اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات285
تعداد نشریات سازمان83
تعداد شماره‌ها3,094
تعداد مقالات34,533
تعداد مشاهده مقاله49,385,716
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله79,836,177
مقصودی, محمدرضا, نجفی, نصرت اله. (1397). برخی اثرهای مصرف زیاد نانو مواد در تغذیه گیاهان. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 6(2), 179-194. doi: 10.22092/lmj.2019.118337
محمدرضا مقصودی; نصرت اله نجفی. "برخی اثرهای مصرف زیاد نانو مواد در تغذیه گیاهان". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 6, 2, 1397, 179-194. doi: 10.22092/lmj.2019.118337
مقصودی, محمدرضا, نجفی, نصرت اله. (1397). 'برخی اثرهای مصرف زیاد نانو مواد در تغذیه گیاهان', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 6(2), pp. 179-194. doi: 10.22092/lmj.2019.118337
مقصودی, محمدرضا, نجفی, نصرت اله. برخی اثرهای مصرف زیاد نانو مواد در تغذیه گیاهان. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1397; 6(2): 179-194. doi: 10.22092/lmj.2019.118337

برخی اثرهای مصرف زیاد نانو مواد در تغذیه گیاهان

مدیریت اراضی
مقاله 7، دوره 6، شماره 2، بهمن 1397، صفحه 179-194    اصل مقاله (800.04 K)
نوع مقاله: فنی ترویجی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/lmj.2019.118337
نویسندگان
محمدرضا مقصودی* 1؛ نصرت اله نجفی2
1دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
2دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
 
ورود نانوفناوری به عرصه­های مختلف علمی و صنعتی، دستاوردهای نوینی را ایجاد کرده است. این فناوری با کوچک کردن اندازه مواد موجب بروز ویژگی‌هایی از آنها می­شود که قبلاً وجود نداشت یا محسوس نبود. هرچند نانوفناوری موجب بهبود برخی ویژگی­های کودها شده است و بررسی‌های متعددی اثرهای مثبت آنها را در گیاهان مختلف گزارش کرده­اند اما باید متذکر شد که اکثر این بررسی‌ها آزمایشگاهی بوده و مدت رشد گیاهان بسیار کوتاه در نظر گرفته شده و در بسیاری از موارد نیز تنها به جوانه­زنی بذرها اکتفا شده است. به­علاوه، گزارش‌های زیادی نیز وجود دارند که پی‌آمدهای مصرف نانومواد را در گیاهان نشان می­دهند. برای مثال، نانوذرات عناصری همچون آلومینیم، آهن، روی، تیتانیم، نیکل و نقره، نانوذرات هیدورکسی آپاتیت و نانو لوله­های کربنی در گیاهان پیاز، ماش، چچم، برنج، لوبیا، ذرت، خیار، سورگوم و گوجه­فرنگی موجب کاهش رشد شده است. بنابراین، لازم است قبل از استفاده از نانومواد به‌عنوان کود، پژوهش‌های کاملی از تعامل آنها با گیاهان و سرنوشت نهایی این مواد در گیاه و زنجیره غذایی انجام شود. از طرف دیگر، چون گیاهان در ابتدای زنجیره غذایی قرار دارند ورود و تجمع نانومواد به داخل آنها، می­تواند موجب ورود نانومواد به زنجیره غذایی شده و نانومواد را به سطوح بالاتر این زنجیره و به‌ویژه انسان­ها انتقال دهد. این مقاله به بررسی اثر غلظت­های زیاد نانومواد بر رشد برخی گیاهان، آسیب­های ناشی از آنها و نیز توان جذب و انباشتگی نانوذرات توسط گیاهان می­پردازد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تغذیه گیاه؛ زنجیره غذایی؛ نانوفناوری؛ نانوکو
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effects of Nanomaterial Overdose in Plant Nutrition
نویسندگان [English]
mohammadreza maghsoudi1؛ nosratollah najafi2
1PhD Student, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]
 
The advent of nanotechnology has led to new achievements in the different fields of science and technology. The minified size of materials under this technology discloses certain novel or hitherto ignored features and properties of these materials. It is true that nanotechnology has helped enhance certain features of fertilizers as evidenced by a number of studies reporting their positive effects on different plants. However, it should be noted that most of these studies were performed under laboratory conditions and considered only short periods of plant life, in many cases only up to germination. This is while there are many reports showing the adverse consequences of using nano-materials. For example, nanoparticles of