounting for soil shear strength and moisture. Catena, 69(3): 197-205. - Pollen-Bankhead, N., Simon, A. and Thomas, R.E., 2013. The reinforcement of soil by roots: recent advances and directions for future research. In: Shroder, J., Butler, D.R. and Hupp, C.R. (Eds.), Treatise on Geomorphology. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, Ecogeomorphology, 12: 107-124. - Polvi, L.E., Wohl, E. and Merritt, D.M., 2014. Modeling the functional influence of vegetation type on streambank cohesion. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 39(9): 1245-1258. - Shirdeli, A., Shafaee Bajestan, M. and Seyyasar, H., 2006. Investigation of root resistance of plant species used in stabilization of Sistan river banks. Proceedings of the 7th International River Engineering Conference, Iran, 13-15 Feb. 2006: 13-15 (In Persian). - Simon, A. and Collison, A.J., 2002. Quantifying the mechanical and hydrologic effects of riparian vegetation on streambank stability. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 27(5): 527-546. - Watson, A.J. and Mardern, M., 2004. Live root-wood tensile strengths of some common New Zealand indigenous and plantation tree species. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 34(3): 344-353. - Zhang, C., Chen, L., Jiang, J. and Zhou, S., 2012. Effects of gauge length and strain rate on the tensile strength of tree roots. Trees, 26(5): 1577-1584. - Zhong, R.H., He, X.B., Bao, Y.H., Tang, Q., Gao, J.Z., Yan, D.D. and Li, Y., 2016. Estimation of soil reinforcement by the roots of four post-dam prevailing grass species in the riparian zone of three Gorges Reservoir, China. Journal of Mountain Science, 13(3): 508-521. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 814 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 493 |
||