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شناسایی، پراکنش و تنوع کارکردی جدایههای ایرانی Pythium oligandrum | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| دوره 7، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 14، اسفند 1398، صفحه 91-112 اصل مقاله (591.66 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2020.122594 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زینب حقی1؛ رضا مستوفی‌زاده قلمفرسا* 2؛ حبیب الله حمزه زرقانی1 | ||
| 1دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران | ||
| 2مستوفی‌زاده قلمفرسا | ||
| چکیده | ||
| گونه Pythium oligandrum یکی از عوامل زیستمهار مهم در برابر بیمارگرهای گیاهی محسوب میشود. بر اساس آزمونهای ریختشناختی و مولکولی جدایههای این گونه از استانهای آذربایجان غربی، ایلام، بوشهر، چهارمحال و بختیاری، فارس، کرمانشاه، کرمان، گلستان و یزد جداسازی و شناسایی گردید. بیشترین فراوانی جدایهها به ترتیب در استانهای کرمانشاه و فارس مشاهده شد. به منظور غربالگری، تنوع کارکردی جدایهها بر اساس دمای رشد و اثر مهار زیستی آنها در شرایط آزمایشگاه ارزیابی شد. اثر جدایههای بومی P. oligandrum در برابر قارچ‌های بیمارگر خاک‌برد شامل Rhizoctonia solani، Phytophthora parasitica، Fusarium solani، F. redoens، F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici و F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi با واکاوی‌های آماری ناپارامتریک ارزیابی و با سویههای تجاری Fusarium oxysporum، Clonostachys rosea، P. oligandrum و Trichoderma asperellum مقایسه گردید. جدایههای بومی P. oligandrum در دمای رشدی و فعالیتهای زیستمهاری خود دارای تنوع بودند. بیشترین میزان بازدارندگی رشد ریسه در برهمکنش جدایه‌ی P. oligandrum با R. solani مشاهده شد. ترکیبات فرّار این جدایهها بیشترین اثر معنی‌دار را روی P. parasitica وR. solani و کمترین اثر را روی F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici نشان دادند. همچنین ترکیبات غیرفرّار آنها بیشترین اثر معنی‌دار خود را روی P. parasitica نشان دادند. در آزمونهای ترکیبات فرّار و غیرفرّار، در اکثر تیمارها بین فرم تجاری P. oligandrum و جدایههای P. oligandrumتفاوتمعنیداری مشاهده نشد. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که ویژگیهای رشدی و توان جدایههای بومی P. oligandrumدر مهار بیمارگرهای گیاهی مختلف، در شرایط آزمایشگاهی متفاوت است و از تنوع موجود میتوان در غربال‌گری‌های بیوشیمیایی و گلخانه‌ای آنها استفاده کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اُاُمیکوتا؛ بیمارگرهای گیاهی خاک‌برد؛ تنوع؛ مهار زیستی؛ سازوکاره | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Identification, distribution and functional diversity of Iranian isolates of Pythium oligandrum | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zeinab Haghi1؛ Reza Mostowfizadeh–Ghalamfarsa2؛ Habiballah Hamzeh Zarghani1 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Pythium oligandrum is known as an important biological agent against plant pathogens. Isolates from different regions of Iran including Bushehr, Bakhtiari, Chaharmahal, Fars, Golestan, Ilam, Kermanshah, Kerman, West Azerbaijan and Yazd were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The highest recovering frequency of isolates was observed in Kermanshah and Fars provinces. The functional diversity of isolates based on their growth temperature and biological control effect under laboratory conditions was evaluated. The antagonistic effects of native P. oligandrum isolates were evaluated against soil–borne fungal pathogens including Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora parasitica, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi using nonparametric statistics, and compered with commercial products of various biocontrol agents such as Clonostachys rosea, Fusarium oxysporum, P. oligandrum and Trichoderma spp. The native isolates of P. oligandrum were diverse in their growth temperature and biocontrol activities. The highest mycelial growth inhibition was found in the interaction between P. oligandrum isolates and R. solani. A significant difference between P. oligandrum isolates was found by evaluating their volatile compounds. The isolates of P. oligandrum showed maximum inhibition on P. parasitica and R. solani and minimum inhibition on F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The non–volatile compounds had the highest significant effect on P. parasitica as well. The result of this study showed that the growth characteristics and the in vitro biocontrol ability of the native isolates of P. oligandrum on various plant pathogens were different. This variety can be employed in biochemical and greenhouse screening of the isolates. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| biological control, diversity, mechanisms, Oomycota, soil–borne plant pathogens | ||
| مراجع | ||
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