aluminum, iron, zinc, titanium, nickel, and silver or hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes have caused reduced growth in onions, vetch, rye, rice, beans, corn, cucumber, sorghum, and tomato plants. These inconsistent reports call for exhaustive investigations to determine the interactions between nano-materials and plants and their final fate in the plant and food chain before they can be used as fertilizers. Since plants stand at the beginning of the food chain, introduction and accumulation of nano-materials inside them might help transfer these materials to higher levels of the chain to end up in the human body. This paper studies the effects of high concentrations of nano-materials on plant growth in certain species, the associated damages, and the uptake and accumulation of nanoparticles in plant.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Food chain, Nano-fertilizer, Nanotechnology, Plant nutrition
مراجع
  1. بازرگان، ک؛ م، متین­فر؛ ح ع، حسین­زاده؛ م ح، داودی. 1391. ضرورت تدوین «قانون کود» و «استانداردهای ملی» در راستای ساماندهی مدیریت امرو کود در ایران. مجله پژوهش­های خاک، شماره 26: 225-219.
  2. Akerman, M.E., W.C. Chan, P. Laakkonen, S.N. Bhatia, E. Ruoslahti. 2002. Nanocrystal targeting in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 20:12617–12621.
  3. Ali, H., E. Khan, M.A. Sajad. 2013. Phytoremediation of heavy metals--concepts and applications.  Chemosphere. 7: 869–881.
  4. Amenta, V., K. Aschberger , M. Arena, H. Bouwmeester, F. B. Moniz, P. Brandhoff, S. Gottardo, H. J. P. Marvin, A. Mech, L. Q. Pesudo, H. Rauscher, R. Schoonjans, M. V. Vettori, S. Weigel, and R. J. Peters. 2015. Regulatory aspects of nanotechnology in the agri/feed/food sector in EU and non-EU countries. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 73:463-476.
  5. Anderson, A., J. McLean, P. McManus, and D. Britt. 2017. Soil chemistry influences the phytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles. International Journal of Nanotechnology. 14:15-21.
  6. Andrade, S.A.L., P.L. Gratao, M.A. Schiavinato, A.P.D. Silveira, R.A. Azevedo, P. Mazzafera. 2009. Zn uptake, physiological response and stress attenuation in mycorrhizal jack bean growing in soil with increasing Zn concentrations. Chemosphere. 10:1363–1370.
  7. Andrade, S.A.L., P.L. Gratao, R.A. Azevedo, A.P.D. Silveira, M.A. Schiavinato, P. Mazzafera. 2010. Biochemical and physiological changes in jack bean under mycorrhizal symbiosis growing in soil with increasing Cu concentrations.  Environmental and Experimental Botany. 68:198–207.
  8. Andre Nel, T., L. Madler, L. Ning. 2006. Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel. Science. 5761:622–627.
  9. Asli, S., P.M. Neumann. 2009. Colloidal suspensions of clay or titanium dioxide nanoparticles can inhibit leaf growth and transpiration via physical effects on root water transport. Plant Cell Environment. 32:577–584
  10. Atha, D.H., H. Wang, E.J. Petersen, D. Cleveland, R.D. Holbrook, P. Jaruga, M. Dizdaroglu, B. Xing, and B.C. Nelson. 2012. Copper oxide nanoparticle mediated DNA damage in terrestrial plant models. Environmental Science & Technology. 46:1819-1827.
  11. Bakshi, M., H.B. Singh, P.C. Abhilash. 2014. Unseen impact of nanoparticles: more or less? Current Science. 106:350-352.
  12. Barrena, R., E. Casals, J. Colon, X. Font, A. Sanchez, V. Puntes. 2009.  Evaluation of the ecotoxicity of model nanoparticles. Chemosphere.75:850–857.
  13. Bouwmeester, H., S. Dekkers, M.Y. Noordam, W.I. Hagens, A.S. Bulder, C. de Heer, S.E. ten Voorde, S.W. Wijnhoven, H.J. Marvin, A.J. Sips. 2009. Review of health safety aspects of nanotechnologies in food production. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 53:52–62.
