| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,037 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,984 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 45,783,914 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,193,009 |
بررسی مقاومت به آتش در چوب پالونیای اصلاح شده با اسید سیتریک و مقایسه با کند سوز کننده های مختلف | ||
| تحقیقات علوم چوب و کاغذ ایران | ||
| مقاله 33، دوره 34، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 69، بهمن 1398، صفحه 547-562 اصل مقاله (1.25 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijwpr.2020.127947.1572 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد مهدی مهراندیش* 1؛ آیسونا طلائی2؛ محمد هادی رضوانی3 | ||
| 1گروه علوم و صنایع چوب ، دانشکده مهندسی مواد و فناوری های نوین ، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی ، تهران ، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه علوم و صنایع چوب، دانشکده مهندسی مواد و فناوری های نوین، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجائی، تهران ، ایران | ||
| 3دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد ، گروه علوم و صنایع چوب ، دانشکده مهندسی مواد و فناوری نوین ، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| DOR:98.1000/1735-0913.1398.34.547.69.4.1576.1601 اشتعال‌پذیری یکی از مهم‌ترین پارامترهایی است که دامنه کاربرد چوب را دچار محدودیت می‌سازد. بنابراین، بهبود خواص کندسوزکنندگی چوب از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی تاثیر اصلاح با اسید سیتریک و مقایسه آن با بوراکس و کلرید آمونیوم بر روی اشتعال‌پذیری چوب پالونیا انجام شد. نمونه‌های آزمونی تهیه گردیدند و در سیلندر آزمایشگاهی با محلول‌های شیمیایی در غلظت 10 درصد به‌روش سلول تهی اشباع شدند. براساس شرایط پیش تیمار، واکنش اصلاح به روش گرمادهی با آون در سطوح دمایی و زمانی مختلف صورت گرفت. عملکرد آتش‌گیری نمونه‌ها با اندازه‌گیری شاخص‌های مختلف مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین تأثیر مواد کندسوزکننده مختلف بر روی جذب آب و واکشیدگی حجمی کوتاه مدت نمونه‌ها مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. آزمون آتش نشان داد که با تیمار نمونه‌ها با اسید سیتریک و مواد کندسوزکننده، مقدار کاهش جرم کمتر و مدت زمان شعله‌وری و مدت زمان افروختگی بیشتری به‌دست‌آمده است. این یافته‌ها به شکل‌گیری لایه ذغالی محافظتی به‌وسیله اسید سیتریک و مواد کندسوزکننده نسبت داده شد. خواص آتش‌گیری تیمار با بوراکس در مقایسه با نمونه‌هایی که از اسید سیتریک و کلرید آمونیوم بهره می‌بردند، نتایج بهتری را حاصل کرد. به‌علاوه، در اثر حضور اسید سیتریک و مواد کندسوزکننده مقاومت به جذب آب و ثبات ابعاد بهبود یافت. نتایج طیف FTIR نشان داد که گروه‌های کربوکسیل اسید سیتریک با گروه‌های هیدروکسیل چوب واکنش داده و باعث افزایش وزن نمونه‌ها شده است. تغییر در شاخص‌های بلورینگی سلولز، کربونیل و هیدروکسیل نیز از طیف FTIR منتج گردید. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اشتعال‌پذیری؛ اصلاح شیمیایی؛ اسید سیتریک؛ مقاومت به آتش؛ FTIR؛ ثبات ابعاد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigation of Fire Resistance in reformed Paulownia Wood with citric acid and Comparison with Different of Fire Retardants | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad mahdi Mehrandish1؛ Aisona Talaei2؛ Mohammad Hadi Rezvani3 | ||
| 1, Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and New Technologies, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran , iran | ||
| 2Assistant professor , Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and New Technologies, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran , iran | ||
| 3M.Sc , Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and New Technologies, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran , iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Flammability is one of the most important parameters that limits the range of wood use. Therefore, it is important to improve the fire retardancy properties of wood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of modification with citric acid and its comparison with borax and ammonium chloride on the flammability of paulownia wood. Test specimens were prepared and in vitro cylinders were saturated with chemical solutions at 10% depletion. Based on pre-treatment conditions, the modification was performed by heating with oven at different temperature and time levels. The fire performance of the samples was evaluated by measuring different parameters. The effect of different fire retardants on water absorption and short-term swelling of the specimens was also studied. The fire test showed that by treating the samples with citric