| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,086 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,441 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 48,887,278 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 79,339,410 |
ارزیابی مقاومت ژنوتیپ‌های لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) به ویروس موزائیک خیار (Cucumber mosaic virus: CMV) | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 33، شماره 3، آبان 1396، صفحه 373-399 اصل مقاله (250.9 K) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/spij.2017.116685 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سیدامین انجوی امیری1؛ محمدرضا بی‌همتا* 2؛ ساسان قاسمی3؛ محمد مجتبی کامل‌منش4؛ امین امین افضلی‌فر5 | ||
| 1گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات،دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج. | ||
| 2گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه تهران، کرج. | ||
| 3گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز. | ||
| 4، گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز. | ||
| 5گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور ارزیابی مقاومت برخی از ژنوتیپ‌های لوبیا به بیماری ویروسی موزائیک خیار (CMV) آزمایشی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شیراز انجام شد. چهل و نه ژنوتیپ مختلف لوبیا از گروه‌های لوبیا قرمز، لوبیا چیتی و لوبیا سفید در قالب طرح مربع لاتیس با دو تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. ویروس موردنظر از مزارع لوبیا سبز در شیراز جمع‌آوزی، خالص‌سازی و با آزمون الایزا تائید شد. ویروس خالص شده روی گیاهچه‌های رقم حساس لوبیا تکثیر و به صورت مکانیکی با پودر کاربوراندوم برای آلوده‌سازی ژنوتیپ‌ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. در این بررسی درصد آلودگی ظاهری، درصد آلودگی واقعی (با آزمون الایزا) و میزان کلروفیل و سطح برگ ژنوتیپ‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده از این تحقیق، ژنوتیپ‌های لوبیا قرمز کمترین مقاومت را به این بیماری نشان دادند. همبستگی بالائی بین صفات مورد ارزیابی مشاهده شد که حاکی از تأثیر مثبت ویروس بر دستگاه فتوسنتزی و متعاقب آن تأثیر غیرمستقیم بر درصد آلودگی بود. براساس واکنش به ویروس، ژنوتیپ‌ها به چهار گروه مقاوم، نیمه‌مقاوم، نیمه حساس و حساس گروه‌بندی شدند. ژنوتیپ‌های Dehghan، Cardinal، Ks 41125، Ks 21191، Ks 21414، Ks 31137 و Capsoli به ترتیب بالاترین سطح مقاومت را داشتند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| لوبیا؛ آزمون الایزا. لوبیا؛ ژنوتیپ‌ها؛ ویروس موزائیک خیار؛ آزمون الایزا | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Screening of Drought Tolerant Genotypes in Kabuli Chickpea Core Collection | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| S. A. Anjavi Amiri1؛ M. R. Bihamta2؛ S. Ghasemi3؛ M. M. Kamelmanesh4؛ A. Afzalifar5 | ||
| 1Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 3Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. | ||
| 4Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. | ||
| 5Agricultural Science Group, Payam-e-Nour University, Teran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The present study was carried out on 300 Kabuli type chickpea genotypes clustered as terminal drought tolerant in chickpea core collection of National Plant Gene Bank of Iran. Genotypes were planted in Neyshabur in two separate experiments, one as control treatment (one irrigation at flowering and one at podding stages) and the other as drought treatment (rainfed) for two consecutive cropping seasons (2012-2014) using an augment design. High variation in drought tolerane and susceptibility suggested a high genetic diversity amoung the genotypes. Biplot display of genotypes in two growing seasons showed, that in 2012-13 growing season genotypes 5212, 5375, 6072, 5211, 5856, 6223, 5233, 5989, 5384, 5445, 6193 and in 2013-14 genotypes 5724, 5443, 5712, 5905, 5911, 6223, 5458, 5468 and 5856 were the most tolerant genotypes. Landrace genotypes were generally more tolerant than tolerant check cultivars such as Jam, Arman and Azad. Genotypes 6223, 5856, 5375, 5445, 5989 and 6193 were more tolerant genotypes in two years. These results demonstrated similar behavior of landrace genotypes in two different growing seasons and the stability of these genotypes despite the difference in stress intensity and makes clear the importance of valuable national chickpea genetic resources for development of pre breeding materials. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Kabuli chickpea, core collection, landrace genotypes, drought tolerance, tolerance indices | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Akanda, A. M., Alam, N., Khair, A., and Muquit, A., 1998. Altered metabolism of tomato leaves due to Cucumber mosaic virus. Bangladesh Journal Science Research 16(1): 1-6.