  14. Brunner, T.J., P. Wick, P. Manser, P. Spohn, R.N. Grass, L.K. Limbach, A. Bruinink, W.J. Stark. 2006. In vitro cytotoxicity of oxide nanoparticles: comparison to asbestos, silica, and the effect of particle solubility. Environmental Science & Technology. 40: 4374–4381.
  15. Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska, G., M. Asztemborska, R. Stęborowski, H. Polkowska-Motrenko, B. Danko, J. Ryniewicz. 2012. Application of neutron activaton for investigation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles accumulation by plants.  Nukleonika 57:427–430.
  16. Canas, J.E., M. Long, S. Nations, R. Vadan, L. Dai, M. Luo, R. Ambikapathi E.H. Lee, D. Olszyk. 2008. Effects of functionalized and nonfunctionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes on root elongation of select crop species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 27:1922–1931.
  17. Capaldi Arruda, S. C., A. L. Diniz Silva, R. M. Galazzi, R. Antunes Azevedo, M. A. Zezzi Arruda. 2015. Nanoparticles applied to plant science: A review. Talanta. 131: 693–705.
  18. Chahal, A.S., A.R. Madgulkar, S.J. Kshirsagar, M.R. Bhalekar, A. Dikpati, P. Gawli. 2012. Amorphous nanoparticles for solubility enhancement. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology and Research. 2:167–178.
  19. Chen, G., C. Ma, A. Mukherjee, C. Musante, J. Zhang, J.C. White, D. O.P., and B. Xing. 2016. Tannic acid alleviates bulk and nanoparticle Nd2O3 toxicity in pumpkin: a physiological and molecular response. Nanotoxicology. 10:1243-1253.
  20. Clement, L., C. Hure, N. Marmier. 2013. Toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles to cladocerans, algae, rotifers and plants - effects of size and crystalline structure. Chemosphere. 90:1083–1090.
  21. Da Costa, M.V.J., and P.K. Sharma. 2016. Effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on growth, morphology, photosynthesis, and antioxidant response in Oryza sativa. Photosynthetica. 54:110-119.
  22. Dimkpa, C.O., J.E. McLean, D.E. Latta, E. Manangon, D.W. Britt, W.P. Johnson, M.I. Boyanov, A.J. Anderson. 2012. CuO and ZnO nanoparticles: Phytotoxicity, metalspeciation, and induction of oxidative stressin sand-grown wheat.  Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 14:1125–1139.
  23. Ebbs, S.D., S.J. Bradfield, P. Kumar, J.C. White, C. Musante, and X. Ma. 2016. Accumulation of zinc, copper, or cerium in carrot (Daucus carota) exposed to metal oxide nanoparticles and metal ions. Environmental Science: Nano. 3:114-126.
  24. Faisal, M., Q. Saquib, A.A. Alatar, A.A. Al-Khedhairy, A.K. Hegazy, J. Musarrat. 2013. Phytotoxic hazards of NiO-nanoparticles in tomato: a study on mechanism of cell death.  Journal of Hazardous Materials. 250:318–332.
  25. Feng, Y., X. Cui, S. He, G. Dong, M. Chen, J. Wang, and X. Lin. 2013. The role of metal nanoparticles in influencing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi effects on plant growth. Environmental Science & Technology. 47:9496-9504.
  26. Gagne, F., C. Andre, R. Skirrow, M. Gelinas, J. Auclair, G. van Aggelen, P. Turcotte, C. Gagnon. 2012. Toxicity of silver nanoparticles to rainbow trout: a toxicogenomic approach. Chemosphere. 89:615–622.
  27. Gao, J., G. Xu, H. Qian, P. Liu, P. Zhao, Y. Hu. 2013. Effects of nano-TiO2 on photosynthetic characteristics of Ulmus elongata seedlings. Environmental Pollution. 176:63-70.
  28. Garcia-Gomez, C., M. Babin, A. Obrador, J. Alvarez, and M. Fernandez. 2015. Integrating ecotoxicity and chemical approaches to compare the effects of ZnO nanoparticles, ZnO bulk, and ZnCl2 on plants and microorganisms in a natural soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 22:16803-16813.
