| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,012 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,667 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,679,759 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 36,170,272 |
گزینش مقدماتی تعدادی از پایه‌های گلابی برای تحمل به تنش کسر آبیاری بر اساس شاخص‌های رشد و فیزیولوژیک | ||
| به زراعی نهال و بذر | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 35، شماره 2، آذر 1398، صفحه 285-302 اصل مقاله (1.18 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/sppj.2020.127215.1085 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجید ظهوری1؛ حمید عبداللهی* 2؛ عیسی ارجی3؛ وحید عبدوسی1 | ||
| 1دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تحمل به تنش خشکی از خصوصیات مهم مرتبط با پرورش درخت گلابی و انتخاب نوع پایه مورد استفاده برای احداث باغ می‌باشد. بر این اساس در تحقیق حاضر، ارزیابی شاخص‌های رشد و فیزیولوژیک مرتبط با تنش کسر آبیاری در پایه‌های کشت بافتی درگزی، Pyrus betulifolia، پیرودوارف، OH×F69 و OH×F87 در سه شرایط بدون تنش، آبیاری در 75 و 50 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه در شرایط گلخانه‌ای طی 60 روز از اعمال تنش بررسی شد. پایه‌های P. betulifolia و OH×F87 بر اساس دو شاخص سرعت رشد نسبی و تعداد برگ (tgαln) به ترتیب بالاترین و کمترین سرعت رشد و همچنین تحمل به تنش کسر آبیاری را نشان دادند. ارزیابی ماهانه شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیک محتوای نسبی آب برگ، میزان پرولین، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول کل و پروتئین و همچنین پایداری غشاء و نشت یونی نشان داد که پایه P. betulifolia با 1/72 درصد پائین‌ترین میزان محتوای نسبی آب برگ را در شرایط بدون تنش داشت. لیکن با توجه به کاهش بیشتر شاخص محتوای نسبی آب برگ به 1/57 و 3/58 درصد در دوره‌های 30 و 60 روزه در تنش 50 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه که پائین‌تر از اغلب پایه‌ها بجز OH×F87 بود، دارای بالاترین قدرت رشد در شرایط تنش بود. جمع بندی نتایج نشان داد که ترتیب نزولی تحمل به تنش کسر آبیاری در پایه P. betulifolia، پیرودوارف، OH×F69، پایه درگزی و در نهایت پایه OH×F87 بود که بیانگر لزوم انجام ارزیابی‌های تکمیلی به منظور انتخاب پایه مناسب برای احداث باغ گلابی در شرایط واجد تنش کسر آبیاری است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گلابی؛ تنش خشکی؛ Pyrus betulifolia Bunge؛ پیرودوارف؛ OH×F Series؛ شرایط گلخانه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Preliminary Selection of Some Pear Rootstocks for Tolerance to Deficit Irrigation Stress Based on the Growth and Physiological Indices | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Majid Zohuri1؛ Hamid Abdollahi2؛ Issa. Arji3؛ Vahid Abdossi1 | ||
| 1Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 3Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Tolerance to drought stress is important characteristic related to growth of pear trees and selection of rootstocks for orchard establishment. In this research, growth and physiological indices were evaluated in several pear rootstocks including; micropropagated Dargazi, Pyrus betulifolia and three clonal rootstocks; Pyrodwarf, OH×F69 and OH×F87 after 60 days in deficit irrigation conditions. Deficit irrigation levels were 75% and 50% of filed capacity and non- stress condition as control were implementend in greenhouse. P. betulifolia and OH×F87 rootstocks demonstrated the highest and lowest growth rate and tolerance to the deficit irrigation conditions based on relative growth rate (RGR) and leaf number (tgαln). Monthly evaluation of leaf relative water content (RWC), proline, total carbohydrates and total proteins as well as membrane stability and electrolyte leakage showed that P. betulifolia with 72.1% RWC had the lowest level of this index in optimal (control) condition. However, despite the highest reduction of RWC to 57.1 and 58.3, on 30 and 60 days after deficit irrigation, respectively, in P. betulifolia, this rootstock could maintain the highest growth rate. Based on the results of this research the highest levels of tolerance to the deficit irrigation was observed in P. betulifolia followed by Pyrodwarf, OH×F69, Dargazi and finally OH×F87 rootstocks, respectively. These results showed the importance of selection of tolerant pear rootstocks and need for further orchard evaluation of them for establishment of pear orchards in stressful conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| : Pear, drought stress, Pyrus betulifolia Bunge, Pyrodwarf, OH×F series, greenhouse condition | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abdollahi, H. 2010. Pear: botany, cultivars and rootstocks. Iranian Agricultural Ministry Publications, Tehran, Iran. 210 pp. (in Persian). Abdollahi, H., Ghasemi, A., and Mehrabi Pour, S. 2008. Evaluation of fire blight resistance in some quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) genotypes. II. Resistance of genotypes to the disease. Seed and Plant Journal 24: 529-541 (in Persian).
Abdollahi, H., Mohammadi, M., Atashkar, D., and Alizadeh, A. 2018. Comparison of growth and yield of some commercial pear cultivars on two dwarf hawthorn (Crataegus atrosanguinea) and quince A rootstocks. Seed and Plant Production Journal 34-2 (1): 1-21 (in Persian).
Abdollahi, H., Muleo, R., and Rugini, E. 2005. Study of basal growth media, growth regulators and pectin effects on micropropagation of pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars. Seed and Plant Journal 21: 373-384 (in Persian).
Al Maarri, K., Haddad, S., and Fallouh, I. 2007. Selections of Pyrus syriaca as promising rootstocks for pear cultivars. Acta Horticulturae 732: 217-220.
Anonymous. 2018. Statistical yearbook of the horticultural crops. Agricultural Ministry of Iran, Tehran, Iran. 241 pp. (in Persian).
Atashkar, D., Ershadi, A., Taheri, M., and Abdollahi, H. 2019. Screening for drought tolerance in some hybrid apple rootstocks based on photosynthesis characteristics. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 49: 1013-1024.
Bell, R. L. 1991. Pears (Pyrus). Acta Horticulturae 290: 657–700.
Blum, A. 2005. Drought resistance, water-use efficiency, and yield potential-are they compatible, dissonant, or mutually exclusive? Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56: 1159-1168.
Bonany, J., Dolcet-Sanjuan, R., Claveria, E., Iglesias, I., Asin, L., and Simard, M. H. 2005. Breeding of pear rootstocks. First evaluation of new interspecific rootstocks for tolerance to lime-induced chlorosis and induced vigor under field conditions. Acta Horticulturae 671: 239-246.
Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Annals of Biochemistry 72: 248-254.
Buysse, J., and R. Merckx. 1993. An improved colorimetric method to quantify sugar content of plant tissue. Journal of Experimental Botany 44:1627–1629
Campbell, J. 2003. Pear Rootstocks. AGFACTS, the State of New South Wales Agriculture, Australia. 13 pp.
Chalices, J. S., and Westwood, M. N. 1973. Numerical taxonomic studies on the genus Pyrus using both chemical and botanical characters. Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society 67: 121-148.
DaCosta, M., and Huang, B. R. 2006. Osmotic adjustment associated with variation in bentgrass tolerance to drought stress. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 131: 338-344.
FAO. 2018. Food and Agriculture Organization statistical yearbook. Food and Agriculture Organization Publication, Rome, Italy.
Ghasemi, A., Nassiri, J., and Yahyaabadi, M. 2010. Study of the relative tolerance of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) rootstocks to different bicarbonate concentrations. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 31-1: 265-278. (in Persian).
Hancock, J. F., and Lobos, G. A. 2008. Pears. pp. 299-335. In: Hancock, J. F. (ed.) temperate fruit crop breeding, germplasm to genomics. Springer Science Press, USA.
