| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,049 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,082 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 46,533,261 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,581,519 |
بررسی تغییر فلور علف‌های‌هرز مزارع گندم آبی (Triticum aestivum) استان تهران طی یک دوره ده ساله (1384 تا 1394) | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 13، شماره 2، دی 1396، صفحه 157-173 اصل مقاله (1.1 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijws.2017.1302.06 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محسن خانجانی* 1؛ مهدی راستگو2؛ ابراهیم ایزدی دربندی3؛ مهدی مین باشی4 | ||
| 1گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 2گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد- مشهد | ||
| 3گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد - مشهد | ||
| 4بخش علف های هرز موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با هدف ارزیابی تغییرات فلور جوامع علف‌های‌هرز مزارع گندم آبی استان تهران طی یک دهه گذشته، مطالعه‌ای در 52 مزرعه واقع در هفت شهرستان در سال 1394صورت گرفت. فراوانی، یکنواختی، تراکم و شاخص غالبیت گونهها محاسبه شد و با شاخص‌های سال 1384 مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. در ارزیابی سال 1394، 66 گونه علفهرز متعلق به 24 خانواده گیاهی شناسایی شد که 55 گونه از آن‌ها دولپهای و سایر گونهها تک لپهای بودند؛ 10 گونه مشاهده شده در سال 1384، در ارزیابی سال 1394 از فلور مزارع حذف شده بودند و 15 گونه جدید متعلق به 11 خانواده گیاهی شناسایی شدند. چهار خانواده تاجخروس (Amaranthaceae)، خواجهباشی (Dipsacaceae)، بارهنگ (Plantaginaceae) و سیبزمینی (Solanaceae) برای اولینبار در مزارع گندم استان دیده شدند. خانواده‌های شببو (Brassicaceae)، گندمیان (Poaceae) و کاسنی (Asteraceae) جزء خانواده‌های غالب‌بودند. گونههای دو لپهای، خاکشیر معمولی (Descurania Sophia)، علف هفتبند (Polygonum aviculare)، پیچک صحرایی (Convolvulus arvensis) و شاهتره (Fumaria vaillantii)، به ترتیب با شاخص غالبیت 94/117، 82/97، 09/81 و 11/46 و گونههای تکلپهای یولاف زمستانه (Avena ludoviciana)، جودره (Hordeum spontaneum)، چچم (Lolium rigidum) و چاودار (Secale cereal)، به ترتیب با شاخص غالبیت 59/86، 94/50، 64/27 و 41/15، بیشترین شاخص غالبیت را داشتند. تفاوت شاخص غالبیت اکثریت گونهها منفی بود. نتایج ارزیابی نشان‌دهنده‌کاهش غالبیت اکثر علف‌های‌هرز و بهبود کنترل آن‌ها بود؛ هرچند در تعداد ک‌می‌از علف‌های‌هرز از قبیل خردل وحشی و بی تی راخ، افزایش شاخص غالبیت مشاهده شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تغییر فلور؛ شاخص غالبیت؛ فراوانی و تراکم | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating Weed Flora Changes in Irrigated Wheat) Triticum aestivum( Fields of Tehran Province in a Decade: 2005 to 2015 | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohsen Khanjani1؛ mehdi rastgoo2؛ Ebrahim Izadi darbandi3؛ Mehdi Minbashi4 | ||
| 1Agronomy depatmeat, Faculty of Agricultural Fredowsi University of Mashhad,Iran | ||
| 2Faculty of Agricultural Fredowsi University of Mashhad ‎Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 3Faculty of Agricultural Fredowsi University of Mashhad ‎Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 4Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract A study was conducted to assess the weed flora changes in the irrigated wheat fields during the last decade in 52 fields located in seven cities at Tehran province in 2015. The frequency, Unifromaty and dominance index of species were calculated and they were compared with the mentioned indices from 2005. In 2015, 66 species of weedsfrom 26 families were identified, of which, 55 species were broad-leaf and the others were grasss. 10 species that had been observed in 2005 had been omitted from the fields and 15 new species from 11 families were identified. Amaranthaceae, Dipsacaceae, Plantaginaceae, and Solanaceae were the four families that were for the first times observed in the fields of the province for the first times. Brassicaceae, Poaceae and Asteraceae families were dominant families in the fields. The broadleaf species of flixweed, knotweed, bindweed and fumitory with dominance indices of 117/94, 97/82, 81/09 and 46/11 and the grasss of wild oat,wild barley,annual ryegrassferalrye with dominance indices of 86/59, 50/94, 27/64 and 15/41 had the greatest dominance indices respectively. The differences of dominance index of the most species were negative. The results of study indicated the dominance reduction of the most weeds and their control improvementy although in a few number of weeds such as wild mustard and catchweed, an increase in the dominance index was observed. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Density, Dominance index, Frequency, Flora Change and Unifromaty | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Anderson, C. and Skovgaard, IM. 2009. Crop and soil factors of importance for the distribution of plant species on arable fields. J. Agri. Ecos and Envi 133, 61–67. Anderson, R. L. Stymiest, C. E. Swan, B. A and Rickertsen, J. R. 2007. Weed community response to crop rotations in western South Dakota .Weed Technol. 21, 131-135. Anonymous, 2011. Climate of tehran province. Available https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Tehran-Province. Accessed: September 6, 2011. (In Persian) Ayeneband, A. 2005. Crop rotation. Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad, Publication. Pp 195-220. Bukun, B. 2005. Weed flora changes in cotton growing areas during the last decade after irrigation of harran plain in sanliurfa, turkey. Pakistani. J. of Bot. 37: 667-672. Cimalova, S and Lososova, Z. 2009. Arable weed vegetation of the northeastern part of the Czech Republic: effects of environmental factors on species composition. Plant Ecol. 203, 45–57. Chhokar, R.S and Sharma, R. K. 2008. Multiple herbicide resistance in littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor): A threat to wheat production in India. Weed Bio& Manage 8: 112-123. Dale, M. R. T. Thomas, A. G and John, E. A. 1992. Environmental factors including management practices as correlates of weed community composition in spring seeded crops. Cana. J. of Botany 70, 1931–1939. Douglas, D.B. 1995. Influences of tillage systems on weed population dynamics and management in corn and soybean in the central USA. Crop Sci. 35: 1247-1258. Froud-Williams R. J., Chancellor, R. J., and Drennan, D. S. H. 1984.: The effects of seed burial and soil disturbance on emergence and survival of arable weed in relation to minimal cultivation. J. Applied. Col. 21: 629-641. Fryer, J. D. and Chancellor, R. J. 1970. Evidence of changing weed populations in arable land. In: Proceedings of the 10th British Weed Control Conference, Brighton, pp. 958-964. Gherekhloo, J. and Zand, E. 2009. A short review on conducted herbicide- resistance researches in Iran. Key papers of 11 Iranian crop Production & Breeding Congress, Tehran, 110-125. (In Persian with English summary). Hassannejad, S. and Porheidar Ghafarbi, S. 2013. Identification and Survey of Weeds Community Indices in Alfalfa Fields of Shabestar . Iran. J. of Agri. Scie and Styb. Proudaction. 3 (23): 71-87. Hassannejad, S., H. Alizadeh, V. Mozaffarian, M.R. Chaychi and M. Minbashi Moeini. 2009. Survey of density and abundance for barely field’s Weeds in Azerbaijan -E-shargi province. Iran. J. Weed Sci. 5: 69-90. Jamali, M. and Baghestani, M. A. 2008. Effect of chemical herbicides on wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch.) control in wheat fields of Fars province. Proceedings of the 8 Iranian Plant Protect. Cong. 25-28 August. 2008. 98 Pp. ( In Persian with English summary). Lapinsh, H. D., Korolova, V.A. J., and Berzinsh, A. 2008. Crop rotation influence on the weed incidence in cereals. Zemdirbyste Agri. 95, 433–439. Lososova, Z., Chytry, M., Cimalova, S., Kropac, Z., Otypkova, Z., Pysek, P. and Tichy, L. 2004. Weed vegetation of arable land in Central Europe: gradients of diversity and species composition. J. Veg. Sci. 15, 415–422. Lotz, L. A., S. Christensen, D. Clutier, C. F. Quiwanilie, A. Legere, C. Lemiex, A. P. Iglesias, J. Solanen, M. Sattin, L. Stiglini, and F. Tei. 1996. Prediction of competitive effects of weed on yield based on relative leaf area of weeds. Weed Res.36: 93-101. Minbashi, M., Baghestani, M. Rahimian, H. and Aleefar, M. 2009. Weed Mapping for Irrigated Wheat Fields of Tehran Province using Geographic Information System (GIS). Iran. J. weed Sci. 4: 97-118. Minbashi Moeini, M., Baghestani, M. A. and Mashhadi H. R. 2008. Introducing an abundance index for assessing weed flora in survey studies. Weed Biol& Manag. 8: 172-180. Motaghi, S. Akbari, G.A., Minbashi Moeini, M., Allahdadi, I., Zand, E. and Lotfifar, O. 2011. The Study of Dispersal of English Title Dominant Grass Weeds of Irrigated Wheat Fields of Iran and Determine the Effective Environmental Factors. Iran. J. Plant Production. 11: 13-24. Hassannejad, S., H. Alizadeh, V. Mozaffarian, M.R. Chaychi and M. Minbashi Moeini. 2009. Survey of density and abundance for barely field’s Weeds in Azerbaijan -E-shargi province. Iran. J. Weed Sci. 5: 69-90. Radosevich, S., J. Holt and C. Ghersa. 1997. Weed Ecology: Implications for Management. 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, NewYork. Paseban Zyarat, N., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Alizade, H., and Minbashi Moeini, M. 2014. Study on weed flora change of irrigated wheat fields of Salojbolagh and Shirvan counties: 2000 to 2011. Iran. J. weed Sci. 10: 107-119. Singh, A. P., Bhullar, M S., Yadav, R. and Chowdhury. 2015. Weed management in zero-till wheat. Ind. J. of weed Sci. 47: 233-239. Tarmi, S. Helenius, J and Hyvonen, T. 2009. Importance of edaphic, spatial and management factors for plant communities of field boundaries. J. Agri. Ecos and Envi 131, 201–206. Thomas, A G. 1991. Floristic composition and relative abundance of weeds in annual crops of Manitoba. Can. J. of Plant Sci. 71: 831-839. Thomas, A. G. and Dale, M. R. T. 1991a. Weed survey system used in Saskatchewan for cereal and oil seed crops. Weed Sci. 33: 34-43. Thomas, A. G. and Dale, M. R. T. 1991b. Weed Manitoba. Can. J. of Plant Sci. 71: 4,1069-1080. Thomas, AG. 1985. Weed survey system used in Saskatchewan for cereal and oilseed crops. Weed Sci. 33: 34-43. Uddin, K.M., Juraimi, A. S., Begum, M., Ismail, M. R., Rahim A. A. and Othman, R. 2009. Floristic composition of weed community in turf grass area of west peninsular Malaysia. Int.J. Agric. Biol.11: 13–20. Veisi, M., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Alizade, H., Minbashi Moeini, M. and Ovisi, M. 2014. Study on weed flora change of irrigated wheat fields of Kermanshah Province. Iran. J. weed Sci. 10: 107-119 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 625 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 659 |
||