| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,049 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,082 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 46,534,445 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,583,004 |
ارزیابی مؤلفه‌های روان‌آب در کرت‌های آزمایشگاهی با تیمار حفاظتی کاه‌وکلش | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 34، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 130، فروردین 1400، صفحه 112-125 اصل مقاله (957.86 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmej.2020.123747.1162 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مصطفی آدمی1؛ عبدالواحد خالدی درویشان* 2 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته‌ی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، مازندران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، مازندران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| حفاظت خاک با هدف کاهش‌دادن روان‌آب و فرسایش برای بهره‌برداری بهینه و پایدار از منابع طبیعی ضروری است. کاه‌وکلش برنج خاک‌پوش آلی دست‌رس و اقتصادی است که می‌توان آن را به‌ویژه در شمال کشور به‌کار برد. در این پژوهش اثر دو تراز پوشش 40 و 70 % کاه‌وکلش برنج بر برخی مولفه‌های کرت‌های 0/5×0/5 متر با دو نوع خاک میانه‌بافت-شنی و میانه‌بافت-شنی-رسی بررسی‌شد. با گرفتن سه تکرار برای هر تیمار، در مجموع 36 کرت با شیب 18% در شبیه‌سازی باران با دو شدت بارندگی 50 و90 میلی‌متر در ساعت آزموده شد. نتیجه‌ها نشان داد که کاه‌وکلش برنج در همه‌ی تیمارها تاثیر معنی‌داری در تراز اعتماد 99% بر افزایش زمان شروع و پایان روان‌آب، کاهش ضریب روان‌آب و میزان روان‌آب پس از پایان بارندگی دارد. بیش‌ترین تغییر افزایشی زمان شروع روان‌آب و کاهشی ضریب روان‌آب در پوشش 70% کاه‌وکلش در خاک میانه‌بافت-شنی-رسی به‌ترتیب با 353% افزایش و 108% کاهش نسبت به تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. به‌طور کلی پوشش 40% کاه‌وکلش تاثیر کاهنده‌ی بیش‌تری بر روان‌آب در خاک میانه‌بافت-شنی داشت، درحالی‌که اثرگزاری پوشش 70% کاه‌وکلش بر کاهش روان‌آب در خاک میانه‌بافت-شنی-رسی بیش‌تر بود. با افزایش رس، برای جلوگیری‌کردن از تخریب خاک‌دانه‌های سطحی خاک و در نتیجه افزایش‌دادن نفوذ و کاهش‌دادن ضریب روان‌آب به پوشش بیش‌تری نیاز است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اصلاح‌کننده‌ی آلی؛ بافت خاک؛ حفاظت خاک؛ شبیه‌ساز باران؛ ضریب روان‌آب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of Runoff Components in Laboratory Plots with Straw Conservation Treatment | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mostafa Adami1؛ Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan2 | ||
| 1Former Master Student, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Soil conservation aimed at reducing runoff and erosion is essential for the optimal and sustainable use of natural resources. Rice straw can be used as affordable and available organic mulch, especially in the north of the country. Effects of two coverage levels of 40 and 70% of rice straw on some hydrological components of 0.5×0.5 m plots with two types of soil with sandy-loam and sandy-clay-loam textures were investigated. Considering three replications for each treatment, 36 plots with a slope of 18% were placed under a rainfall simulator with two rainfall intensities of 50 and 90 mm h-1. The results showed that rice straw in all studied treatments had a significant effect (P≤0.01) on increasing time to runoff initiation and its end time, reducing runoff coefficient and runoff volume after the end of rainfall. The Maximum incremental changes in time to runoff and maximum decrease in runoff coefficient was in the 70% of straw treatment on the sandy-clay-loam texture with 353% increase and 108% decrease compared to control treatment, respectively. In general, 40% of straw coverage was more effective in reducing runoff in the sandy-loam soils, while the effect of 70% of straw coverage on runoff reduction was higher in the sandy-clay-loam soils. In other words, by increasing the percentage of clay, a higher covering percentage is needed to prevent the destruction of surface soil aggregates, thereby increasing permeability and reducing the runoff coefficient. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Organic amendment, rainfall simulator, runoff coefficient, soil conservation, soil texture | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Adelpour AA, Soufi M, Behnia AK. 2006. Evaluation of the impact of mulches in rain fed farms on soil conservation in the arid and semi-arid region in South of Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources. 13(2): 33–40. (In Persian). Arnaez J, Lasanta T, Ruiz-Flano P, Ortigosa L. 2007. Factors affecting Runoff and Erosion under Simulated Rainfall in Mediterranean vineyards. Soil and Tillage Research. 