Related Links
Effect of alkyl ketene dimers (AKD) sizing on the properties of pulp and paper made from recycled fibers | ||
| تحقیقات علوم چوب و کاغذ ایران | ||
| Article 117, Volume 34, Issue 1 - Serial Number 66, April 2019, Pages 112-123 PDF (754.83 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/ijwpr.2019.123905.1502 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Zohreh Taheri1; Hamidreza Rodi* 2; Hossein Jalali-Torshizi3; Reza Shidpour4 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Student, Department of Biorefinery engineering, Faculty of New Technologies and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab, Mazandaran, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Prof., Department of Biorefinery engineering, Faculty of New Technologies and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab, Mazandaran, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Prof., Department of Biorefinery engineering, Faculty of New Technologies and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab, Mazandaran, Iran | ||
| 4Assistant Prof., Department of Materials Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| DOR:98.1000/1735-0913.1398.34.112.66.1.1578.1610 Nowadays, the barrier property against water take up of different packaging papers which mostly prepared from recycled fibers is of highly significance for paper manufacturers. In current study, the effect of AKD sizing agent has been examined on the properties of papers made from recycled fibers of Atrak pulp and paper industries. Sizing of pulp suspension using AKD was conducted at levels of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 % based on oven dry (OD) pulp in neutral pH (7), according to the TAPPI standard methods. Then, by preparation of handsheets with basis weight of about 60±3 g/m2, their Cobb test (60 second) and different characteristics were evaluated. According to the statistical analysis of the results, up to 1 % AKD consumption amount based on OD pulp exhibited for optimum level in internal sizing of these recycled fibers. In such AKD level, water take up of size-free papers revealed 174±7.4 g/m2, decreased to the value of about 24±1.7 g/m2 in AKD-treated papers. Further, contact angle of water droplet with the paper surface increased from 35.2º to 109.1º. Applying 1 % of AKD, paper tensile index increased to 33.2±1.01 N.m/g by 2.4 unit compared to the base paper. Apparently, such phenomena can be attributed to the AKD potential in creating hydrogen bonds which concurrent to the development of paper water repellency, resulted in improving bonding-ability of paper network. Additionally, AKD treatment led to in meaningful increase of paper opacity. This can also be attributed to the increase in filler retention in fibers network, which influences the development of light scattering from the paper surface. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| AKD; recycled fibers; pulp; tensile index; Contact angle | ||
| References | ||
|
- Ahmad, S., Sharma, R., Raj, K., Mediratta, R., Prasad, K. and Ashok, K., 2007. Alkaline Sizing (AKD) With GCC Filler: Our Experience. TAPPI Journal, 19(4): 123-127.
- Arcudi, F., Cavallaro, G., Lazzara, G., Massaro, M., Milioto, S., Noto, R. and Riela, S., 2014. Selective functionalization of halloysite cavity by click reaction: structured filler for enhancing mechanical properties of bionanocomposite films. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 118(27): 15095-15101.
- Avitsland, G.A. and Wagberg, L., 2005. Flow resistance of wet and dry sheets used for preparation of liquid packaging board, Nordic pulp and paper research journal, 20(3): 345-353.
- Avitsland, G.A., Sterner, M., Wagberg, L. and Odberg, L., 2006. AKD sizing of TCF and ECF bleached Birch pulp characterized by peroxide edge wicking index. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 21(2): 237-244.
- Bildik, A.E., Hubbe, M.A. and Gurboy, K.B., 2016. Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) Sizing Treatment and Charge Interactions in Recycled Paper. Appita Journal, 69(4):331-338.
- Ellis, R.L. and Sendlachek, K.M., 1993. Recycled versus virgin-fiber characteristics: A comparison in Secondary Fiber Recycling. R. J. Spangenberg (Ed.). TAPPI Press, Atlanta, Georgia, 619p.
- Elyasi, Bakhtyari, S., Jalali Torshizi, H. and Resalati, H., 2016. Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) Sizing of Recycled-Virgin Cardboard with Engineered Heterogeneous Layers under Neutral and Alkaline Condition. J. of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, 23(1):1-19.
- Elyasi, S., Jalali Torshizi, H. and Resalati, H., 2016. Effect of Alum Consumption Levels in Alum-Rosin Sizing on Multilayered Paperboard Properties. Journal of Forest and Wood Product, 14(69): 375-385.
