| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,944 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,229 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 43,866,104 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,372,350 |
ارزیابی اثرات شدت چرای دام بر ساختار و تنوع گونه‌های چوبی در جنگل تنگ دالاب ایلام | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 26، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 73، مهر 1397، صفحه 306-318 اصل مقاله (868.95 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2018.117735 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ماشاالله محمدپور1؛ محمدرضا طاطیان* 2؛ رضا تمرتاش2؛ جعفر حسین‌زاده3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری مرتع‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه مرتع‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| DOR: 98.1000/1735-0883.1397.26.306.73.3.1575.1605 تنوع زیستی و ساختار توده‌های جنگلی در پایداری و پویایی بوم‌سازگان‌های جنگلی نقش مهمی دارند، اما چرای دام می‌تواند در این پایداری اختلال ایجاد کند. پژوهش پیش‌رو با هدف ارزیابی اثرات شدت چرای دام بر تنوع و ساختار جنگل در منطقه تنگ دالاب استان ایلام اجرا شد. بر اساس تعداد دام، سه ناحیه قرق، چرای متوسط و چرای سنگین مشخص شد. در هر ناحیه سه خط‌‌نمونه به‌صورت تصادفی- منظم که بر روی هر کدام 10 قطعه‌نمونه قرار داشت، درنظر گرفته شد. در هر قطعه‌نمونه، مشخصه‌های کمی درختان و تعداد نهال‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد و شاخص‌های تنوع، غنا، یکنواختی و غالبیت با استفاده از نرم‌افزار 3.04 PAST محاسبه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که مقدار شاخص‌های غالبیت و یکنواختی در وضعیت قرق کمتر از دو وضعیت چرایی دیگر بود، اما شاخص‌های تنوع و غنا در شرایط چرای دام کمتر از وضعیت قرق بود. بررسی ساختار نشان داد که شدت چرا هم درصد حضور گونه‌ها در قطعه‌های نمونه را نسبت به منطقه قرق کاهش داد و هم بر مشخصه‌های قطر برابر سینه، ارتفاع تنه، طول تاج، متوسط قطر تاج، تعداد شاخه اصلی و زادآوری درختان بلوط ایرانی، بنه، کیکم، بادام، راناس، زالزالک و دافنه تأثیر گذاشت، به‌طوری که اغلب مشخصه‌های مورد بررسی درختان در وضعیت قرق نسبت به دو وضعیت دیگر متفاوت بود. همچنین، برای اکثر مشخصه‌ها بین وضعیت‌های چرای متوسط و شدید تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. به‌طور کلی می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که چرای دام با هر شدتی موجب اختلال در عملکرد بوم‌سازگان جنگلی می‌شود، بنابراین ضروری است که از چرای بیشتر از ظرفیت چرا در عرصه‌های جنگلی جلوگیری شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| جنگل بلوط؛ چرا؛ زاگرس؛ ویژگی‌های ساختاری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the effects of grazing intensity on the structure and diversity of woody species in the Ilam Strait Dalab forest | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mashaallah Mohammadpour1؛ Mohammad Reza Tatian2؛ Reza Tamartash2؛ Jafar Hosseinzadeh3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student of Rangeland Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Prof., Research Division of Natural Resources, Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ilam, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Biodiversity and forest stand structure play important roles in the sustainability and dynamics of forest ecosystems, but grazing of livestocks can affect on the sustainability. In order to study the effects of grazing on forest diversity and structure, this research was carried out in Dalab region of Ilam province. Based on the number of livestock, three areas including enclosure, medium grazing and heavy grazing were identified. In each area, three transects which located on each of them ten plots, were considered. In each plot, quantitative characters and number of seedlings were measured. Indices of diversity, richness, evenness and dominance were calculated using PAST 3.04 program. The results showed that the values of dominance and evenness indices in the enclosure condition status were less than two other conditions However, diversity and enrichment indices in livestock grazing conditions were less than the enclosure status. The study of structure shows that the grazing intensity has reduced the percentage of species in samples in comparison to the protected area. The intensity grazing effected on the parameters of DBH, trunk height, crown length, mean of crown diameter, number of branches and regeneration of Quercus brantii Lindl., Pistacia atlantica Desf., Acer monsopessulanum L., Amygdalus orientalis Duh., Crataegus pontica C. Koch, Cerasus microcarpa (C. A. Mey.) Boiss., and Daphne mucronata Royle. Most of this parameters studied on these trees are different from the grazing situations than the enclosure status. Because intensity grazing cause restriction the growth or deployment of young seedlings in recent years or indirectly causing soil compaction to reduce fertility and permeability of the soil and cause changes in the structure of the forest. There was no significant difference between the moderate and severe grazing conditions, and in general it can be said that grazing of livestock with any intensity would disrupt forest ecosystem performance so, it is necessary to determine the grazing capacity of livestocks and prevention of overgrazing capacity in the forests. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Grazing, oak forest, structural characteristics, Zagros | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Archer, S. and Smeins, F.E., 1991. Ecosystem-level processes: 109-139. In: Heitschmidt, R.K. and Stuth, J.W. (Eds.). Grazing Management: An Ecological Perspective. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, USA, 259p. - Bagheri, A., Ghorbani, R., Bannayan Aval, M. and Shafner, O., 2016. Study of plant species richness in habitats with different grazing intensities at Golestan National Park and surrounding area. Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology, 5(17): 51-64 (In Persian). - Bouahim, S., Rhazi, L., Amami, B., Sahib, N., Rhazi, M., Waterkeyn, A., Zouahri, A., Mesleard, F., Muller, S.D. and Grillas, P., 2010. Impact of grazing on the species richness of plant communities in Mediterranean temporary pools (western Morocco). Comptes Rendus Biologies, 333(9): 670-679. - Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Kairo, J.G., Jayatissa, L.P., Cannicci, S. and Koedam, N., 2002. An ordination study to view vegetation structure dynamics in disturbed and undisturbed mangrove forests in Kenya and Sri Lanka. Plant Ecology, 161(1): 123-135. - Fleming, G.M., Diffendorfer, J.E. and Zedler, P.H., 2009. The relative importance of disturbance and exotic-plant abundance in California coastal sage scrub. Ecological Applications, 19(8): 2210-2227. - Fotouhi, A. and Asghari, F., 2001. SPSS 8.0 Guide to Data Analysis (translation). Publication of Naghoos, Tehran, 510p (In Persian). - Gholami, P., Ghorbani, J. and Shokri, M., 2011. Changes in diversity, richness and functional groups of vegetation under different grazing intensities (Case study: Mahoor, Mamasani Rangelands, Fars province). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 18(4): 662-675 (In Persian). - Hammer, Ø. and Harper, D.A.T., 2006. Paleontological Data Analysis. Wiley-Blackwell, 368p. - Hosseinzadeh, J. and Najafifar, A., 2016. Study of association between diameter and height of trees and decline distribution in oak forest stands of Ilam province. Journal of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, 23(2): 75-87 (In Persian). - Hosseinzade, J. and Pourhashemi, M., 2017. Emergence of desiccation within Zagros forests decline. Iran Nature, 2(4): 18-21 (In Persian). - Jazirehi, M.H. and Ebrahimi Rostaghi, M., 2003. Silviculture in Zagros. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 560p (In Persian). - Jouri, M.H., Temzad, B., Shokri, M. and Banihashemi, B., 2009. Comparison of diversity and richness indices for evaluation of mountain rangeland health (Case study: rangelands of Safarood of Ramsar). Journal of Rangeland, 2(4): 344-356 (In Persian). - Kozlowski, T.T., 1999. Soil compaction and growth of woody plants. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 14(6): 596-619. - McEvoy, P.M., McAdam, J.H., Mosquera-Losada, M.R. and Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A., 2006. Tree regeneration and sapling damage of pedunculate oak Quercus robur in a grazed forest in Galicia, NW Spain: a comparison of continuous and rotational grazing systems. Agroforestry Systems, 66(2): 85-92. - Mirdavoodi, H.R., Marvi Mohadjer, M.R., Zahedi Amiri, Gh. and Etemad, V., 2013. Disturbance effects on plant diversity and invasive species in western oak communities of Iran (Case study: Dalab Forest, Ilam). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 21(1):1-16 (In Persian). - Mirdavoodi, H.R., 2014. Effect of grazing and environmental factors on the structure of Brant`s oak stands of Zagros (Case study: Dalab Park, Ilam). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 22(3): 46-472 (In Persian). - Namiranian, M. and Maleknia, R., 2008. Studying of forest stands condition with different intervention of human activity in central Zagros (Case study: Karazan, Ilam). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 61(2): 375-387 (In Persian). - Papanikolaou, A.D., Fyllas, N.M., Mazaris, A.D., Dimitrakopoulos, P.G., Kallimanis, A.S. and Pantis, J.D., 2011. Grazing effects on plant functional group diversity in Mediterranean shrublands. Biodiversity and Conservation, 20: 2831-2843. - Plieninger, T., Schaich, H. and Kizos, T., 2011. Land-use legacies in the forest structure of silvopastoral oak woodlands in the Eastern Mediterranean. Regional Environmental Change, 11(3): 603-615. - Pourhashemi M., Zandebasiri M. and Panahi P., 2014. Structural characteristics of oak coppice stands of Marivan Forests. Journal of Plant Researches (Iranian Journal of Biology), 27(5): 766-776. - Pueyo, Y., Aladosa, C.L. and Ferrer-Benimeli, C., 2006. Is the analysis of plant community structure better than common species-diversity indices for assessing the effects of livestock grazing on a Mediterranean arid ecosystem? Journal of Arid Environments, 64(4): 698-712. - Ranjbar, A., Ghahramani, L. and Pourhashemi, M., 2012. Impact assessment of pollarding on biometrical indices of Lebanon oak (Quercus libani Oliv.) in Belake Forests, Baneh. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 20(4): 578-594. - Ren, Q.J., Wu, G.L. and Ren, G.H., 2009. Effect of grazing intensity on characteristics of alpine meadow communities in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 18(5): 256-261. - Sagheb Talebi, Kh., Sajedi, T. and Pourhashemi, M., 2014. Forests of Iran: A Treasure from the Past, A Hope for the Future. Springer, 152p. - Stone, J.N. and Porte, J.L., 1998. What is forest stand structure and how to measure it? Northwest Science, 72(2): 25-26 - Vandenberghe, C., Freléchoux, F., Moravie, M.A., Gadallah, F. and Buttler, A., 2007. Short term effects of cattle browsing on tree sapling growth in mountain wooded pastures. Plant Ecology, 188(2): 253-264. - Walters, J.W., Hinds, T.E., Johnson, D.W. and Beatty, J., 1982. Effects of partial cutting on diseases, mortality, and regeneration of Rocky Mountain aspen stands. Research Paper RM-240, USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, 12p. - Wassie, A., Sterck, F.J., Teketay, D. and Bongers, F., 2009. Effect of livestock exclusion on tree regeneration in church forests of Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management, 257(3): 765-772. - Zhao, L.P., Su, J.S., Wu, G.L. and Gillet, F., 2011. Long-term effects of grazing exclusion on aboveground and belowground plant species diversity in a steppe of the Loess Plateau, China. Plant Ecology and Evolution, 144(3): 313-320. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 678 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 571 |
||