| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,037 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,984 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 45,778,113 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,192,215 |
ارزش غذایی و عناصر معدنی گونه‌هایArtemisia austriaca ، A. melanolepis و Thymus kotschyanus در مراحل فنولوژیکی و ارتفاعات مختلف مراتع جنوب شرقی سبلان | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 27، شماره 4، دی 1399، صفحه 722-731 اصل مقاله (1.22 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2020.123146 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اردوان قربانی* 1؛ لیدا عندلیبی2؛ فرید انفرادی3؛ فرزاد میرزایی آقچه قشلاق4؛ جمال سیف دواتی5؛ جابر شریفی نیارق6 | ||
| 1دانشیار گروه منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری علوم ومهندسی مرتع، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران | ||
| 3دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران | ||
| 5استادیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران | ||
| 6استادیار پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اطلاعات کیفیت علوفه به مدیران مرتع در انتخاب روش‌های چرایی مناسب به منظور ارتقاء عملکرد دام‌ها بدون صدمه زدن به اکوسیستم کمک می‌کند. هدف این تحقیق بررسی ارزش غذایی سه گونه مرتعی Thymus kotschyanus، Artemisia melanolepisو Artemisia austriaca در مراحل فنولوژی و ارتفاعات مختلف در سال 1395 بوده است. با توجه به حضور گونهها، سه مکان در جنوبشرقی سبلان در محدوده پیست اسکی آلوارس در دامنه ارتفاعی 2400-2200، 2600-2800 و 3200-3000 متر از سطح دریا انتخاب شدند. در هر سایت تعداد 50 نمونه از پایه‌های گونهها در سه مرحله فنولوژیکی برداشت شد. ارزش غذایی گونهها با تعیین درصد ماده‌خشک، خاکستر، ماده‌آلی، پروتئین‌خام، درصد چربی، دیواره سلولی بدون همی‌سلولز[1] و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی[2]، عناصر ماکرو (نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم و سدیم) و میکرو (آهن، روی، مس و منگنز) در آزمایشگاه اندازه‌گیری و با استفاده از تجزیه واریانس در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی ارزیابی شد. برای مقایسه میانگین از روش چند دامنه‌ای دانکن استفاده شد. با توجه به تفاوت ارتفاع در رویشگاه T.kotschyanus و A.melanolepis، تأثیر ارتفاع بر صفات این گونهها بهطور جداگانه با آزمون t مستقل بررسی و نتایج نشان داد تغییرات ارتفاع بر ارزشغذایی و عناصر ماکرو و میکرو T. kotschyanus و A. melanolepis تأثیری نداشت. اختلاف بین مراحل فنولوژیکی در گونهها معنیدار بود. بیشترین و کمترین درصد ماده آلی در مرحله بذردهی و رویشی به ترتیب در A. austriaca (43/94 درصد) و A. melanolepis (49/91 درصد) بود. با پیشرفت مراحل رشد، کاهش معنی‌داری در درصد چربی، پروتئین‌خام و خاکستر در گونهها مشاهده شد (05/0p <). بیشترین پروتئین خام در A.melanolepis در مرحله رویشی (17 درصد) و کمترین در A. austriaca در مرحله بذردهی (5/7 درصد) مشاهده شد. با پیشرفت مراحل رشد ماده آلی و خشک، NDF و ADF در گونهها افزایش یافت. فسفر، پتاسیم، نیتروژن و سدیم در گونهها با پیشرفت مراحل فنولوژی کاهش معنی‌داری داشت (05/0p <). بیشترین فسفر در مرحله رویشی در A. austriaca (34/0 درصد) و کمترین (12/0 درصد) در T. kotschyanus در مرحله بذردهی ثبت شد. در مجموع گونه‌های A.austriaca، A.melanolepis وT. kotschyanus دارای ارزش غذایی بالا و عناصر معدنی مناسب که میتوان آنها را به عنوان علوفه جایگزین در شرایطی که سایر گونه‌های علوفهای مرتع تقلیل یافته‌اند، استفاده کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تامین علوفه؛ مراحل رویشی؛ دیواره سلولی بدون همی‌سلولز؛ الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی؛ پروتئین خام؛ درصد چربی؛ تغذیه دام | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Nutritional value and minerals of Artemisia austriaca, A. melanolepis and Thymus kotschyanus in different altitudes and phenological stages in southeastern rangelands of Sabalan | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ardavan Ghorbani1؛ Lida Andalibi2؛ Farid Enferadi3؛ Farzad Aghche Gheshlagh4؛ Jamal Seyf Davati5؛ Jaber Sharifi Niaragh6 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili . Iran | ||
| 2PhD student in Rangeland Science and Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran | ||
| 3Former M.Sc. Student of Range Management, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran | ||
| 4Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran | ||
| 5Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran | ||