93(2): 324–334. Ben-Hur M. 2008. Seal formation effects on soil infiltration and runoff in arid and semiarid regions under rainfall and sprinkler irrigation conditions. In: Climatic changes and water resources in the Middle East and North Africa. pp. 429–452. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Blanco-Canqui H, Lal R. 2008. Corn Stover removal impacts on micro-scale soil physical properties. Geoderma. 145(3): 335–346. Burylo M, Dutoit T, Rey F. 2014. Species traits as practical tools for ecological restoration of marly eroded lands. Restoration Ecology. 22(5): 633–640. Castillo VM, Gomez-Plaza A, Martınez-Mena M. 2003. The role of antecedent soil water content in the runoff response of semiarid catchments, a simulation approach. Journal of Hydrology. 284(1): 114–130. Cerda A, Gonzalez-Pelayo O, Gimenez-Morera A, Jordan A, Pereira P, Novara A, Orenes FG. 2016. Use of barley straw residues to avoid high erosion and runoff rates on persimmon plantations in eastern Spain under low frequency–high magnitude simulated rainfall events. Soil Research. 54(2): 154–165. Cerdà A, Rodrigo-Comino J, Giménez-Morera A, Keesstra SD. 2017. An economic, perception and biophysical approach to the use of oat straw as mulch in Mediterranean rain fed agriculture land. Ecological Engineering. 108: 162–71. Chu X, Yang J, Chi Y, Zhang J. 2013. Dynamic puddle delineation and modeling of puddle‐to‐puddle filling‐spilling‐merging‐splitting overland flow processes. Water Research. 49(6): 3825–3829. Doring TF, Brandt M, Heß J, Finckh MR, Saucke H. 2005. Effects of straw mulch on soil nitrate dynamics, weeds, yield and soil erosion in organically grown potatoes. Field Crops Research. 94(2): 238–249. Fernandez C, Vega JA. 2014. Efficacy of Bark strands and straw mulching after wildfire in NW Spain: effects on erosion control and vegetation recovery. Ecological Engineering. 63: 50–57. Geissen V, Sanchez-Hernandez R, Kampichler C, Ramos-Reyes R, Sepulveda-Lozada A, Ochoa-Goana S, Hernandez-Daumas S. 2009. Effects of land-use change on some properties of tropical soils—an example from Southeast Mexico. Geoderma. 151(3): 87–97. Gholami L, Sadeghi SHR, Homaee M. 2013. Straw mulching effect on splash erosion, runoff, and sediment yield from eroded plots. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 77(1): 268–278. Gholami L. Sadeghi SHR, Homaee M. 2014. Effect of rice straw mulch on runoff threshold and coefficient from rainfall. Iranian Water Research Journal. 8(15): 33–40. (In Persian). Groen AH, Woods SW. 2008. Effectiveness of aerial seeding and straw mulch for reducing post-wildfire erosion, North-Western Montana, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 17(5): 559–571. Kahn MJ, Monke EJ, Foster GR. 1988. Mulch cover and canopy effect on soil loss. ASAE. 31: 706–711 Kavian A, Mohammadi M, Fallah M, Gholami L. 2015. Effect of wheat straw on changing time to runoff and runoff coefficient in laboratory plots under rainfall simulation. Journal Water and Soil Resources conservation. 5(2): 73–82. (In Persian). Khaledi Darvishan A, Homayonfar V, Sadeghi SHR. 2016a. Designing, construction and calibration of a portable rainfall simulator for field runoff and soil erosion studies. Journal of Watershed Management Sciences and Engineering of Iran. 10(34): 105–112. (In Persian). Khaledi Darvishan A, Homayounfar V, Sadeghi SHR. 2016b. The impact of standard preparation practice on the runoff and soil erosion rates under laboratory conditions. Solid Earth. 7(5): 1293–1302. Khaledi Darvishan A, Sadeghi SHR, Homaee M, Arabkhedri M. 2014a. Affectability of runoff threshold and coefficient from rainfall intensity and antecedent soil moisture content in laboratorial erosion plots. Iranian Water Research Journal. 8(15): 105–112. (In Persian). Khaledi Darvishan A, Sadeghi SHR, Homaee M, Arabkhedri M. 2014b. Measuring sheet erosion using synthetic color-contrast aggregates. Hydrological Processes. 28(15): 4463–4471. Khan MJ, Monke EJ, Foster GR. 1988. Mulch cover and canopy effect on soil loss. Transactions of the Asae. 31(3): 706–0711. Kukal SS, Sarkar M. 2010. Splash erosion and infiltration in relation to mulching and polyvinyl alcohol application in semi-arid tropics. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 56(6): 697–705. Kukal SS, Sarkar M. 2011. Laboratory simulation studies on splash erosion and crusting in relation to surface roughness and raindrop size. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science. 59(1): 87–93. Lattanzi AR, Meyer LD, Baumgardner MF. 1974. Influences of muleh rate and slope steepness on interrill erosion. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 38(6): 946–950. Lin J, Zhu G, Wei J, Jiang F, Wang MK, Huang Y. 2018. Mulching effects on erosion from steep slopes and sediment particle size distributions of gully colluvial deposits. Catena. 