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تأثیر ارتفاع از سطح دریا بر تنوع مورفولوژیک و اجزاء متشکله اسانس جاشیر Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. | ||
| تحقیقات ژنتیک و اصلاح گیاهان مرتعی و جنگلی ایران | ||
| دوره 28، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 55، شهریور 1399، صفحه 132-148 اصل مقاله (812.89 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrfpbgr.2020.127515.1353 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| پیمان آذرکیش1؛ محمد مقدم* 2؛ فاطمه خاکدان3؛ عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی4 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 3استاد، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرقدس، تهران | ||
| 4استادیار، گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشگاه خواهران سمنان (فرزانگان) | ||
| چکیده | ||
| جاشیر (Prangos spp.)گیاهی علوفهای و دارویی و بومی برخی نواحی ایران است که در طب سنتی در درمان بسیاری از بیماریها مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد. در این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر ارتفاع از سطح دریا بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و کمیت و کیفیت اسانسPrangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. ، از رویشگاه طبیعی این گونه در کوه سیوک شهرستان دنا، استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد تعداد 10 پایه از هر طبقه ارتفاعی از سطح دریا (2000-1600، 2400-2000 و 2800-2400 متر) جمع آوری شدند و 30 ویژگی کمی، میزان و اجزاء متشکله اسانس آنها اندازه گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانیس یکطرفه حاکی از اختلاف معنیداری بین طبقات ارتفاعی (p <0.01) از نظر اکثر صفات مورفولوژیکی مورد مطالعه بود و با افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا در سه طبقه ارتفاعی، صفات تعداد انشعاب بدون چتر، تعداد برگ در پایه و تعداد برگچه اولیه در برگ کاهش و صفات تعداد چتر در پایه، طول برگ، طول میانگره در ساقه اصلی، وزن تر و خشک پایه افزایش یافت. همبستگی‌های معنیداری بین برخی از صفات مورفولوژیک مهم و مرتبط با میزان اسانس گیاه مثل تعداد برگ و تعداد چتر در پایه مشاهده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل ضرایب مسیر صفات مورفولوژیک نشان داد ارتفاع محل رویش بیشترین تأثیر را بر صفات قطر عرضی تاج پوشش (733/0=P) و عرض برگ (857/0=P) داشت. به‌طورکلی در سه طبقه ارتفاعی مختلف 22 ترکیب شناسایی شد که ترکیبات عمده ∆-3-Carene، α-Pinene، (Z)-β-Ocimene، Myrcene، β-Phellandrene و α-Terpinolene بودند. ارتفاع محل بر بازده اسانس تأثیر منفی داشت. در مجموع نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که اغلب صفات مورد مطالعه در جاشیر به شدت تحت تأثیر ارتفاع محل برداشت قرار گرفتند. به‌طوری‌که تقریباً تمامی ویژگیها بین طبقات ارتفاعی دارای اختلاف معنیداری بودند. در نهایت میتوان تنوع مشاهده شده را به نقش ارتفاع از سطح دریا و ساختار ژنتیکی جمعیتها مربوط دانست که میتواند نوعی سازگاری و پاسخ فیزیولوژیکی جاشیر به شرایط محیطی محسوب شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ارتفاع از سطح دریا؛ اسانس؛ جاشیر؛ صفات مورفولوژیک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of altitude on morphological diversity and essential oil constitutes of Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Peyman Azarkish1؛ Mohammad Moghaddam2؛ Fatimah Khakdan3؛ Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti4 | ||
| 1PhD. Graduated , Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, I.R. Iran. | ||
| 2Assoc. Prof., Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, I.R. Iran. | ||
| 3Prof., Research Center for Medicinal Plants, Islamic Azad University, Shahre Qods Branch, Tehran, I.R. Iran. | ||
| 4Assist. Prof., Department of Biology, Women's University of Semnan (Farzanegan), Semnan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Jashir (Prangos spp.) is forage, medicinal and indigenous herb from some parts of Iran that is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of altitude on morphological traits and essential oil compounds of Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. at the flowering stage in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. For this purpose, 10 plants were selected from each of three altitudes (2000-1600, 2400-2000 and 2800-2400 m above sea level). Measurements were made for 30 morphological traits and essential oil content and compositions of the plants in each altitude. Result of one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference among altitudes classes (p < /em><0.01) for most of traits. The results showed that with increasing altitude, the number of branches, the number of leaves per plant and the number of primary leaflets decreased and the number of umbrellas per plant, leaf length, internode length, fresh and dry weight of plant increased. Significant correlations were observed between some important morphological traits such as (leaf number and umbrellas number, leaf length, internode length, fresh and dry weights) with the essential oil content. Path coefficients analysis of morphological traits showed that altitude had the greatest effect on the canopy diameter (P = 0.733) and leaf width (P= 0.857). In total, 22 compounds of essential oil were identified in three different altitude classes. The major compounds were Δ-3-carene, α-pinene, (Z)-β-ocimene, myrcene, β-phellandrene, and α-terpinolene. Altitude had a negative effect on the essential oil yield. Overall, the results of this study showed that the many of the studied traits in P. ferulacea were strongly affected by altitude and there were significant differences among the three altitude classes. Finally, the observed diversity can be related to the role of altitude and the genetic structure of the populations, which can also be considered as a kind of adaptation and physiological response of Jashir to environmental conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Altitude, Essential oil, Jashir, Morphological traits | ||
| مراجع | ||
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