| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,081 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,377 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 47,997,406 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 78,921,341 |
کارایی مدیریت شیمیایی علفهای هرز در نظام‌های کشاورزی رایج و حفاظتی منطقه سرد خراسان رضوی | ||
| دانش علفهای هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 15، شماره 2، آذر 1398، صفحه 1-14 اصل مقاله (569.51 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijws.2019.1502.01 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد حسن هادیزاده* 1؛ حمیدرضا شریفی2؛ سید حسین ترابی3 | ||
| 1عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی | ||
| 2عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی. مشهد ایران | ||
| 3محقق بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی مشهد ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کاربرد شخم حفاظتی با حفظ بقایا میتواند پاسخی به نگرانی اصلی در مورد از بین رفتن خاک باشد. این پژوهش، به منظور بررسی تأثیر روشهای مختلف خاکورزی و میزان بقایای گیاهی، بر کارایی مبارزه شیمیایی علفهای هرز، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی جلگه رخ (خراسان رضوی) طی سالهای زراعی 95-93، در قالب طرح کرتهای دوبار خردشده با سه تکرار و در تناوب چغندر قند، جو، ذرت، گندم اجرا شد. کرتهای اصلی، سه روش خاکورزی متداول، کم خاک ورزی و بیخاکورزی و کرتهای فرعی، شامل مدیریت بدون بقایا، حفظ 30 درصد و حفظ 60 درصد بقایای محصول بود. مهار شیمیایی، مهار دستی و تیمار بدون مهار علفهای هرز، در کرتهای فرعی دوم قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد علف‌کشهای چغندرقند، باعث کاهش معنی دار تراکم (31 درصد) و وزن خشک (57 درصد) علفهای‌هرز و افزایش معنی دار عملکرد (64 درصد)، نسبت به شاهد شد اما نتوانست از کاهش معنی دار عملکرد ریشه چغندرقند در دو نظام حفاظتی در مقایسه با نظام رایج جلوگیری کند. اثر خاکورزی، بقایا و مبارزه شیمیایی بر عملکرد جو معنی دار نشد و از این نظر، گیاه زراعی جو، در نظام حفاظتی، مطلوب ارزیابی شد. خاکورزی رایج در ذرت، موجب کاهش معنی دار علفهای هرز (83 درصد نسبت به بی خاک ورزی) شد. عملکرد دانه ذرت در نظام خاکورزی رایج و کم خاکورزی (به ترتیب 53/3 و 33/4 تن در هکتار)، نسبت به نظام بی خاکورزی (14/3 تن در هکتار)، به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت. مبارزه شیمیایی با علفهای‌هرز، موجب افزایش معنیدار عملکرد ذرت (23 درصد نسبت به شاهد بدون وجین)، همسطح با وجین دستی شد. در گندم، بهترین عملکرد دانه در نظام کم خاکورزی، وجود 30 درصد بقایا و مبارزه شیمیایی با علفهای‌هرز به دست آمد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بی خاکورزی؛ تراکم؛ عملکرد؛ کم خاکورزی؛ وزن خشک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Chemical management efficacy in conventional and conservation agricultural systems at cold region of Khorasan-Razavi | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Hassan Hadizadeh1؛ Hamidreza Sharifi2؛ Seyed Hossein Torabi3 | ||
| 1Assistant professor of Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan-e-Razavi | ||
| 2Associate professor of Agronomical and Horticultural Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan-e-Razavi | ||
| 3Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan-e-Razavi, Masshad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Conservation agricultural systems may considred as a solution to loosing arable soil in conventional system. We studied the effects of conservative agricultural systems compared to conventional systems on chemical weed control efficacy at the farm of Jolgeh-Rokh research station, Khorasan Razavi province, during 2014-2017. Crop rotaton was sugarbeet-barley-corn-wheat. The experimental designe was randomized complete block design aggranged in split-split plot with three replacations. Treatments were three types of tillage (conventional, reduced and no-tillage) as main plot; crop residue percentage (left on the ground from previous crop in rotation; 0, 30 and 60 percent) as sub plot and methods of weed control (hand weeding, recommended herbicide and check plots) as sub-sub plot. The results showed that application of herbicides significantly decreased weed dry matter (57%) and weed density (31%) and increased sugar beet root yield (64%) compare to the weedy check; however, weed reduction was not enough to prevent root yield loss in conservational tillage systems. Residue levels showed no significant effects on root yield of sugarbeet. The effects of tillage systems, levels of residues and even chemical control did not affect the grain yield of barley, despite the effects on weeds. Tillage in corn significantly decreased the weeds (83% to no-tillage); as a result, corn grain yield increased significantly in conventional and reduced tillage systems (3.53-ton ha-1 and 4.33-ton ha-1, respectively) compared to the no-tillage system (3.14-ton ha-1). Different levels of plant residues had no effect on corn yield, but chemically weed control caused a significant increase of yield (23%) as much as manual weeding treatment. Reduced tillage system with 30 percent of the residues and the chemical control of weeds was the best treatment for grain yield of wheat. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Density, dry weight, minimum tillage, no tillage, yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abdollahian Noqabi, M. 2015. Weeds. Pages 213-246 in Standards rules codification for potential determination and assessment of damage by dfferent managerial and coercive factors in different stages of growth in sugar beet fields. Agricultural Insurance Fund. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian). Anderson, R.L. 2005. A multi-tactic approach to manage weed population dynamics in crop rotation. Agron. J. 97: 1579-1683. Arshad, M.A., Gill, K.S. and Coy, G.R. 1995. Barley, canola, and weed growth with decreasing tillage in a cold, semiarid climate. Agron. J. 87: 49-55. Billings W.D. 1994. Ecological impacts of cheatgrass and resultant fire on ecosystems in the western Great Basin. Proceedings of Ecology and Management of Annual Rangelands, 18–21 May, Boise, ID, USA. Blackshaw, R.E., Larney, G.O., Lindwall, C.W. and Kozub, G.C.1994. Crop rotation and tillage effects on weed populations on the semi-arid Canadian prairies. Weed Technol. 8: 231-237. Childs, D., Jordan, T., Ross, M. and Bauman, T. 2001. Weed Control in No-Tillage Systems. Conservation Tillage Series, CT-2. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 479-7. Indiana, USA. Chokor, J.U., Ikuenobe, C.E. and Odoh, C.N. 2008. Effect of tillage on the efficacy of CGA362622 on weed control in maize. African J. Biotech. 7 (23): 4288-4290. Chhokar, R.S, Sharma, R., Jat, G., Kumar, A. and Gathala, M. 2007. Effect of tillage and herbicides on weeds and productivity of wheat under rice-wheat growing system. Crop Prot. 26: 1689-1696. Chopra, P. and Angiras, N.N. 2008. Effect of tillage and weed management on productivity and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays). Indian J. Agron. 53(1): 66-69. Curran, S., Lingenfelter, D.D. and Garling, L. 2009. An introduction to weed management for conservation tillage systems. Publications Distribution Center, the Pennsylvania State University, 112 Agricultural Administration Building, University Park, PA 16802. Available at: https://extension.psu.edu/an-introduction-to-weed-management-for-conservation-tillage-systems. Accessed June 2, 2018. Derpsch, R and Friedrich, T. 2009. Global overview of conservation agriculture adoption. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture: Innovations for improving efficiency, equity and environment. 4-7 February 2009, New Delhi, ICAR. Dorado, J. and Lopez-Fando, C. 2006. The effect of tillage system and use of a paraplow on weed flora in a semiarid soil from central Spain.Weed Res. 46: 424–431. Demjanová E., Macák, M., Dalovic, I., Majerník, F., Týr, Š. and Smatana, J. 2009. Effects of tillage systems and crop rotation on weed density weed species composition and weed biomass in maize. Agron. Res. 7(2): 785-792. Edalat, M., Shahrasbi, S., Kazemeini, S.A. and Emam, Y. 2017. Effect of Wheat and Barley Cover Crops on Weed Control, Growth and Yield of Rapeseed under Different Nitrogen Levels. J. Crop Prod. Proces. 6 (22): 93-105. FAO, 2013. Conservation agriculture in central Asia: Status, policy and institutional support and strategic framework for its promotion. FAO Sub-Regional Office for Central Asia (FAO-SEC), Ankara. Friedrich T. and Kassam A. 2012. No-till farming and the environment: do no-till systems require more chemicals? Outlooks Pest Manag. 23: 153-157. Friedrich T., Derpsch R. and Kassam A.H. 2012. Global overview of the spread of conservation agriculture. Field Actions Science Reports. 6:1-7. Froud-Williams, R.J. 1986. Changes in weed flora with different tillage and agronomic management systems. Pages 213-236 in Altieri, M.A. and Liebman, M. eds. Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecolog ical Approaches. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Gemtos, T.A, Cavalaris, C., Demis, V., Pateras D. and Tsidari, C. 2002. Effect of changing tillage practices after four years of continuous reduced tillage. Paper number 021135, 2002 ASAE Annual Meeting. Hobbs, P., Sayre, K. and Gupta, R. 2008. The role of conservation agriculture in sustainable agriculture. "Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 363(1491):543-555. Jursík, M., Holec, J., Soukup, J. and Venclová, V. 2008. Competitive relationships between sugar beet and weeds in dependence on time of weed control. Plant Soil and Environ. 54: 108. Knežević, M., Đurkić, M., Knežević, I., Antonić, O. and Jelaska, S. 2003. Effects of tillage and reduced herbicide doses on weed biomass production in winter and spring cereals. Plant Soil Environ. 49(9): 414–421. Lindwall, C.W., Larney, F.J., Johnston, A.M. and Moyer, J.R. 1994. Crop management in conservation tillage systems. Pages 185-210 in Unger, PW, ed. Managing Agricultural Residues. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. Légère, A. and Samson, N.2004. Tillage and weed management effects on weeds in barley-red clover cropping systems. Weed Sci. 52(5): 881-885. Mandal, B.K., Saha, A., Dhara, M.C. and Bhunia, S.R. 1994. Effects of zero and conventional tillage on winter oilseed crop in West Bengal. Soil Till. Res. 29: 49-57. Mafongoya, P., Jiri, O. and Phophi, M. 2015. Evaluation of tillage practices for maize (Zea mays) grown on different land-use systems in eastern zambia. Sustain. Agric. Res. 5(1): p.10. Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad, 2015. Executive program of year for distribution of provincial levels of conservation agriculture in 2015-2016. http://zeraat.maj.ir/dorsapax/userfiles/file /ejrayisal.pdf. Accessed: May 3, 2018. منبع کامل نیست Montgomery, D.R. 2007.Soil erosion and agricultural sustainability. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 104, 13268-13272. Moschler, W.W., Shear, G.M., Martens, D.C., Jones, G.D. and Wilmouth, R.R. 1972. Comparative yield and fertilizer efficiency of no-tillage and conventionally tilled corn. Agron. J. 64: 229-231. Moyer, J.R., Roman, E.S., Lindwall, C.W. and Blackshaw, R.E. 1994. Weed management in conservation tillage systems for wheat production in North and South America. Crop Prot. 13(4): 243-259. Norsworthy, J.K. 2008. Effect of tillage intensity and herbicide programs on changes in weed species density and composition in the southeastern coastal plains of the United States. Crop Prot. 27: 151–160. Nourbakhsh, S. and Sahraian, H. 2017. List of important pests, diseases and weeds of major agricultural products, chemicals and recommended ways for their control. Plant Protection organization, Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture, 208 Pp. (In Persian). Oliver, E., Nybo, B., Derksen, D. and Watson, P. 2005. Southwest opener/rotation study: The effect of opener disturbance on weed populations and crop rotations in the dry brown soil. Final Project Report. Agri-Food Innovation Fund, Diversified Farming Systems Program. Saskatchewan, 10 Pp. Ominski, P.D. and Entz, M.H. 2001. Eliminating soil disturbance reduces post-alfalfa annual weed populations. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 881-884. Paraschivu, M., Paunescu, G. and Paraschivu, A.M. 2009. Conservation agriculture-an alternative for a sustainable farming, results from Mexican agriculture. Ann ANRDI Fundulea. 77:261-268. Pimentel, D., Harvey, C., Resosudarmo, P., Sinclair, K., Kurz, D., Mcnair, M., Crist, S., Shpretz, L., Fitton, L., Saffouri, R. and Blair, R. 1995. Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits. Science. 267: 1117-1123. Rafatjoo, A. and Medhaj, A. 2014. Investigation of the allelopathic effects of aquatic extract of two crop plants (wheat and barley) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis). J. Plant Prot. 28(4): 482-489. Sarani, M., Oveisi, M., Mashhadi, H.R., Alizadeh, H. and Gonzalez-Andujar, J.L. 2014. Interactions between the tillage system and crop rotation on the crop yieldand weed populations under arid conditions. Weed Biol. Manage. 14: 198–208. Sans, F.X., Berner, A., Armengot, L. and Mäder, P. 2011. Tillage effects on weed communities in an organic winter wheat–sunflower–spelt cropping sequence. Weed Res. 51(4): 413-421. Shrestha, A., Kneževic, S.Z., Roy, R.C., Ball–Coelho, B.R. and Swanton, C.J. 2002. Effect of tillage, cover crop and crop rotation on the composition of weed flora in a sandy soil. Weed Res. 42: 76–87. SPII, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, 2017. Barley cultivar: Bahman. http://spii.ir/_DouranPortal/Documents/bahmanjo_20170129_111952.pdf. Accessed June 26. 2018. (In Persian). نام نویسنده Thomason, W.E., Youngman, R.R., Hagood, E.S., Stromberg, E.L. and Alley, M.M., 2009. Successful no-tillage corn production. Virginia cooperative extension publication: 7Pp. Tomlin, C.D.S. 2009. The pesticide manual (Fifteenth edition). BCPC (British Crop Protection Council), Hampshire, UK. 1457Pp. Vyn, T.J. and Raimbult, B.A. 1993. Long-term effect of five tillage systems on corn response and soil structure. Agron. J. 85: 1074-1079. Verhulst, N., Goverts, B., Verachtert, E., Castellanos-Navarrete, A., Mezzalma, M., Wall, P., Deckers, J. and Sayre, K.D. 2010. Conservation agriculture, improving soil quality for sustainable production systems? Pages 137-208 in Lal, R. and Stewart, B.A. Eds. Advances in soil science: food security and soil quality. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. Walter, L. and Craig, S. 2017. Increasing weed competition with competitive barley cultivars. Proceedings of the 18th Australian Society of Agronomy Conference, 24 – 28 September 2017, Ballarat, Australia. Wiatrak, P.J., Wright, D.L. and Marois, J.J. 2005. Evaluation of strip tillage on weed control, plant morphology and yield of glyphosate-resistant cotton. J. Cotton Sci. 9: 10–14. Whisenant S.G. 1990. Changing fire frequencies on Idaho’s Snake River plains: ecological and management implications. Proceedings of Cheatgrass Invasion, Shrub Die-off, and Other Aspects of Shrub Biology and Management. 5–7 April 1989, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 767 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 629 |
||