| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,952 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,277 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 43,876,812 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,382,084 |
نقش قرق در تغییر پایداری خاکدانه و ساختمان خاک‌های مرتعی استان گلستان | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 26، شماره 4، دی 1398، صفحه 904-917 اصل مقاله (332.28 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2019.120682 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اسماعیل شیدای کرکج* 1؛ حسین رضائی2؛ حمید نیک نهاد قره ماخر3؛ عیسی جعفری فوتمی4؛ ابوالفضل شریفیان5 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 22- استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه مرتعداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 4دانشجوی دکتری علوم مرتع دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران | ||
| 5دانشجوی دکتری علوم مرتع دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پایداری خاکدانه و ساختمان خاک به عنوان شاخصهای کلیدی سلامت خاک مرتع بوده و از عوامل مؤثر در کنترل فرسایش خاک به شمار می‌روند. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر قرق بر وضعیت پایداری خاکدانهها و ساختمان خاک در چهار منطقه از مراتع استان گلستان شامل چهارباغ، اینچه‌برون، گمیشان و مراوه‌تپه انجام شد. نمونه‌برداری خاک از دو عمق 20-0 و 40-20 سانتیمتر با حفر پروفیل و به روش تصادفی-سیستماتیک و در امتداد هر ترانسکت در هر یک از سایتهای قرق و مجاور قرق مناطق چهارگانه انجام شد. پایداری خاکدانهها به روش الک تر در آزمایشگاه مورد اندازهگیری قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل برای سایتهای قرق و مجاور قرق و نیز دو عمق مربوطه به ترتیب با استفاده از آزمون تی نمونه‌های مستقل و جفتی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد در اغلب سایتهای مورد مطالعه مقادیر پایداری در خاک سطحی نسبت به خاک عمقی بیشتر می‌باشد. نتایج بررسی اثر قرق مرتع بر تغییر مورفولوژیکی و وضعیت ساختمان خاک نشان از نقش مثبت قرق در توسعه ساختمان خاک در تمامی مناطق مورد بررسی داشته است ولی این نتایج در بررسی آماری پایداری خاکدانه تنها در منطقه اینچه‌برون و گمیشان از لحاظ آماری معنی‌دار شد. بالاترین مقدار پایداری خاکدانه در عمق اول سایت قرق گمیشان (52/4 میلیمتر) و کمترین میزان پایداری خاکدانه در عمق دوم سایت چرایی گمیشان (15/1 میلیمتر) مشاهده شد. بررسی نهایی نتایج نشان داد صرفنظر از نقش مثبت قرق در ارتقای وضعیت پایداری خاکدانه، عواملی همچون موقعیت جغرافیایی مرتع، اقلیم، نوع پوشش گیاهی و شرایط چرای دام به عنوان عوامل همراه قرق مؤثر بر پایداری خاکدانه و ساختمان خاک بایستی مورد توجه واقع شوند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پایداری خاکدانه؛ ساختمان خاک؛ قرق؛ استان گلستان؛ مرتع | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The role of Exclosure in the change of aggregate stability and soil structure of rangelands in Golestan province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Esmaiel Sheidai Karkaj1؛ Hosein Rezaei2؛ Hamid Niknahad Gharemakher3؛ Isa Jafari Footami4؛ Abolfazl Sharifian5 | ||
| 1Assistant professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Rangeland Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 4Ph.D student in Rangeland Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 5Ph.D student in Rangeland Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Soil aggregate stability and soil structure considered as the key indicators of range soil health and counted as effective factors in soil erosion control. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of exclosure on the stability of aggregates and soil structure in four areas of Golestan province including Chaharbagh, Incheboron, Gomishan and Maravetapeh. Soil sampling was carried out from two depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm by digging profile in random-systematic method along transects in each of exclosure and adjacent sites of quadruple areas. Aggregates stability was measured by the method of wet sieving in the laboratory. The results were analyzed statistically using independent and paired samples t-test for exclosure sites and adjacent exclosure sites as well as two corresponding depths, respectively. In the most of studied sites, the aggregate stability values were higher in the surface soil than the deep soil.The results indicated that the effect of rangeland exclosure on morphological changes and soil status indicating positive role in development of soil structure in all studied areas, however, these results were statistically significant only in the Incheboron and Gommishan area in view point of soil aggregate stability. The highest value of soil stability was in the first depth (4.52 mm) of Gomishan exclosure site and the lowest one was in the second depth (1.15 mm) in Gomishan grazing site. The final result showed that regardless of positive role of exclosure in promoting the stability of aggregate, factors such as geographic position of rangeland, climate, vegetation type and grazing conditions as the associated factors affecting the stability of aggregate and soil structure should be considered. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Aggregate Stability, Soil structure, rangeland exclosure, Golestan province, rangeland | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Abule, E., Snyman, H. A. and Smit, G. N., 2005. The influence of woody plants and livestock grazing on grass species composition, yield and soil nutrients in the Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environment, 60: 343–358. - Amezketa, E., 1999. Soil aggregate stability: A review.Journal of Sustain Agriculture, 14: 83-151. - Anynomous., 2014. Kellogg soil survey laboratory methods manual. USDA. Soil Conservation Service. Soil Survey. investigation report government. Print. Office, Washington, D.C. USA. - Arshad, M. A. and Coen, G. M., 1992. Characteristics of soil quality: physical and chemical criteria. American Journal of Alternative agriculture, 7: 25-31. - Barzgar, A. A., 2004. Soil physics principle. Second publication, Shahid Chmaran University publication, 239 p. - Bihamta, M. R. and Zare chahuki, M. A., 2008. Principles of Statistics of Natural Resources. Tehran University Publication. 300p. - Blanco-Canqui, H. and Lal, R., 2009. Corn strover removal for expanded uses reduces soil fertility and structural stability, soil science society of America Journal, 73 (2): 418-426. - Boix-Fayos, C., Calvo-Cases, A., Imeson, A. C. and Soriano-Soto, M. D., 2001. Influence of soil properties on the aggregation of some Mediterranean soils and the use of aggregate size and stability as land degradation indicators. Journal of Catena, 44: 47-67. - Buol, S. W.,Southard, R. J., Graham, R. C. and McDaniel, P. A., 2011. Soil Genesis and Classification, Sixth Edition. John Wiley & Sons, 436 p. - Carpenter, D. R. and Chong, G. W., 2010. Patterns in the aggregate stability of Mancos Shale derived soils. Journal of Catena, 80: 65-73. - Enheng, W., Richard, M. C., Xiangwei, C.H. and Daigh, A., 2012. Effects of moisture condition and freeze/thaw cycles on surface soil aggregate size distribution and stability. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 92(3): 529-536. - Eviner, V. T. and Chapin. F. S., 2002. The influence of plant species, fertilization and elevated CO2 on soil aggregate stability. Journal of Plant and Soil, 246(2): 211-219. - Fattet, M., Fu, Y., Ghestem, M., Ma, W., Foulonneau, M., Nespoulous, J., Bissonnais, Y. L. and Stokes, A., 2011. Effects of vegetation type on soil resistance to erosion: Relationship between aggregate stability and shear strength. Journal of Catena, 87: 60-69. - Fullen, M. A. and Booth, C. A., 2006. Grass ley set-aside and soil organic matter dynamics on sandy soils in Shropshire, UK, Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, 31: 570-578. - Habibian, M. R. and Salehpour, A., 2016. Impacts of grazing management on some soil physical and chemical characteristics in semi-steppe rangelands. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 23 (2): 311-321. - Haj abbasi, M. A., Besalatpour, A. and Mellali, A. R., 2007. Effect of rageland change to agriculture on some soil chemical and physical characteristics in south and east south Esfahan. Journal of Agricultural and Natural Resources Science and Technology, 42: 525-534. - Haj abbasi, M. A., 1999. Method and Guidelines for Assessing Sustainable Use of Soil Water Resources in the Tropics Firdausi University of Mashhad Publication, 56 p. - Herrick, J. E., Whitford, W. G., De Soyza, A. G., Van Zee, J. W., Havstad, K. M., Seybold, C. A. and Walton, M., 2001. Field soil aggregate stability kit for quality and rangeland health evaluations, Journal of Catena, 44: 27-35. - Jeddi, K. and Chaieb, M., 2010. Changes in soil properties and vegetation following livestock grazing exclusion in degraded arid environment of south Tunisia.Journal of Flora, 205: 184-189. - Kavandi Habib, R., Heshmati, G.H. and Siroosi, H., 2014. Comparison of Ecological Patche's Potentials and Functions in Rangeland Ecosystems (Case Study: Qahavand Rangelands, Hamedan province, Iran). Journal of Rangeland Science, 4(3): 234-244. - Kay, B. D., 2000. Soil Structure, in Hand book of Soil Science. CRC Press, E.M. Sumner, Ed. USA: F.I., Boca Raton. 