acid and fire retardant materials, less mass reduction, flame retardation time and longer ignition time were obtained. These findings were attributed to the formation of a protective carbon layer by citric acid and fire retardant materials. The flame retardant properties of borax treatment yielded better results than those using citric acid and ammonium chloride. In addition, water absorption and dimensional stability were improved by the presence of citric acid and fire retardant agents. The results of FTIR spectra showed that the carboxylic acid groups reacted with the hydroxyl groups of the wood and increased the weight of the samples. Changes in the crystallinity indices of cellulose, carbonyl and hydroxyl were also obtained from FTIR spectra. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Flammability, Chemical Modification, Citric Acid, Fire Resistance, FTIR, Dimensional Stability | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
-Arao, Y., Nakamura, S., Tomita, T., Takakuwa, K., Umemura, T. and Tanaka, T., 2014. Improvement on -Berube, M.A., Schorr, D., Ball, R.J., Landry, V. and Blanchet, P., 2018. Determination of in situ esterification parameters of citric acid-glycerol based polymers for wood impregnation. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 26(3), 970-979. -Britschke, C. and Rapp, A.O., 2004. Investigation of the suitability of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) for thermal modification. The International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Document No., IRG/WP 03/10457. -Caldeira, F., 2010. Boron in wood preservation–a review in its physico-chemical aspects. Silva Lusitana, -Despot, R., Hasan, M., Jug, M. and Šefc, B., 2008. Biological durability of wood modified by citric acid. Drvna industrija: Znanstveni časopis za pitanja drvne tehnologije, 59(2), 55-59. -Efhamisisi, D. and Hamzeh, Y., 2018. Borates and their applications to preserve wood-based composites. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 9(3), 411-428. -Esteves, B., Videira, R. and Pereira, H., 2011. Quality assessment of heat- treated wood by NIR spectroscopy. Holz Roh Werkstoff, 66(5), 323-332. -Fazeli, A. and Talaei, A., 2018. The effect of heat treatment and primary impregnation of Fir wood with borax on the fire resistance and thermal behavior. J. of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, 25(4), 71-86. -Feng, X., Xiao, Z., Sui, S., Wang, Q. and Xie, Y., 2014. Esterification of wood with citric acid: The catalytic effects of sodium hypophosphite (SHP). Holzforschung, 68(4), 427-433. -Ghorbani, M., Aghmashadi, Z.A., Amininasab, S.M. and Abedini, R., 2019. Effect of different coupling agents on chemical structure and physical properties of vinyl acetate/wood polymer composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136(19), 467-473. -Girardi, F., Cappelletto, E., Sandak, J., Bochicchio, G., Tessadri, B., Palanti, S.E. and Di Maggio, R., 2014. -Hasan, M., Despot, R., Katovic, D., Vukusic, S. B., Bogner, A., and Jambrekovic, V., 2007. Citric acid–promising agent for increased biological effectiveness of wood. In Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Wood Modification, pp. 275-278. -Hill CAS., 2006. Wood modification. Chemical, thermal and other processes. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, pp 239. -Homan, W. J. and Jorissen, A. J., 2004. Wood modification developments. Heron, 49(4), 360-369. -Huang, X., Kocaefe, D., Kocaefe, Y. and Pichette, A., 2018. Combined effect of acetylation and heat treatment on the physical, mechanical and biological behavior of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) wood. European journal of wood and wood products, 76(2), 525-540. -Kartal, S.N., Hwang, W.J. and Imamura, Y., 2007. Water absorption of boron-treated and heat-modified wood. Journal of Wood Science, 53(5), 454-457. -Larnøy, E., Karaca, A., Gobakken, L.R. and Hill, C.A.S., 2018. Polyesterification of wood using sorbitol and citric acid under aqueous conditions. International Wood Products Journal, 9(2), 66-73. -Iyiola, E.A., Olufemi, B., Oyerinde, V.O., Owoyemi, J.M. and Samuel, A., 2019. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Heat Treated Daniella oliveri (Africa Balsam Tree) Wood. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 1-9. -Moosavi, M., Madhoushi, M., Vakili, M. and Rasouli, D., 2016. Evaluation and identify the chemical structure of the main polymer of softwoods and hardwoods by FTIR spectroscopy. Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy, 6(18): 49-61. -Nine, M.J., Tran, D.N., Tung, T.T., Kabiri, S. and Losic, D., 2017. Graphene-Borate as an Efficient Fire -Osvaldova, L.M. and Gaff, M., 2017. Retardation effect on thermally-modified spruce wood. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 226(1), 537-546. -Percin, O., Peker, H. and Atilgan, A., 2016. The effect of heat treatment on the some physical and mechanical properties of beech (Fagus orientalis lipsky) wood. Wood Research, 61(3), 443-456. -Poshtiri, A.H., Taghiyari, H.R. and Karimi, A.N., 2014. Fire-retarding properties of nano-wollastonite in solid wood. Philippine agricultural scientist, 97(1), 52-59. -Reinprecht, L., 2016. Wood Deterioration, Protection and Maintenance. John Wiley & Sons, pp 337. -Reinprecht, L. and Grznárik, T., 2014. Fungal resistance of Scots pine modified with organo-silanes alone and in combination with fungicides. In The Seventh European Conference on Wood Modification (pp. oral-6A). Portugal: Lisbon. -Rezvani, M.H., Talaei, A. and Rajabi Cham Heidari, H., 2017. Modification of Paulownia wood with methylolated dimethyloldihydroxyethylenurea (mDMDHEU) and its effect on selected Strength Properties. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 32(3), 436-449. -Roohani, M. and Kord, B., 2017. Fire performance, mechanical strength and dimensional stability of wood flour–polyethylene composites under the influence of different fire retardants. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 8(1), 145- 158. -Rowell, R.M., 2005. Chemical Modification of Wood. Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites, pp 381. -Šefc, B., 2006. Wood properties when treated by citric acid. Disertation, Faculty of Forestry Zagreb, pp 92. -Shi, J., Xing, D. and Lia, J., 2012. FTIR studies of the changes in wood chemistry from wood forming tissue under inclined treatment. Energy Procedia, 16(3), 758-762. -Stark, N.M., Mueller, S.A., White R.H. and Osswald, T.A., 2010b. Effect of fire retardants on heat release -Stark, N.M., White, R.H., Mueller, S.A. and Osswald, T.A., 2010a. Evaluation of various fire retardants for use in wood flour-polyethylene composites. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 95(9), 1903-1910. -Taghizade Moftikolayi, F., Masteri Farahani, M.R., Khazayian, A., 2010. Surface Roughness of Linear Chain Carboxylic Acid Anhydride Modified Wood. J. of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, 17(2), 121-132. -Talaei, A. and Rezvani, M.H., 2016. Influence of Chemical Modification with Polycrease ECR on the Functional Performance of Poplar wood Polymer. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 32(1), 33-46. -Tondi, G., Thévenon, M.F., Mies, B., Standfest, G., Petutschnigg, A. and Wieland, S., 2013. Impregnation of Scots pine and beech with tannin solutions: effect of viscosity and wood anatomy in wood infiltration. Wood science and technology, 47(3), 615-626. -Tuong, V. M. and Li, J., 2010. Effect of heat treatment on the change in color and dimensional stability of Acacia hybrid wood. BioResources, 5(2), 1257-1267. -Umemura, K., Sugihara, O. and Kawai, S., 2013. Investigation of a new natural adhesive composed of citric acid and sucrose for particleboard. Journal of wood science, 59(3), 203-208. -Umemura, K., Ueda, T., Munawar, S. and Kawai, S., 2012. Application of citric acid as natural adhesive for wood. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 123(4), 1991–1996. -Wang, W., Cao, J., Cui, F. and Wang, X., 2012. Effect of pH on chemical components and mechanical properties of thermally modified wood. Wood and Fiber Science, 44(1), 46-53. -Widyorini, R., Yudha, A.P., Adifandi, Y., Umemura, K. and Kawai, S., 2013. Characteristic of Bamboo Particleboard Bonded with Citric Acid. Wood Research Journal, 4(1), 31-35. -Wu, Y., Yao, C., Hu, Y., Yang, S., Qing, Y. and Wu, Q., 2014. Flame retardancy and thermal degradation behavior of red gum wood treated with hydrate magnesium chloride. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20(5), 3536-3542. -Yuksel, M., Baysal, E., Toker, H. and Simsek, H., 2014. Combustion characteristics of Oriental beech wood impregnated with commonly used borates. Wood Research, 59(1), 39-49.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 764 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 691 |
||