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بررسی تأثیر کودهای شیمیایی، زیستی و تلفیقی بر ویژگی‌های کمّی و کیفی اسانس و علوفه گیاه دارویی رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 35، شماره 5 - شماره پیاپی 97، آذر و دی 1398، صفحه 774-788 اصل مقاله (716.21 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2019.124424.2450 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| الهه تشکری فرد1؛ غلام رضا محسن آبادی* 2؛ سید محمدرضا احتشامی2؛ سمانه اسدی صنم3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترا، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، بخش گیاهان دارویی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOR): 98.1000/1735-0905.1398.35.774.97.5.1576.41 این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی مدیریت‌های متنوع حاصلخیزی خاک بر صفات مورفولوژی، عملکرد اسانس و کیفیت علوفه رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) اجرا شد. آزمایش به‌صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل پنج سطح کود (شیمیایی، زیستی، ورمی‌کمپوست، تلفیق 75% و 50% غلظت کودهای شیمیایی + کودهای زیستی + ورمی‌کمپوست) بود. نتایج حکایت از معنی‌دار بودن اعمال تیمارهای مختلفکودی بر صفات مورد بررسی داشتند. بر این اساس تیمار 75% کودهای شیمیایی به‌همراه کودهای زیستی و ورمی‌کمپوست با بهبود ویژگی‌های مورفولوژی، عملکرد اسانس و عملکرد کمّی و کیفی علوفه، به‌عنوان تیمار برتر شناخته شد. تیمار مذکور، بالاترین ارتفاع بوته (95 سانتی‌متر)، وزن خشک اندام هوایی (98 گرم در مترمربع)، عملکرد زیستی (1191.6 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد دانه (138 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و شاخص برداشت (11.6%) را به خود اختصاص داد. بیشترین و کمترین درصد و عملکرد اسانس به‌ترتیب مربوط به تیمار 75% غلظت کودهای شیمیایی + کودهای زیستی + ورمی‌کمپوست (حدود 3% و 18 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و تیمار کاربرد 100% کودهای شیمیایی (حدود 2% و 13 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. صفات مهم کیفیت علوفه مانند درصد ماده خشک قابل هضم، درصد قندهای محلول در آب و میزان خاکستر در تیمار ادغام 75% غلظت کودهای شیمیایی با کودهای زیستی و ورمی‌کمپوست بالاترین مقدار را به‌همراه داشت. در حالی‌که صفات مذکور در کاربرد 100% کودهای شیمیایی، در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها کمترین مقدار را دارا بود. افزون براین عوامل کاهنده کیفیت علوفه مانند فیبرهای نامحلول در شوینده خنثی و اسیدی در این تیمار بیشترین مقادیر را شامل شد. بنابراین به‌نظر می‌رسد در راستای دستیابی به کشاورزی پایدار و بهینه‌سازی تولید ارگانیک گیاهان دارویی، غلظت‌های کاهش‌یافته کودهای شیمیایی به‌همراه منابع زیستی افزون بر تولید اقتصادی بتواند موجب کاهش آلودگی محیط‌زیست شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| حاصلخیزی خاک؛ مورفولوژی؛ گیاه دارویی؛ کیفیت علوفه؛ ریزجانداران | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of integrated soil fertility management on the quantitative and qualitative yield of fodder, seed and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) essential oil | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| E. Tashakorifard1؛ Gh.R. Mohsenabadi2؛ S.M.R. Ehteshami2؛ S. Asadi-Sanam3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student, Agronomy Division, Guilan university, Rasht, Iran | ||
| 2Agronomy Division, Guilan university, Rasht, Iran | ||
| 3Medicinal plants Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This study was carried out to investigate different soil fertility management on morphological traits, essential oil yield and quality of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) forage. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. The experimental treatments included five fertilizer levels (chemical, biological, vermicompost, 75% and 50% concentration of chemical fertilizers + bio-fertilizers + vermicompost). The results indicated the significant effects of different fertilizer treatments on the traits studied. Accordingly, the treatment of 75% chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers and vermicompost improved morphological characteristics, essential oil yield, and quantitative and qualitative yield of forage, recognized as superior treatment. The above mentioned treatment had the highest plant height (95 cm), shoot dry weight (98 g m-2), biological yield (1191.6 kg ha-1), seed yield (138 kg ha-1), and harvest index (11.6%). The highest and lowest percentage and essential oil yield were related to 75% chemical fertilizers+biofertilizers+vermicompost (about 3% and 18 kg ha-1) and 100% chemical fertilizers treatment (about 2% and 13 kg ha-1), respectively. The highest amount of important forage qualitative traits such as digestible dry matter (%), water soluble sugars (%) and ash content was obtained in 75% chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers and vermicompost treatment. While the above mentioned traits had the lowest amount in the application of 100% of chemical fertilizers, compared to other treatments. In addition, forage quality-reducing factors such as neutral and acidic insoluble fiber had the highest values in this treatment. It seems that in order to achieve sustainable agriculture and optimize the organic production of medicinal plants, the reduced concentrations of chemical fertilizers along with bio-resources can reduce environmental pollution in addition to economic production. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Soil fertility, morphology, medicinal plant, forage quality, microorganisms | ||
| مراجع | ||
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