Effects of herbal growth promoters and prebiotic( lactose) on performance, carcass characteristics and small intestinal morphology of broiler chickens

حجازیان، س.ح، دشتی، م.ح. سلامی، ا. (1386). اثر ضد درد عصاره الکلی زنیان بر درد مزمن موش سوری. فصلنامه پژوهشی تحقیقات دارویی و معطر، 23 (4): 468-476.

شجاعیان، ک. حبیبی، ر. شهریاری، ر. جلیلوند، ق. (1396). تأثیر سطوح مختلف پودر برگ اکالیپتوس بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و پاسخ ایمنی در جوجه­های گوشتی. نشریه پژوهش­های علوم دامی، 27 (1): ص 94-81.

Akbari, M., Torki, M. and Kaviani, K. (2016). Single and combined effects of peppermint and thyme essential oils on productive performance, egg quality traits, and blood parameters of laying hens reared under cold stress condition (6.8±3 ^°C). International Journal of Biometeorology. 60: 447-454.

Alcicek, A., Bozkurt, M. and Cabuk, M. (2003). The effect of an essential oil combination derived from selected herbs growing wild in turkey on broiler performance. South African Journal of  Animal  Science. 33: 89-94.

Barbour, E.K., Bragg, R.R., Karrouf, G., Iyer, A., Azhar, E., Harakeh, S. and Kumosani, T. (2015). Control of eight predominant Eimeria spp. involved in economic coc-cidiosis of broiler chicken by a chemically characterized essential oil. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 118: 583-591.

Bolacali, M. and Irak, K. (2017). Effect of dietary yeast autolysate on performance, slaughter, and carcass characteristics, as well as blood parameters, in quail of both genders. South African Journal of Animal Science. 47:460-470.

Cabuk, M., Bozkurt, M., Alcicek, A., Akbas, Y. and Kucukyilmaz. K. (2006). Effect of a herbal essential oil mixture on growth and internal organ weight of broilers from young and old breeder flocks. South African Journal of Animal Science.36: 135–141.

Cross, D.E., McDevitt, R.M., Hillman, K. and Acamovic, T. (2007). The effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. British Poultry Science. 48: 496-506.

Demir, E., Kilinc, K., Yildirim, Y., Dincer, F. and Eseceli, H. (2008). Comparative Effects of Mint, Sage, Thyme and Flavomycin in Wheat-Based Broiler Diets. Archiva Zootechnica. 11: 54-63.

Denli, M., Okan, F. and Uluocak, A.M. (2004). Effect of dietary supplementation of herb essential oils on the growth performance, carcass and intestinal characteristics of quail (conturnix conturnix japonica). S. Afr. J. anim. Sci. 34: 174-179.

Ertas, O.N., Guler, T., Ciftci, M., Dalkilic, B. and Yilmaz, O. (2005). The effect of a dietary supplement coriander seeds on the fatty acid composition of breast muscle in japanese quail. Revue de Medecine Veterinary. 156: 514–518.

Farhadi, D., Karimi, A., Sadeghi, G., Sheikhahmadi, A., Habibian, M., Raei, R., and Sobhani, K. (2017). Effects of using eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus L.) leaf powder and its essential oil on growth performance and immune response of broiler chickens. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 18: 60-62.

Ferket, P.R., 2002. Use of oligosaccharides and gut modifiers as replacements for dietary antibiotics. Proc. 63^th Minnesota Nutrition Conference. September 17-18, Eagan, MN, pp. 169-182.

Fulton, R.M., Nersessian, B.N. and Reed, W.M. (2002). Prevention of Salmonella enteritidis infection in commercial ducklings by oral chicken egg derived antibody alone or in combination with probiotics. Poultry Science. 81: 34-39.

Giannenas, I.A., Florou-paneri, P., Papazahariadou, M., Christaki, E., Botsoglou, N.A. and Spais, A.B. (2003). Effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection with eimeria tenella. Archive of Animal Nutrition. 57: 99-106.

Grashorn, M.A. (2010). Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition-an alternative to in feed antibiotics? Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. 19: 338–347.

Iji, P., Saki, A.A. and Trivery. D.R. (2001). Intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens on diets supplemented with a mannanoligosaccharide. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 81: 1186-1192.

