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بررسی تنوع صفات مورفولوژیک و اسانس جمعیت‌های مختلف Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 34، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 90، مهر و آبان 1397، صفحه 579-593 اصل مقاله (715.14 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2018.116043.2201 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سمیه فکری قمی* 1؛ فاطمه سفیدکن2؛ پروین صالحی شانجانی3 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2استاد، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از مهمترین روش‌های حفظ و بقای گیاهان در طبیعت، کشت و اهلی کردن گونه‌های گیاهی و انتخاب بهترین جمعیت می‌باشد. با توجه به لزوم کشت و اهلی کردن گیاهان دارویی، در این تحقیق 22 جمعیت Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch در ایستگاه تحقیقات البرز (مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور) کاشته شده و مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. این تحقیق در قالب طرح بلوک کاملاً تصادفی در سال 94-1392 انجام شد. به‌منظور بررسی و مقایسه صفات مورفولوژیک جمعیت‌های مختلف این گیاه، در زمان 50% گلدهی، صفاتی مانند ارتفاع بوته، سطح تاج پوشش، تعداد ساقه اصلی، تعداد کلاپرک در بوته، تعداد گلچه در کلاپرک، وزن تر و خشک بوته و بازده اسانس اندازه‌گیری شد. اسانس‌گیری به روش تقطیر با آب و با دستگاه کلونجر انجام شد. تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین صفات مورد مطالعه نشان داد که تفاوت بین صفات در جمعیت‌های مختلف در سطح احتمال 1% معنی‌دار بودند. نتایج نشان داد که جمعیت سقز1 بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک بوته، تعداد کلاپرک و گلچه و میزان اسانس را داشت. همبستگی صفات مورد مطالعه با یکدیگر نیز در سطح احتمال 1% معنی‌دار بود، البته همبستگی معنی‌داری میان بازده اسانس با دیگر صفات بجز تعداد کلاپرک وجود نداشت. با استفاده از تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی، 5 مؤلفه اول 99% از کل واریانس متغیرها را توجیه کردند که صفات سطح تاج پوشش، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد ساقه، تعداد کلاپرک، وزن تر و خشک بوته با ضریب مثبت مهمترین نقش را در تبیین مؤلفه اول داشتند و 75% از واریانس متغیرها را توجیه نمودند. در تجزیه خوشه‌ای، اکسشن‌ها در 3 گروه متفاوت قرار گرفتند که اکسشن سقز1 به‌طور شاخص در خوشه جداگانه‌ای قرار گرفت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بومادران (Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch)؛ همبستگی صفات؛ تجزیه خوشه‌ای؛ اکسشن | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study of morphological characteristics and essential oil of different populations of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| S. Fekri Qomi1؛ F. Sefidkon2؛ P. Salehi Shanjani3 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Graduated, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the most important methods of conservation and survival of plants in nature is the cultivation and domestication of plant species to select the best population. According to the necessity of cultivating and domesticating medicinal plants, in this research, 22 accessions of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch were planted and evaluated in the Alborz Research Station, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. This research was performed in a randomized complete block design during 2013-2015. In order to study and compare the morphological characteristics of different accessions of this plant, the plant height, canopy cover, number of main stems, number of capitol per plant, number of florets in capitol, plant fresh and dry weight, and essential oil content were measured at 50% flowering. The extraction was carried out by water distillation method with Clevenger. Analysis of variance and mean comparison showed that the difference among the accessions was significant at 1% level. The results showed that Saqez 1 had the highest plant height, plant dry weight, number of capitol and florets and essential oil content. The correlation between the study characteristics was significant at 1% level; however, no significant correlation was found between essential oil content and other characteristics except for the number of capitol. Using the principal component analysis, the first five components explained 99% of the total variance of the variables. Canopy cover, plant height, number of stems, number of capitol, and plant fresh and dry weight, with a positive coefficient, had the most important role in explaining the first component and explained 75% of the variance of the variables. In the cluster analysis, the accessions were divided into three groups, and the Saqez1 accession was placed in a separate cluster as an indicator. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch, Correlation, analysis cluster, accession | ||
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