Anonymous 2016. Agricultural Crops Statitics of Iran. Ministry of Agricultural Jihade, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).
Arora, R., Joshi, U. M., Gupta, P. P., and Singh. J. V. 2009. Effect of Yellow mosaic virus on pathogenesis related enzymes and chlorophyll content in mothbean (Vigna aconitifolia). Acta Phytopathologica Entomologica Hungarica 44: 49-60.
Ashraf, M., and Zafar, Z. U. 2000. Patterns of free carbohydrate and starch accumulation in leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars differing in resistance to Cotton leaf curl virus. Archive of Agronomy Soil. Sciences 45: 1-9.
Bagheri, A., Mahmodi, A., and Ghezeli, F. 2001. Common Beans: Research for Crop Improvement. Jihad-e-Daneshgahi, University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 556pp. (in Persian).
Bedbrook, J. R., and Mathews, R. E. F. 1973. Change in the flow of early products of photosynthetic carbon fixation associated with replication of TYMV. Virology 53: 84-91.
Bos, L., and Matt, D.Z. 1974. A strain of Cucumber mosaic virus, seed transmitted in beans. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 80:113-23.
Bowers, M. D., Stamp, N. E., and Collinge, S. K. 1992. Early stage of host range expansion by a specialist herbivore, Euphdryas phaeton (Nymphalidae). Ecology 73: 526-536.
Broughton, W. J., Hernandez, G., Blair, M., Beebe, S., Gepts, P., and Vanderleyden, J. 2004. Beans (Phaseolus spp.) model food legumes. Plant and Soil 252: 55-128.
Bruckart, W. L., and Lorbeer, J. W. 1976. Cucumber mosaic virus in weed hosts near commercial fields of lettuce and celery. Phytopathology 66: 253-239.
Bushra, A., Gulfishan, G., Baghel, G., Fatma, M., Akil Khan, A., and Naqvi, Q. A. 2011. Molecular detection of a virus infecting carrot and its effect on some cytological and physiological parameters. African Journal of Plant Science 5(7): 407-411.
Chiang, Y., Ge, C., Chou, X. J., Wu, C. H., and Chiang, W. L. 2002. Nucleotide sequence diversity at the methionine synthase locus in endangered Dunnia sinessis (Rubiaceae): an evaluation of the positive selection hypothesis. Molecular Biology Evolution 19: 1367-1375.
Collmer, C. W., Marston, M. F., Taylor, J. C., and Jahn, M. 2000. The I gene of bean: A dosage-dependent allele conferring extreme resistance, hypersensitivity resistance or spreading vascular necrosis in response to the potyvirus Bean common mosaic virus. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interaction 13: 1266-1270.
Davis, R. F., and Hampton, R. O. 1986. Cucumber mosaic virus isolates seed borne in Phaseolus vulgaris: serology, host pathogen relationships and seed transmission. Phytopathology 76: 999-1004.
Edwardson, J. R., and Christie, R. G. 1991. Comoviruses. Handbook of Viruses Infecting Legumes, CRC, Boca Ratin, Florida, USA. Etebarian, H. R. 2002. Diseases of Vegetables and Summer Crops and Their Control Methods. University of Tehran Publications, Tehran, Iran. 600 pp. (in Persian).
Funayama-Noguchi, S., and Terashima, I. 2006. Effects of Eupatorium yellow vein virus infection on photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and chloroplast structure in leaves of Eupatorium makinoi during leaf development. Functional Plant Biology 33: 165-175.
Gallitelli, D. 2000. The ecology of Cucumber mosaic virus and sustainable agriculture. Virus Research 71: 9-21.
Garcı´a-Arenal, F., and Palukaitis, P. 2008. Cucumber mosaic virus. In: Gar cı´a-Arenal, F., Palukaitis, P., Mahy, B. W. J., and Van Regenmortel, M. H. V. (eds). Encyclopedia of Virology, 3rd ed. Academic Press, Oxford, UK.
Gebeyehu, S., Simane, B., and Kirkby, R. 2006. Genotype cropping system interaction and climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown as sole crop and in association with maize (Zea mays L.) European Journal of Agronomy 24: 396-403.
German, T. L., Thompson, A., and Willis, D. K. 2004. State wide distribution of virus problems on processing beans. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Wisconsin Fertilizer, Aglime and Pest Management Conference, USA, 43: 291-293.
Gildow, F.E., Shah, D.A., Sackett, W.M., Betzler, T., Nault, B.A., and Fleischer, S.J. 2008. Transmission efficiency of Cucumber mosaic viruses by aphids associated with virus epidemics in snap-bean. The American Phytopathological Society 98 (11): 1233-1241.