562p. - Kristiansen, S. M., Schjønning, P., Thomsen, I. K., Olesen, J. E., Kristensen, K. and Christensen, B. T., 2006. Similarity of differently sized macro-aggregates in arable soils of different texture. Journal of Geoderma, 137: 147-154. - Lavee, H., Sarah, P. and Imeson, A. C., 1996. Aggregate stability dynamics as affected by soil temperature and moisture regimes. Geografiska Annaler. Series A.Journal ofPhysical Geography, 78(1): 73-82. - Levy, G. J., Mamedov, A. I. and Goldstein, D., 2003. Sodicity and water quality effects on slaking of aggregates from semi-arid soils. Journal of Soil Science, 168: 552-562. - Liu, A., Ma, B. L. and Bomke, A. A., 2005. Effects of cover crops on soil aggregate stability, total organic carbon and polysaccharides. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 69: 2041-2048. - Lynch, J. M. and Bragg, E., 1985. Microorganisms and aggregate stability. Journal of Advanceed Soil Science, 2: 133-171. - Mahmoodabaddi, M. and Heydarpour, E., 2014. Sequestration of organic carbon influenced by the application of straw residue and farmyard manure in two different soils. Journal of International Agrophysics, 28 (2), 169-176. - Marques, M. J., Garcia-Munoz, S., Munoz- Organero, G. and Bienes, R., 2009. Soil conservation beneath grass cover in hillside vineyards under Mediterranean climatic conditions (Madrid, Spain). Journal of Land Degradation and Development, 21(2): 122-131. - Mesdaghi, M., 2005. Plant Ecology. Mashhad jehad daneshgahi publication, 187 p. - Mirzaali, A, Mesdaghi, M. and Erfan nezhad, R., 2006. The effect of grazing on rangeland vegetation and soil salinization Gomishan in Golestan province. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 13(2): 194-202. - Nael, M., Khademi, H. and Haj abbasi, M. A., 2004. Response of soil quality indicators and their spatial variability to land degradation in central Iran. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Applied Soil Ecology, 27:221–232. - Niknahad Gharmakher, H. and Maramayi, M., 2011. Effects of land use changes on soil characteristics (case study: Kachik). Journal of Soil and Sustainable Management, 1(2): 81-96. - Niknahad Gharmakher, H., Aghtabye, A. and Akbarlou, M. 2018. Effects of grazing exclusure on some soil properties, erodibility and carbon sequestration (Case study: Bozdaghin rangelands, North Khorasan, Iran). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 24 (4): 708-718. - Rezaei, H., Jafarzadeh, A. A. and Shahbazi, F., 2013-a. Micro morphological observation of land use effect on soil organism’s activity. 4th International scientific conference on: Biosphere reserves-the way to sustainability, Tehran, Iran. - Rezaei, H., Jafarzadeh, A. A. and Shahbazi, F., 2013-b. Effect of vegetation on soil micro morphological properties (case study: Karkaj research station). Journal of soil and water scince, 23(1): 83-94. - Seybold, C. A. and Herrick, J. E., 2001. Aggregate stability kit for soil quality assessment. Journal of Catena, 44: 37-45. - Sheidai Karkaj, E., Akbarlou, M. and Niknahad Gharmakher, H., 2013. Effect of management of livestock on the improve soil properties in Chahar Bagh summer rangeland of Golestan province. Journal of Watershed Management Research, 99: 74-83. - Sheidai Karkaj, E., Motamedi, J., Aliloo, F. and Siroosi, H., 2016. Effect of grazing management on vegetation properties in summer rangelands of Chahar bagh rangelands. Iranian journal of rangeland and watershed Management, 69 (4): 949-961. - Six, J., Paputian, K., Elliot, E. T. and Comb rink, C., 2001. Soil structure and organic matter Distribution of aggregate-size classes and aggregate-associated carbon. Journal of Soil Science,64: 681-689. - Soane, B. D., 1990. The role of organic matter in soil compatibility: a review of some practical aspects. Journal of Soil Tillage Research, 16: 179–201. - Tayel, M.Y., Abdel-Hady, M. and Eldardiry, E. I., 2010. Soil structure affected by some soil characteristics. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environment Sciences, 7 (6): 705-712. - Tejada, M., Garcia, C., Gonzalez, J. L. and Hernandez, M. T., 2006. Use of organic amendment as a strategy for saline soil remediation: Influence on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Journal of Soil Bioogy and Biochemistry, 38: 1413-1421. - Tiplittgr, G. B. D., Vandoren, B. and Schimdt, B. L., 1968. Change in soil aggregate water stability induced by wetting and drying cycles in non-structured soil. Journal of Soil Science, 33: 623–637. - Valizadeh, M. and Moghadam, M., 2009. Pilot projects in agriculture. Parivar publication. 451p. - Zarekia, S., Arzani, H., Jafari, M. and Zare, N., 2016. Effect of grazing utilization on vegetation and soil properties in steppe rangelands (Case study: Saveh steppe rangelands). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 22 (4): 745-756. - Zhang, Z., Wei, C., Xie D., Gao, M. and Zeng, X., 2008. Effects of land use patterns on soil aggregate stability in Sichuan Basin, China. Particuology, 6:157-166. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 732 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 310 |
||