Heath, R. L., and Packer, L. 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives in Biochemistry and Biophysics 125: 189-198.
Jacob, H. B. 1998. Pyrodwarf, a new clonal rootstock for high density pear orchards. Acta Horticulturae 475: 169-178.
Liu, B. H., Cheng, L., Liang, D., Zou, Y. J., and Ma, F. W. 2012. Growth, gas exchange, water-use efficiency, and carbon isotope composition of ‘Gale Gala’ apple trees grafted onto 9 wild Chinese rootstocks in response to drought stress. Photosynthetica 50: 401-410.
Lombard, P. B., and Westwood, M. N. 1987. Pear rootstocks. pp. 145-183. In: Rom R. C., and Carlson R. F. (eds.) rootstocks for fruit crops. Wiley. New York.
Mansuryar, M., Erfani Moghadam, J., Abdollahi H., and Salami, S. A. R. 2016. Optimization of in vitro micropropagation protocol for some vigorous rootstocks of pear. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 47: 361-370 (in Persian).
Mansuryar, M., Abdollahi H., Erfani Moghadam, J., Mirabdulbaghi, M., and Salami, S. A. R. 2017a. Effects of ammonium nitrate and calcium chloride salts on proliferation and improvement of in vitro shootlets quality of vigorous pear rootstocks. Seed and Plant Production Journal 33-2: 249-266 (in Persian).
Mansuryar, M., Abdollahi H., Erfani Moghadam, J., and Salami, S. A. R. 2017b. Study of antioxidant enzymes activity and morphological changes in some vigorous pears inoculated with cause of fire blight disease (Erwinia amylovora) in vitro conditions. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology 18: 81-88 (in Persian).
Merewitz, E. B., Gianfagna, T., and Huang, B. 2011. Protein accumulation in leaves and roots associated with improved drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass expressing an ipt gene for cytokinin synthesis. Journal of the Experimental Botany 62: 5311-5333.
Nikzad Gharehaghaji. A. 2013. Evaluation of genetic diversity of native and wild pears of Iran. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Trabiat Modaress, Tehan, Iran. 150 pp (in Persian).
Rahmati, M., Arzani, K., and Yadollahi, A. 2015a. Variation in some European pear (Pyrus communis L.) seedling rootstock populations using morphological characteristics. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 31: 391-397 (in Persian).
Rahmati, M., Arzani, K., Yadollahi, A., and Abdollahi, H. 2015b. Influence of rootstock on vegetative growth and graft incompatibility in some pear (Pyrus SPP.) cultivars. Indo-American Journal of Agricultural and Vegetable Sciences 3: 25-32.
Rajabpoor, Sh., Kiani, S., Sorkheh, K., and Tavakoli, F. 2014. Changes induced by osmotic stress in the morphology, biochemistry, physiology, anatomy and stomatal parameters of almond species (Prunus L. spp.) grown in vitro. Journal of Forestry Research 25: 523-534.
Sairam, R. K. 1994. Effect of moisture stress on physiological activities of two contrasting wheat genotypes. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 32: 594-597.
Stern, RA, Doron, I, Redel G., Raz, A, Goldway M., and Holland D. 2013. Lavi 1-a new Pyrus betulifolia rootstock for ‘Coscia’ pear (Pyrus communis) in the hot climate of Israel. Scientia Horticulturae 161: 293-299.
Tatari, M., Ghasemi A., and Rezaei M. 2016. Evaluation of vegetative and reproductive traits of some commercial pear cultivars on quince clonal rootstocks in Isfahan climatic conditions. Seed and Plant Production Journal 32-2: 45-62. (in Persian).
Tukey, H. B. 1964. Dwarfed fruit trees. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. 562 pp. Westwood, M. N. 1993. Temperate zone pomology: physiology and culture. Timber Press. Portland, Oregon. 523 pp.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 807 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 466 |
||