Goncalves, M. C., Vega, J., Oliviera, J. G., and Gomes, M. H. A. 2005. Sugarcane yellow leaf virus infection leads to attentions in photosynthetic efficiency and carbohydrate accumulation in sugarcane leaves. Fitopatology 30: 10-16.
Goodman, P.J., Watson, M.A., and Hill, A.R.C. 2008. Sugar and fractosan accumulation in virus-infected plants: rapid testing by circular-paper chromatography. Annals of Applied Biology 56: 65-72. Graham, P. H., and Vance, C. P. 2003. Legumes: importance and constraints to greater use. Plant Physiology 131:872-877.
Grau, C. R., Mondjana, A., and Stevenson, W. R. 2001. Status of virus-like problems on processing snap beans in Wisconsin during 2000. In: 2001 Midwest Food Processor Association, Inc. Processing Crops Manual and Proceedings 13: 43-48.
Griffiths, P. 2007. Breeding snap bean resistant to aphid transmitted viruses. pp. 171-173. In: Proceedings of the 2007 Empire State Fruit and Vegetable EXPO, Cornell Coop. Exten., Syracuse, NY, USA.
Gupta, Y., and Chowfla, S. C. 1987. Susceptibility of French Bean to bean mosaic virus in relation to plant age, population and age of Mycus persica. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 17: 93-94.
Hall, A. E., and Loomis, R. S. 1972. An explanation for the difference in phytosynthetic capabilities of healthy and beet yellows virus-infected sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.). Plant Physiology 50: 576-580.
Hall, R. 1991. Compendium of Bean Diseases. APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Hampton, R. O., Thottapilly, G., and Rossel, H. W. 1997. Viral disease of cowpea and their control by resistance-conferring genes. pp. 159-175. In: Advanced In Cowpea Research. Co-Publication of IITA and Japan IR center for Agriculture Science, (JIRCAS). IITA, Ibadan Nigeria.
Handford, M. G., and Carr, J. P. 2007. A defect in carbohydrate metabolism amelio-rates symptom severity in virus-infected Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of General Virology, 88: 337-341.
Hemida, S. K. 2005. Effect of Bean yellow mosaic virus on physiological agricultures of Vicia faba and Phaseolus vulgaris. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 7(2): 154-157.
Hong, J. S., Ohnishi, S., Masuta, C., Choi, J. K., and Ryu, K. H. 2007. Infection of soybean by cucumber mosaic virus as determined by viral movement protein. Archive of Virology 152: 321-328.
Hull, R. 2002. Evolution of the magnitude and timing of inbreeding depression in plants. Evolution 50: 54-70.
Irwin, M. E., Ruesink, W. G., Isard, S. A., and Kampmeier, G. E. 2000. Migitation epidemics caused by non-persistently transmitted aphid-borne viruses: The role of the plant environment. Virus Research 71: 185-211.
Ittah, M. A. 2006. Relationship between yield and some yield components in cowpea varieties infected with two cowpea potyvirus. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12(1): 11-17.
Jayasena, K. W., and Randles, J. W. 1994. Patterns of spread of the non-persistently transmitted subterranean Clover red leaf virus in Vicia faba. Annals of Applied Biology 104: 249-260.
Jones, R. A. C., Coutts, B. A., Latham, L. J., and McKirdy, S. J. 2008. Cucumber mosaic virus infection of chickpea stands: temporal and spatial patterns of spread and yield limiting potential. Plant Pathology 57: 842-853.
Jones, R. A. C., and Latham, L. J. 1996. Natural resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus in lupin species. Annals of Applied Biology 129: 523-42.
Kamelmanesh, M. M. 2006. Resistance genetic and damage methods of Common bean mosaic virus (BCMV) in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Ph.D. Thesis, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (in Persia).
Kamelmanesh, M. M., Dorri, H. R., Ghasemi, S., Bihamta, M. R., and Darvish, F. 2008. Gene action for resistance to Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Iranian Journal of Filed Crops Research 6(2): 363- 370.
Kamelmanesh, M. M., Ghasemi, S., and Namayandeh, A. 2009. Path analysis between grain yield and some agronomical traits in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under control and infection condition by Common bean mosaic virus (BCMV). Phytopathology Journal 1(1): 57-70.
Kamelmanesh, M.M., Namayandeh, A., Dorri, H. R., and Bihamta, M.R. 2012. Effects on Bean common mosaic virus on seed yield, yield components and phenological phases on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under field conditions. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 28-1(1): 39-52.