- Guo, F., Wen, Q., Peng, Y. and Guo, Z., 2017. Multifunctional hollow superhydrophobic SiO2 microspheres with robust and self-cleaning and separation of oil/water emulsions properties. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 494: 54-63.
- Hamzeh, Y. and Rostampour Haftkhani, A., 2008. Principales of Pepermaking Chemistry. University of Tehran press, 424p. (In Persian).
- Hamzeh, Y., Ekhtera, M.H., Abdolkhani, A., Izadyar, S. and Pourtahmasi, K., 2008. Sizing Mechanism of Recycled Test Liner Using Poly Aluminum Chloride and Rosin under Neutral Condition. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 23(1): 40-49.
- Hubbe, M.A., 2006. Paper’s resistance to wetting – A review of internal sizing chemicals and their effects. BioResources, 2(1):106–145.
- Hubbe, M.A., Venditti, R.A. and Rojas, J.O., 2007. What happens to cellulosic fibers during papermaking and recycling? A Review. BioResources, 2(4): 739-788.
- Isogai, A., Kitaoka, C. and Onabe, F., 1997. Effects of Carboxyl Groups in Pulp on Retention of Alkyl ketene Dimer. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science,23(5): 215-219.
- Jalali Torshizi, H., Mirshokraie, S.A., Faezipour, M., Hamzeh, Y. and Resalati, H., 2010. Application of galbanum gum (ferula gummosa) polysaccharide as a natural polymer to improve dry strength properties of recycled papers obtained from old corrugated cartons. Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 23(4): 345-353.
- Janzadeh, H., Hedjazi, S., Yousefi, H., Mahdavi, S. and Abdolkhani, A., 2014. The effect of using cellulose nanofibers and cationic starch on the properties of soda-AQ pulp from rice straw. Journal of Forest and Wood Products, 67(1): 105-117.
- Karademur, A., 2002. Quantitative determination of AKD retention in paper made on a pilot paper machine. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and forestry, 26: 253-260.
- Khosravani, A. and Rahmaninia, M., 2012. Paper recycling, an old but still effective solution. Lignocellulose Journal, 1(3): 164-165.
- Lindstrom, T. and Eklund, D., 1991. Water Penetration and Internal Sizing. Chapter VIII in Paper Chemistry: an Introduction, DT Paper Science Publication, 305: 192-222.
- Naijian, F., Resalati, H., Rudi, H., Jalali-Torshizi, H. and Pirmoradian, K.,2017. Effect of alum-cationic rosin consumption level on the properties of papers made from recycled white sheets trimmings. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 32(2): 238-250.
- Rudi, H.R., Borhani, A. and Hamzeh, Y., 2016. Effect of modified layering treatment on the properties of papers made from recycled fibers. Journal of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, 23 (3): 107-124.
- Seppanen, R., 2007. On the internal sizing mechanisms of paper with AKD and ASA to surface chemistry, wettability and friction. Dissertation. KTH, Royal Institute of Technology. Stockholm. Sweden.
- Si, Y. and Guo, Z., 2016. Eco-friendly functionalized superhydrophobic recycled paper with enhanced flame-retardancy. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 477: 74-82.
- Todorova, D., Bencheva, S., Todorova, K. and Tosunov, R., 2008. Influence of the Alkyl Ketene Dimmer (AKD) sizing on the furnish behavior and paper properties. Journal of University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 43(4): 388-393.
- Wen, Q., Guo, F., Yang, F. and Guo, Z., 2017. Green fabrication of coloured superhydrophobic paper from native cotton cellulose. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 497: 284-289.
- Wen, Z.G., Xu, C. and Zhang, X.Y., 2015. Integrated control of emission reductions, energy saving, and cost–benefit using a multi-objective optimization technique in the pulp and paper industry, Environ. Sci. Technol. 49: 3636–3643.
- Zhang, M., Hao, N., Song, S., Wang, J., Wu, Y. and Li, L., 2014. Investigation of the mixed refining of a novel fly ash-based calcium Silicate filler with fiber. BioResources, 9(3): 5175-5183.
- Zou, Y., Hsieh, J.S., Wang, T.S., Mehnert, E. and Kokoszka, J., 2004. The mechanism of premixing rosin sizes for neutral-alkaline papermaking. Tappi Journal, 3(9): 16-18. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 1,968 PDF Download: 723 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb