| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,027 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,816 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 45,210,994 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 58,689,516 |
تاثیر گرافیت اصلاح‌شده در انتشار فرمالدهید از تخته فیبر نیمه سنگین (MDF) | ||
| تحقیقات علوم چوب و کاغذ ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 35، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 73، دی 1399، صفحه 348-361 اصل مقاله (698.25 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijwpr.2020.343601.1624 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رضا جزایری1؛ سعید کاظمی نجفی* 1؛ حبیب الله یونسی2؛ ابوالفضل کارگرفرد3 | ||
| 1گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران | ||
| 2گروه محیط زیست دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس نور ایران | ||
| 3عضو هیئت علمی بخش تحقیقات علوم چوب و فرآوردههای آن، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این تحقیق اثر گرافیت و دو ماده گرافیتی اصلاح‌شده در کاهش انتشار فرم‌آلدهید تخته فیبر نیمه‌سنگین (MDF) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور گرافیت انبساط‌‌یافته (EG) از گرافیت (G) و گرافیت انبساط‌‌یافته اصلاح‌شده (MnO2-EG) از طریق فرآیند اینترکالیشن گرافیت انبساط‌‌یافته با دی اکسید منگنز تولید گردیدند. آزمونهای تعیین ویژگیهای ملکولی شامل تفرق اشعه X (XRD) و طیف‌سنجی پراش انرژی پرتو X (SEM-EDS) در خصوص مواد گرافیتی تولید‌شده انجام شد. ضمنا آزمون کالریمتری روبشی تفاضلی(DSC) برای ارزیابی رفتار حرارتی رزین تحت تاثیر مواد گرافیتی صورت پذیرفت. مواد موصوف به عنوان افزودنی در سه مقدار مصرف 1، 2 و 3 درصد وزنی(وزن خشک رزین) به رزین اوره فرم‌آلدهید افزوده و سپس از الیاف چسب‌خورده، تخته فیبر نیمه‌سنگین (MDF) با دانسیته اسمیkg/m3 750 ساخته شد. پس از ساخت تخته، آزمون انتشار فرم‌آلدهید روی نمونه‌های آزمون به روش دسیکاتور انجام شد. در مجموع MnO2-EG در مقایسه با شاهد و دو تیمار گرافیتی دیگر نتایج بهتری را نشان داد به طوری که در مقدار مصرف 3 درصد ،انتشار فرم‌آلدهید را حدود 61 درصد کاهش داد. به نظر می رسد ملکول‌های فرم‌آلدهید جذب‌شده به لایه‌های گرافیتی انبساط‌‌یافته در معرض اکسیداسیون توسط ملکول‌های دی‌اکسید منگنز قرار گرفتند. از طرف دیگر همان‌گونه که آزمون DSC نشان داد بالاترین میزان آنتالپی واکنش در رزین حاوی MnO2-EG پدید آمد که نمایانگر افزایش واکنش ملکول‌های فرم‌آلدهید در ساختار رزین بوده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| رزینUF؛ گرافیت انبساط یافته؛ دی اکسید منگنز؛ انتشار فرمالدهید | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Influence of modified graphite on formaldehyde emission from medium density fiberboard ( MDF) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Reza Jazayeri1؛ saeed kazemi najafi1؛ Habibollah Younesi2؛ Abolfazl Kargarfard3 | ||
| 1Wood science and technology department, Tarbiat modares university, Noor, Iran | ||
| 2Environment department natural resources faculty Tarbiat modares university noor Iran | ||
| 3Wood and Forest Products Science Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran, | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In this study, the effect of graphite and two modified graphite materials in reducing formaldehyde emission of medium density fiberboard (MDF) was investigated. For this purpose, expanded graphite (EG) was syntesyzed from graphite (G) and modified expanded graphite (MnO2-EG) was produced through the intercalation process of expanded graphite with manganese dioxide. Thus, three graphite materials were prepared for resin treatment. Molecular tests including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were performed to determine their molecular properties,. In addition, the differential scanning caliber test (DSC) test was performed to evaluate the thermal behavior of the resin under the influence of these graphite materials as additive. The additives were added to urea formaldehyde resin at three levels of consumption of 1, 2 and 3%, and then medium density fiberboard (MDF) with a density of 750 kg/m3 was made from glued fibers. After making the board, the formaldehyde emission test was performed by desiccator method. Overall, MnO2-EG showed better results than control and two other graphite treatments. The best performance was resulted by MnO2-EG at level 3% so that reduced formaldehyde emission by about 61%. It seams the formaldehyde molecules absorbed into the expanded graphite layers were exposed to oxidation by manganese dioxide molecules. On the other hand, as the DSC test showed, the highest anthalopy reaction occurred in resin treated by MnO2-EG, indicating an increase in the reaction of formaldehyde molecules in the resin structure. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| UF resin, expanded graphite, manganese dioxide, formaldehyde emission | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
-Barazandeh, M.M., Hosseinkhani, H., Eshaghi, S. and Fakhrian, A., 2013. Evaluation of formaldehyde emissions from composite wood products, Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 28 (2): 197-204. -Boran S., Usta M., Gumuskaya E., 2011. Decreasing formaldehyde emission from medium density fiberboard panels produced by adding different amine compounds to urea formaldehyde resin, International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesive, 31: 674-678. -Chen, T., Dou, H.Y., Li, X.L., Tang, X.F; Li, J.H. and Hao, J.M., 2009. Tunnel structure effect of manganese oxides in complete oxidation of formaldehyde. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 122: 270-274. -Darmawan, S., Sofyan, K., Pari, G. and Sugiyanto, K., 2010. Effect of activated charcoal addition on formaldehyde emission of medium density fiberboard. Journal of Forestry Research, 2: 100-111. -Deshpande, A. and LeRoy, B.J., 2012. Scanning probe microscopy of graphene. Physica, E44: 743–759. -Dosthosseini, K., 2007. Wood Comosite Materials. Tehran University Publication (2487), Iran, 708p. -Dunky, M., 1998. Urea–formaldehyde (UF) adhesive resins for wood. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 18(2): 95-107. -EN 310 Standard. 1993. Wood Based Panel. Department of Modulus of Elasticity in Bending and Bending Strength, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium. -EN 317 Standard. 1993. Particleboard and Fiberboards. Determination of Swelling in Thickness after Immersion in Water, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium. -EN 319. 1993. Determination of Tensile Strength Perpendicular to the Plane of the Board, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium. -EN 323 Standard. 1999. Wood Based Panels, Determination of the Density, European Committee for Standardization. Brussels, Belgium. -Hosseinzadegan, A., 2016. Study of graphene-based structures using micro Raman spectroscopy. Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Fotonic Master's Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran. -International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Formaldehyde, 2-butox-yethanol and 1-tert-butoxy-propanol, World Health Organization, Lyon, France,2006. -Iranian Employers Association of Forest Products, 2018. Information excerpts from the global and national market for wood composites, http://www.iranwoodind.com/main_fa.asp?status=statistics. -ISO 12460-4. 2014. Wood-based panels. Determination of formaldehyde Release, Part 4: Desiccator method, Austrian Standards Institute, Austria. -Kumar, A., Gupta, A., Sharma, K.V., Nasir, M. and Ahmad Khan, T., 2013. Influence of activated charcoalas filler on the properties of wood composites. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 46: 34-39. -Kumar, A., Gupta, A. and Sharma, K.V., 2014. Thermal and mechanical properties of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin combined with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as nanofiller and fiberboards prepared by UF-MWCNT. Holzforschung, 69(2): 199-205. -Lee J H & Kim S., 2010. The Confirmation of the Adsorption Performance of Graphite for VOCs and Basic Science Research. Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. -Lin, H., Chen, D., Liu, H., Zou, X. and Chen, T., 2017. Effect of MnO2 Crystalline Structure on the Catalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde. Aerosol Air Qual Res, 17: 1011-1020, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2017.01.0013 -Salthammer, T., Mentese, S. and Marutzky, R., 2010. Formaldehyde in the Indoor Environment. Chem Rev, 110, P: 2538 Building and Environment, 150: 219-232. -Shabani Navir, N., 2013. Modified activated carbon effect on formaldehyde emission from particle board, M.Sc thesis, Tehran University. -Sekine, Y., 2002. Oxidative decomposition of formaldehyde by metal oxide at room temperature. Atmospheric Environment, 36:5543–7. -Schwarz, J.A., Contescu, C. and Contescu, A., 1995. Methods of preparation of catalyticmaterials, Chemical Reviews, 95:477–510. -Saroyan, H., Kyzas, G Z. and Deliyann, E.A., 2019. Effective Dye Degradation by Graphene Oxide Supported Manganese Oxide, Processes, 7 (40), doi: 10.3390 / pr7010040. -Spengler, J.D., Samet, J.M., McCarthy, J.F., 2001. Indoor air quality handbook. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, New York. -Tsai, K., Kuan, H.C., Chou, H.W., Kuan, C.F., Chen, C.H. and Chiang, C.L., 2011. Preparation of expandable graphite using a hydrothermal method and flame-retardant properties of its halogen-free flame-retardant HDPE composites. J Polym Res, 18: 483–488, DOI 10.1007/s10965-010-9440-2. -Wang, J. and Zhang, P., 2015. Room-Temperature Oxidation of Formaldehyde by Layered Manganese Oxide: Effect of Water. Environ Sci Technol, 49 (20): 12372–12379. -World Health Organization WHO 2010, Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: SelectedPollutants, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen. -Yang, A., 27111-y"Zhu, Y. and 01827111-y"Huang, C.P., 2018. Facile preparation and adsorption performance of graphene oxide-manganese oxide composite for uranium. Scientific Reports, 8(9058), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27111-y. -Younesi, H., Kazemi Najafi, S. and Behroz, R., 2016. Influence of nanoclay on physiochemical, thermal and structural properties of urea formaldehyde resin. Journal of Forest and Wood Product (Iranian Journal of Natural resources), 69(3): 561-570. -Zhang, C; He, J X; Kazukiyo, K; Wenhao, Chen. 2013, An improved mechanism-based model for predicting the long-term formaldehyde emissions from composite wood products with exposed edges and seams, Environment International Volume 132, November 2019, 105086 - Zhou, L., He, J., Zhang, J., He, Z., Hu, Y., Zhang, C., and He, H., 2011. Facile In-Situ Synthesis of Manganese Dioxide Nanosheets on Cellulose Fibers and their Application in Oxidative Decomposition of Formaldehyde. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 115 (34): 16873-16878, DOI: 10.1021/jp2050564. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 635 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 478 |
||