Keller, P., Luttge, U., Wang, X-C., and Buttner, G., 1989. Influence of rhizomania disease on gas exchange and water relations of a susceptible and tolerant sugar beets variety. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 34: 379-392.
Koskela, T., Puustinen, S., Salonen, V., and Mutikainen, P. 2002. Resistance and tolerance in a host plant holoparastic plant interaction: genetic variation and costs. Evolution 56: 899-908.
Kostova, Z., Tsai, Y. C., and Weissman, A. M. 2007. Ubiquitin ligases, critical mediators of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Semin. Cell Biology 18: 770-779.
Larsen, R. C., Mikals, P. N., Eastwell, K. C., and Grau, C. R. 2008. A strain of Clover yellow vein virus that cause several pod necrosis diseases in snap bean. Plant Disease 92: 1026-1032.
Lindsey, D. W., and Gudauskas, R. T. 1975. Effect of Maize dwarf virus on water relation of corn. Phytopathology 65: 434-440.
Liu, J. J., and Ekramoddoullah, A. K. M. 2003. Isolation, genetic variation and expression of TIR-NBS-LRR resistance gene analogs from Western pie (Pinus monticola Dougl. Ex. D. Don.). Molecular Genetics Genomics 270: 432-441.
Marak, H. B., Biere, A., and Van Damme, J. M. M. 2002. Systemic genotype-specific induction of herbivore-deterrent iridoid glycosides in Plantago lancealata L. in response to fungal infection by Diaporthe adunca (Rob.) Niesel. Journal of Chemical Ecology 28: 2429-2448.
Mavarie, I., and Sustar-vozilic, J. 2004. Virus diseases and resistance to Bean common mosaic and Bean common mosaic necrosis potyvirus in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Acta Agriculturae Slovenica 83: 181-190.
Mehraban, A. H., Pourdavai, H., Beyzaiem, A., Mostaed, M., and Bananj, K. 2003. Genetic resources detection of bean resistance to three important viruses of bean (CMV, BYMV and BCMV). Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, pp. 516, Kermanshah, Iran. Page 516 (in Persian).
Michell, E., German, T., and Nienhuis, J. 2007. Introgression of CMV resistance into snap bean. Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative. Volume 50. The Fifth Anniversary Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative.
Milavec, M., Ravnikar, M., and Kovac, M. 2001. Peroxidases and photosynthetic pigments in susceptible potato infected with potato virus TNTY. Plant Physiology, Biochemical, 39: 891-898.
Morrison, J. A. 1996. Infection of Juncus dichotomus by the smut fungus Cintractiajunci: an experimental field test of the effects of neighboring plants, environment and host plant genotype. Journal of Ecology 84: 691-702.
Murphy, A. M., Gilliland, A., Engwong, C., West, J., Singh, D. P., and Carr J. P. 2001. Signal transduction in resistance to plant viruses. European Journal of Plant Pathology 107: 121-128.
Nadarajan, N., and Gupta, G. 2010. Role pf classical breeding improvement of pulse crops. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 1(4): 1099-1106.
Nault, B. A., Shah, A., and Taylor, A. G. 2006. Viruses and aphids everwhere in New York snap bean fileds in 2005, pp. 74-76. In: Processings of the 2006 Empire State Fruit and Vegetable EXPO, Cornell Cooperation, Extension, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Nault, B. A., Shah, D. A., Dillard, H. R., and McFaul, A. C. 2004. Seasonal and spatial dynamics of alate aphid dispersal in snap bean fields in proximity to alfalfa and implications for virus management. Environment Entomology 33: 1593-601.
Nault, B. A., and Taylor, A. G. 2003. Evaluation of seed treatment and foliar sparys to control leafhoppers and the incidence of viruses in snap bean, pp. 79-83. In: Proceeding of the 2003 New York State Vegetable Conference, Cornell Cooperation, Extension And NY State Veg. Growers Assoc., Liverpool. NY, USA.
Palukaitis, P., Roossinck, M. J., Dietzgen, R. G., and Francki, R. I. B. 1992. Cucumber mosaic virus. Advanced Virus Research 41: 281-348.
Pandey, S., and Joshi, R. D. 1989. Effect of cucumis virus-3 infection on chlorophyll content, chloroplast number and chlorophyllase activity on bitter gourd. Indian Phytopathology 42: 549-550.
Pineda, M., Soukupova, J., Matius, K., Nedbal, L., and Baron, M. 2008. Convential and combinatorial chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of tomato virus-infected plants. Photosynthetica 46: 441-451.
Pink, D. A. C. 1987. Genetic control of resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus in Cucurbita pepo. Annals of Applied Biology 111: 425-432.