  29. Gardea-Torresdey, J.L., C.M. Rico, J.C. White. 2014. Trophic transfer, transformation, and impact of engineered nanomaterials in terrestrial environments.  Environmental Science & Technology. 48:2526–2540.
  30. Geisler-Lee, J., Q. Wang, Y. Yao, W. Zhang, M. Geisler, K. Li, Y. Huang, Y. Chen, A. Kolmakov, and X. Ma. 2013. Phytotoxicity, accumulation and transport of silver nanoparticles by Arabidopsis thaliana. Nanotoxicology. 7:323-337.
  31. Gratao, P.L., A. Polle, P.J. Lea, R.A. Azevedo. 2005. Making the life of heavy metal-stressed plants a little easier. Functional Plant Biology. 32:481–494.
  32. Gratão, P.L., C.C. Monteiro, R.F. Carvalho, T. Tezotto, F.A. Piotto, L.E.P. Peres R.A. Azevedo. 2012. Biochemical dissection of diageotropica and Never ripe tomato mutants to Cd-stressful conditions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 56:79–96.
  33. Gubbins, E.J., L.C. Batty, J.R. Lead. 2011. Phytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles to Lemna minor L. Environmental Pollution. 159:1551–1559.
  34. Hoshino, A., K. Fujioka, T. Oku, S. Nakamura, M. Suga, Y. Yamaguchi, K. Suzuki, M. Yasuhara. 2004. Quantum Dots Targeted to the Assigned Organelle in Living Cells. Microbiology and Immunology. 48:985–994.
  35. Jacob, D.L., J.D. Borchardt, L. Navaratnam, M.L. Otte, A.N. Bezbaruah. 2013. Uptake and translocation of Ti from nanoparticles in crops and wetland plants.  International Journal of Phytoremediation. 15:142–153.
  36. Jain, N., A. Bhargava, V. Pareek, M.S. Akhtar, and J. Panwar. 2017. Does seed size and surface anatomy play role in combating phytotoxicity of nanoparticles? Ecotoxicology. 26:238–249.
  37. Jeyasubramanian, K., U.U.G. Thoppey, G.S. Hikku, N. Selvakumar, A. Subramania, and K. Krishnamoorthy. 2016. Enhancement in growth rate and productivity of spinach grown in hydroponics with iron oxide nanoparticles. RSC Advances. 6:15451-15459.
  38. Jiang, H., J.K. Liu, J.D. Wang, Y. Lu, M. Zhang, X.H. Yang, D.J. Hong. 2014. The biotoxicity of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to the plant growth. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 270:71–81.
  39. Khot, L.R., S. Sankaran, J.M. Maja, R. Ehsani, E.W. Schuster. 2012. Applications of nanomaterials in agricultural production and crop protection: a review. Crop Protection. 35:64–70.
  40. Kumari, M., S.S. Khan, S. Pakrashi, A. Mukherjee, N. Chandrasekaran. 2011. Cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on root cells of Allium cepa.  Journal of Hazardous Materials. 190:613–621.
  41. Larue, C., J. Laurette, N. Herlin-Boime, H. Khodja, B. Fayard, A.M. Flank, F. Brisset, M. Carriere. 2012. Accumulation, translocation and impact of TiO2 nanoparticles in wheat (Triticum aestivum spp.): influence of diameter and crystal phase. Science of the Total Environment. 431:197–208.
  42. Le Van, N., C.X. Ma, J.Y. Shang, Y.K. Rui, S.T. Liu, and B.S. Xing. 2016. Effects of CuO nanoparticles on insecticidal activity and phytotoxicity in conventional and transgenic cotton. Chemosphere. 144:661-670.
  43. Lee, W.M., J.I. Kwak, Y.J. An. 2012. Effect of silver nanoparticles in crop plants Phaseolus radiatus and Sorghum bicolor: Media effect on phytotoxicity. Chemosphere. 86:491–499.
  44. Lin, D., B. Xing. 2007. Phytotoxicity of nanoparticles: inhibition of seed germination and root growth. Environmental Pollution. 150:243–250.
  45. Lin, D., B. Xing. 2008. Root Uptake and Phytotoxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles.  Environmental Science & Technology. 42:5580–5585.
  46. Liu, R., R. Lal. 2014. Synthetic apatite nanoparticles as a phosphorus fertilizer for soybean (Glycine max). Scientific Reports. 4:5686–5691.
  47. Ma, X., J.G. Lee, Y. Deng, A. Kolmakov. 2010. Interactions between engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) and plants: phytotoxicity, uptake and accumulation. Science of the Total Environment. 408:3053–3061.
  48. Mastronardi, E., P. Tsae, X. Zhang, C. Monreal, M. C. DeRosa. 2015. Strategic Role of Nanotechnology in Fertilizers: Potential and Limitations. Nanotechnologies in Food and Agriculture. Rai, M., N. Duran, C. Ribeiro, L. Mattoso. Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London. Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
  49. Maynard, A.D., R.J. Aitken, T. Butz, V. Colvin, K. Donaldson, G. Oberdorster M.A. Philbert, J. Ryan, A. Seaton, V. Stone, S.S. Tinkle, L. Tran, N.J. Walker D.B. Warheit. 2006. Safe handling of nanotechnology.  Nature 444:267–269.
  50. Melo, L.C.A., L.R.F. Alleoni, G. Carvalho, R.A. Azevedo. 2011. Cadmium- and barium-toxicity effects on growth and antioxidant capacity of soybean (Glycine max L.) plants, grown in two soil types with different physicochemical properties. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 174:847–859.
  51. Meng, H., T. Xia, S. George, A.E. Nel. 2009. A predictive toxicological paradigm for the safety assessment of nanomaterials. ACS Nano. 3:1620–1627.
  52. Mirzajani, F., H. Askari, S. Hamzelou, M. Farzaneh, A. Ghassempour. 2013. Effect of silver nanoparticles on Oryza sativa L. and its rhizosphere bacteria. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 88: 48–54.
  53. Nair, P.M.G., and I.M. Chung. 2015. Study on the correlation between copper oxide nanoparticles induced growth suppression and enhanced lignification in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 113:302-313.
  54. Pokhrel, L.R., and B. Dubey. 2013. Evaluation of developmental responses of two crop plants exposed to silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Science of the Total Environment. 452:321-332.
  55. Racuciu, M., D.E. Creanga. 2007. TMA-OH coated magnetic nanoparticles internalized in vegetal tissue. Romanian Journal of Physics. 52:395–402.
  56. Raliya, R., R. Nair, S. Chavalmane, W.N. Wang, and P. Biswas. 2015. Mechanistic evaluation of translocation and physiological impact of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant. Metallomics. 7:1584-1594.
  57. Rico, C.M., J. Hong, M.I. Morales, L. Zhao, A.C. Barrios, J.Y. Zhang, J.R. Peralta-Videa, and J.L. Gardea-Torresdey. 2013. Effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on rice: a study involving the antioxidant defense system and in vivo fluorescence imaging. Environmental Science & Technology. 47:5635-5642.
  58. Servin, A., W. Elmer,  A. Mukherjee, R. De la Torre-Roche, H, Hamdi, J. C. White, P. Bindraban, C. Dimkpa. 2015. A review of the use of engineered nanomaterials to suppress plant disease and enhance crop yield. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 17:1-21.
  59. Servin, A.D., M.I. Morales, H. Castillo-Michel, J.A. Hernandez-Viezcas, B. Munoz, L. Zhao, J.E. Nunez, J.R. Peralta-Videa, J.L. Gardea-Torresdey. 2013. Synchrotron verification of TiO2 accumulation in cucumber fruit: a possible pathway of TiO2 nanoparticle transfer from soil into the food chain.  Environmental Science & Technology. 47: 11592–11598.
  60. Slomberg, D.L., and M.H. Schoenfisch. 2012. Silica nanoparticle phytotoxicity to Arabidopsisthaliana. Environmental Science & Technology. 46:10247-10254.
  61. Soares, C., S. Branco-Neves, A.d. Sousa, M. Azenha, A. Cunha, R. Pereira, and F. Fidalgo. 2018. SiO2 nanomaterial as a tool to improve Hordeum vulgare L. tolerance to nano-NiO stress. Science of the Total Environment. 622:517–525.
  62. Solanki P., A. Bhargava, H. Chhipa, N. Jain, J. Panwar. 2015. Nano-fertilizers and Their Smart Delivery System. Nanotechnologies in Food and Agriculture. Rai, M., N. Duran, C. Ribeiro, L. Mattoso. Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London. Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
  63. Song, U., H. Jun, B. Waldman, J. Roh, Y. Kim, J. Yi, E.J. Lee. 2013. Functional analyses of nanoparticle toxicity: A comparative study of the effects of TiO2 and Ag on tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 93:60–67.
  64. Souza, L.A., F.A. Piotto, R.C. Nogueirol, R.A. Azevedo. 2013. Use of non-hyperaccumulator plant species for the phytoextraction of heavy metals using chelating agents.  Scientia Agricola. 70:290–295.
  65. Stampoulis, D., S.K. Sinha, and J.C. White. 2009. Assay-dependent phytotoxicity of nanoparticles to plants. Environmental Science & Technology. 43:9473-9479.
  66. Suzuki, K.G.N., T.K. Fujiwara, M. Edidin, A. Kusumi. 2007. Dynamic recruitment of phospholipase Cγ at transiently immobilized GPI-anchored receptor clusters induces IP3–Ca2+ signaling: single-molecule tracking study 2.  Journal of Cell Biology. 177:731–742.
  67. Wang, F.Y., X.Q. Liu, Z.Y. Shi, R.J. Tong, C.A. Adams, and X.J. Shi. 2016. Arbuscular mycorrhizae alleviate negative effects of zinc oxide nanoparticle and zinc accumulation in maize plants - a soil microcosm experiment. Chemosphere. 147:88-97.
  68. Wang, S.L., H.Z. Liu, Y.X. Zhang, and H. Xin. 2015. The effect of CuO NPs on reactive oxygen species and cell cycle gene expression in roots of rice. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 34:554-561.
  69. Watson, J.L., T. Fang, C.O. Dimkpa, D.W. Britt, J.E. McLean, A. Jacobson, and A.J. Anderson. 2015. The phytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles on wheat varies with soil properties. Biometals. 28:101-112.
  70. Xia, T., N. Li, A.E. Nel. 2009. Potential health impact of nanoparticles. Annual Review of Public Health. 30:137–150.
  71. Yang, J., W. Caob, and Y. Rui. 2017. Interactions between nanoparticles and plants: phytotoxicity and defense mechanisms. Journal of Plant Interactions. 12:158–169.
  72. Yang, L., D.J. Watts. 2005. Particle surface characteristics may play an important role in phytotoxicity of alumina nanoparticles. Toxicology Letters. 158:122–132.
  73. Yang, Z., J. Chen, R.Z. Dou, X. Gao, C.B. Mao, and L. Wang. 2015. Assessment of the phytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles on two crop plants, maize (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 12:15100-15109.
  74. Yi, H., Z. Meng. 2003. Genotoxicity of hydrated sulfur dioxide on root tips of Allium sativum and Vicia faba.  Mutation Research. 537:109–114.
  75. Ying, J. 2001.  Nanostructured Materials, Elsevier, California.
  76. Zhao, L., J.A. Hernandez-Viezcas, J.R. Peralta-Videa, S. Bandyopadhyay, B. Peng, B. Munoz, A.A. Kellerce, J.L. Gardea-Torresdey. 2013. ZnO nanoparticle fate in soil and zinc bioaccumulation in corn plants (Zea mays) influenced by alginate.  Environmental Science. 15:260–266.
  77. Zhou, G., J.F. Pereira, E. Delhaize, M. Zhou, J.V. Magalhaes, P.R. Ryan. 2014. Enhancing the aluminium tolerance of barley by expressing the citrate transporter genes SbMATE and FRD3. Journal of Experimental Botany. 65:2381-2390.
  78. Zhu, H., J. Han, J.Q. Xiao, Y. Jin. 2008. Uptake, translocation, and accumulation of manufactured iron oxide nanoparticles by pumpkin plants.  Journal of Environmental Monitoring. 10:713–717.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 756
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 610


counter
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. طراحی و پیاده سازی از سیناوب