Jamroz, D., Wertelecki, T., Houszka, M. and Kamel, C. (2006). Influence of diet type on the inclusion of plant origin active substances on morphological and histochemical characteristics of the stomach and jejunum walls in chicken. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 90: 255-268

Jang, I.S., Ko, Y.H., Kang, S.Y. and Lee, C.Y. (2007). Effect of commercial essential oils on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and intestinal microflora population in broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 134:304–315

Maiorka, A., Santin, E., Sugeta, S.M., Almeida, J.G., Macari, M. (2001). Utilizaç.o de prebi.tico, probi.tico ou simbi.tico em dietas para frangos. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. 3: 75-82.

Manzanilla, E.G., Perez, J.F., Martin, M., Kamel, C., Baucells, F. and Gasa, J. (2004). Effect of plant extracts and formic acid on the intestinal equilibrium of early-weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Science. 82: 3210-3218.

Najafi, P. and Torki, M. (2010). Performance, blood metabolites and immunocompetaence of broiler chicks fed diets included essential oils of medicinal herbs. Journal of Animal Veterinary Advvanses. 9: 1164-1168.

Nasir, Z. and Grashorn, M.A. (2010). Echinacea. A potential feed and water additive in poultry and swine production. European Poultry Science. 73, 227-236.

Ocak, N., Erener, F., Burak, A.k., Sungu, M., Altop, A. and Ozmen, A. (2008). Performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with dry peppermint (mentha piperita l.) Or thyme (thymus vulgaris l.) Leaves as growth promoter source. Czech Journal of Animal Science. 53: 169-175.

Pelicano, E.R.L., Souza, P.A., Souza, H.P.A., Figueiredo, D.F., Boiago, M., Carvalho, S.R. and Bordon, V.F. (2005). Intestinal mocusa development in broiler chickens fed natural growth promoters. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. 7:12-20.

Rahimi, S., Teymouri zadeh, Z., Karimi torshizi, M.A., Omidbaigi, R. and Rokni, H. (2011). Effect of the three herbal extracts on growth performance, immune system, blood factors and intestinal selected bacterial population in broiler chickens. Journal of Agriculteral Science and Technology. 13: 527-539.

Santoso, U., Tanaka, K. and Ohtanis, S. (1995). Effect of dried Bacillus subtilis culture on growth, body composition and hepatic lipogenic enzyme activity in female broiler chicks. British Journal of Nutrition. 74: 523-529.

Sarangi, N.R., Babu, L.K., Kumar, A., Pradhan, C.R., Pati, P.K., Mishra, J.P. (2016). Effect of dietary supplementation of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Veterinary World. 9: 313-319.

SAS software. (2001). SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 9.2, SAS Institute, North Carolina, USA.

Sims, M.D., Dawsom, K.A., Newman, K.E., Spring, P. and Hooge, D.M. (2004). Effects of mannan oligosaccharide, bacitracin methylene disalicylate, or both on live performance and intestinal microbiology of turkeys. Poultry Science. 83: 1148-1154.

Takahashi, S.E., Mendes, A.A., Saldanha, E.S.P.B., Pizzolante, C.C. and PelÃcia, K. (2004). Efici.ncia da utiliza.§.£o de prebi.³ticos e probi.³ticos sobre o desempenho, rendimento, qualidade de carne e presen.§a de Salmonella spp na carca.§a de frangos de corte tipo colonial. Brithish Journal of Poulty Science. 6:99-104.

Toghyani, M., Tohidi, M., Ghaisari, A.A. and Tabaidian, S.A. (2011). Performance and, immunity, Biochemical and hematological parameters in broiler chicks fed dietary thyme as alternative for an antibiotic growth promoter. African Journal of Biotechnoloy. 9: 6819-6825.

Visek, W.J. (1978). The mode of Growth Promotion by Antibiotics. J. Anim. Sci. 46:1447-1469.

Williams, P. and Losa, R. (2002). Blending essential oils for poultry. Feed. Mix.10: 8-9.

Windisch, K., Schedle, C., Plitzner, and A. Kroismayr. (2008). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. Journal of Animal Science. 86 (E. Suppl.): 140–148.

Yang, Y., Iji, P.A. and M. Choct. (2009). Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. World’s poult. Sci. J. 65: 97-114.

Yasar, S. and Desen, E. (2014). Efficacy of a feed probiotic bacteria (Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415), spore (Bacillus subtilis ATCC PTA-6737) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in Japanese quails. Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnology. 71:63-70.