160: 57–67. Mamedov AI, Levy GJ, Shainberg I, Letey J. 2001. Wetting rate, sodicity, and soil texture effects on infiltration rate and runoff. Soil Research. 39(6): 1293–1305. Montenegro AAA, Abrantes JRCB, De Lima JLMP, Singh VP, Santos TEM. 2013. Impact of mulching on soil and water dynamics under intermittent simulated rainfall. Catena. 109: 139–149. Mousavi SF, Moazzeni M, Mostafazadeh–Fard B, Yazdani MR. 2012. Effects of rice straw incorporation on some physical characteristics of paddy soils. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 14(5): 1173–1183. Nikolic G, Spalevic V, Curovic M, Khaledi Darvishan A, Skataric G, Pajic M, Kavian A, Tanaskovik V. 2019. Variability of soil erosion intensity due to vegetation cover changes: case study of Orahovacka Rijeka, Montenegro. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 47(1): 237–248. Orsham A, Akhund Ali AM, Behnia A. 2009. Effect of soil antecedent moisture contents on runoff and sedimentation values with simulated rainfall method. Iranian Journal of Rangeland and Desert Research. 16(4):445–455. (In Persian). Prosdocimi M, Jordan A, Tarolli P, Keesstra S, Novara A, Cerda A. 2016. The immediate effectiveness of barley straw mulch in reducing soil erodibility and surface runoff generation in Mediterranean vineyards. Science of the Total Environment. 547: 323–330. Ramos MC, Nacci S, Pla I. 2003. Effect of raindrop impact and its relationship with aggregate stability to different disaggregation forces. Catena. 53(4): 365–376. Sadeghi SHR, Gholami L, Sharifi Moghadam E, Khaledi Darvishan A, Homaee M. 2015. Scale effect on runoff and soil loss control using rice straw mulch under laboratory conditions. Solid Earth. 6(1): 1–8. Sadeghi SHR, Sharifi Moghadam E, Gholami E. 2014. Effect of rice straw on surface runoff and soil loss in small plots. Journal Water and Soil Conservation. 3(4): 73–83. (In Persian). Santos FL, Reis JL, Martins OC, Castanheira NL, Serralheiro RP. 2003. Comparative assessment of infiltration, runoff and erosion of sprinkler irrigated soils. Biosystems Engineering. 86(3): 355–364. Shi ZH, Yue BJ, Wang L, Fang NF, Wang D, Wu FZ. 2013. Effects of mulch cover rate on interrill erosion processes and the size selectivity of eroded sediment on steep slopes. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 77(1): 257–267. Smets T, Poesen J, Knapen A. 2008. Spatial scale effects on the effectiveness of organic mulches in reducing soil erosion by water. Earth-Science Reviews. 89(1): 1–12. Sur HS, Ghuman BS. 1994. Soil management and rainwater conservation and use in alluvial soils under medium rainfall. Bulletin of Indian Society of Soil Science. 16: 56–65. Vaezi AR, Ahmadi M, Cerdà A. 2017. Contribution of raindrop impact to the change of soil physical properties and water erosion under semi-arid rainfalls. Science of the Total Environment. 583: 382–392. Vaezi AR, Hasanzadeh H. 2016. Investigation of soil loss from small plots with different soil textures in sequential simulated rainfall events. JWSS-Isfahan University of Technology. 20(75): 201–212. (In Persian). Vujacic D, Barovic G, Djekovic V, Andjelkovic A, Khaledi Darvishan A, Gholami L, Jovanovic M, Spalevic V. 2017. Calculation of sediment yield using the ‘river basin’ and ‘surface and distance’ models: a case study of the Sheremetski Potok watershed, Montenegro. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology. 18(3):1193-1201. Walling DE, Collins AL, Sichinabula HA, Leeks GJL. 2001. Integrated assessment of catchment suspended sediment budgets, a Zambian example. Land Degradation and Development. 12(5): 387–415. Wang Y, Yao Y, Lu J. 2001. Effect of stubble and straw mulch on soil and water erosion on loess slope land. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas. 20(4): 109–111. Won CH, Choi YH, Shin MH, Lim KJ, Choi JD. 2012. Effects of rice straw mats on runoff and sediment discharge in a laboratory rainfall simulation. Geoderma. 189–190: 164–169. Wuest SB, Williams JD, Gollany HT. 2006. Tillage and perennial grass effects on ponded infiltration for seven semi-arid loess soils. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 61(4): 218–223. Zheng Z, Qin F, Li T. 2015. Changes in soil surface micro relief of purple soil under different slope gradients and its effects on soil erosion. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. 31(8): 168–175. Zuzel JF, Pikul Jr JL. 1993. Effects of straw mulch on runoff and erosion from small agricultural plots in Northeastern Oregon. Soil Science. 156(2): 111–117. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 839 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 261 |
||