Pio-Ribeiro, G., Wyatt, S. D. A, and Kuhn, C. W. 1978. Cowpea stunt: a disease caused by a synergistic interaction of two viruses. Phytopathology 68: 1260-1265.
Rist, D. L., and Lorbeer, J. W. 1991. Relationships of weed reservoirs of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV) to CMV and BBWV in commercial lettuce fields in New York. Phytopathology 81: 367-71.
Schulz, G. A., Irwin, M. E., and Goodman, R. M. 1983. Factors affecting aphid acquisition and transmission of Soybean mosaic virus. Annals of Applied Biology 103: 87-96.
Seo, Y. S., Rojas, M. R., Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. W., Jeon, J. S., Ronald, P., Lucas, W. J., and Gilbertson, R. L. 2006. A viral resistance gene from common bean functions across plant families and is up-regulated in anon-virus specific manner. Proceedings of the National Academic Science, USA 103: 11856-11861.
Shah, D. A., Dillards, H. R., Mazumdar-Leighton, S., Gonsalves, D., and Nault, B. A. 2006. Incidence spatial patterns and association among viruses in snap bean and alfalfa in New York. Plant Disease 90: 203-210.
Shakeel, M. T., Amer, M. A., Al-Saleh, M. A., Ashfaq, M., and Haq, M. I. 2016. Changes in chlorophyll, phenols, sugars and mineral contents of cucumber plants infected with Cucumber mosaic virus. Journal of Phytopathology and Pest Management 3(1): 1-11.
Simms, E. L., and Triplett, J. 1994. Costs and benefits of plant responses to diseases: resistance and tolerance. Evolution 48: 1973-1985.
Singh, B., and Usha, K. 2003. Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedling under water stress. Plant Growth Regulation 39: 137-141.
Spence, N. J., and Walkey, D. G. A. 1995. Variation for pathogenicity among isolates of Bean common mosaic virus in Africa and a reinter pretation of the genetic relationship between cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris and pathotypes of BCMV. Plant Pathology 44: 527-46.
Srivastava, A. K., Shukla A., Srivastava, G., Ansari, A., Mishra, V. A., and Tiwari, J. P. 2005. Influence of a mosaic virus on chlorophyll content on chilli (Capsicum annuum). Vegeto 18(1,2): 161-162.
Storch, R. H., and Manzer, F. E. 1985. Effect of times and date of inoculation, plant age and temperature on translocation of Potato leaf roll virus into potato tubers. Annuals Potato Journal, 62: 137-144.
Taiwo, K. A., Angersbach, A., Ade-Omowayer, B. I. O., and Knorr, D. 2001. Effects of parameters on the diffusion kinetics and some quality parameters of osmotically dehydrated apple slices. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry 49: 2804-2811.
Takahashi, H., Miller, J., Nozaki, Y., Sukamto, T. M., Shah, J., Hase, S., Ikegami, M., Ehara, Y., and Dinesh-Kumar, S. P. 2002. RCY1, an Arabidopsis thaliana RPP8/HRT family resistance gene, conferring resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus requires salicylic acid, ethylene and a novel signal transduction mechanism. Plant Journal 32: 655-67.
Thrall, P. H., Burdon, J. J., and Young, A. 2001. Variation in resistance and virulence among demes of a plant host-pathogen meta-population. Journal of Ecology 89: 736-748.
Todorovic, J., Vasic´, M., and Todorovic´, V. 2008. Dry and Spring Bean. Grafomark, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Banja Luka, Serbia and BiH.
Tomlinson, J. A., and Karter, A. L. 1970. Studies on the seed transmission of Cucumber mosaic virus in chickweed (Stellaria media) in relation to the ecology of the virus. Annals of Applied Biology 66: 381-386.
Walkey, D. 1991. Applied Plant Virology, 2nd ed. Hapman and Hall, New York, USA.
Wang, H. L., Sudarshana, M. R., Gilbertson, R. L., and Lucas, W. J. 1999. Analysis of cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of a Bean dwarf mosaic geminivirus-green fluorescent protein reporter in host and nonhost species: identification of sites of resistance. Molecular Plant Microbe Interaction 12: 345-355.
Wyman, J., and Chapman, S. 2004. Insecticide seed treatments for snap bean (http://www.soils.wisc.edu/extension/FAPM/2004proceedings/Wyman2.pdf). Yang, Y., Kim, K.S., and Anderson, E.J. 1997. Seed transmission of Cucumber mosaic virus in spinach. Phytopathology 87: 924-31.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 441 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 355 |
||