| 6Assistant Professor, Ardabil Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Forage quality information could help managers of rangelands to select appropriate grazing method to achieve higher animal performance without damage to ecosystem. The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional value of Thymus kotschyanus, Artemisia melanolepis and A. austriaca in different altitudes and phenological stages in 2016. According to the presense of the selected species, three rangeland sites in the southeast of Sabalan near Alvares ski resort including 2200-2400, 2600-2800, and 3000-3200 meters above sea level were selected. At each site 50 samples from each species were taken at three phenological stages. The nutritional value of the species was determined by measuring the percentage of dry matter, ash, organic matter, protein, fat, Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), macro elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sodium) and micro elements (iron, zinc, copper and manganese) and the results were analyzed in a completely randomized design using ANOVA. Duncan's multiple range test was used to compare the means. Considernig the difference in altitude in the habitat of T. kotschyanus and A. melanolepis, the effect of altitude factor on the studied traits in these two species was solely evaluated by independent t-test and the results showed that, altitude changes had no effect on the nutritional value and macro and micro elements of T. kotschyanus and A. melanolepis. The difference between phenological stages in species was significant. The highest and lowest percentage of organic matter were in seedling and growth stages for A. austriaca (94.43%) and A. melanolepis (91.49%), respectively. As phenological stages pass, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of fat, protein and ash in all three species (p < 0.05). The highest crude protein was observed in A. melanolepis at vegetative stage (17%) and the lowest in A. austriaca at seedling stage (7.5%). With the development of growth stages organic and dry matter, NDF and ADF were increased in the species. Phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and sodium in the species were decreased significantly as phenological stages progress (p < 0.05). The highest phosphorus was recorded at vegetative stage in A. austriaca (0.34%) and the lowest (0.12%) in T. kotschyanus at the seedling stage. Overall, A. austriaca, A. melanolepis and T. kotschyanus have high nutritional value and suitable minerals, which can be used as substitute forage when other forage species are reduced in a given rangeland. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Forage supply, Growth stages, Acid Detergent Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, Crude protein, Fat percentage, livestock feed | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Abbasi Khalaki, M., Ghorbani, A. and Dadju, F. 2019. Using a network analysis process in the restore of low yielding and abounded dry farming lands with range planting (Case study: Balekhli Chay watershed), RS & GIS for Natural Resources, 10(2): 102-120. (In Persian). - Ahmadauli, V., Ghorbani, A., Azimi Motem, F., Asghari, A, Teimoorzadeh, A. and Badrzadeh, M., 2016. Study of flora, life form, chrotype, diversity and evenness change under the effect of different grazing pressure from crises centers in south-east of Sabalan, Iranian Journal of Taxonomy and Biosystematics, 23: 69-84. (In Persian). - Amiri, F and Gavili, E. 2016. Determining forage quality of several rangeland plant species in the vegetative growth stage. Journal of Range and Desert Research, 23(1): 58-69. (In Persian). - AOAC, 2000. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th ed. Washington D. C. USA. - Arzani, H., Motamedi, J., Aghajanlu, F., Rashtvand, S. and Zareii, A., 2016. Quality of forage of important species of rangelands in mountain ranges Alamut Qazvin and Badamstane Zanjan. Range and Watershed Management, Iranian Journal of Natural Resource, 69(4): 805-818. (In Persian). - Arzani, H., Motamedi (Torkan), J., Yeghaneh, H. and Shirmardi, H.A. 2014. Forage quality of range species in semi-steppe rangelands of Karsank, Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 21(2): 221-233. (In Persian). - Arzani, H., 2009. Forage quality and daily requirement of grazing animal. University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 354P. (In Persian). - Arzani, H., Sadeghimaneh, M., Azarnivand, R., Asadian, H. and Shahiari, Gh., 2008. Study of phenological stages effect on nutritive values of twelve species in Hamadan rangelands. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 15(1): 42-51. (In Persian). - Arzani, H., Kaboli, S, H., Nikkhah, A. and Jalili, A. 2005. An Introduction of the most important factors in range species for the determination of nutrient values. Iranian Journal of Natural Resource, 57(4): 777-790. (In Persian). - Amirkhani, M., Tilaki, Gh. and Mesdaghi, M., 2007. Evaluation of forage quality of wheat grass species in three phenological stages in Golestan Park. Journal of Watershed Management, 74(4): 61-65. (In Persian). - Azizpour, M., Ghorbani, A., Mirzaei, F., Aghjeh Geshlagh, Seifdavati, J. and Sharifi, J., 2013. Chemical composition, gas production test, estimation of metalizoble energy for Kochia prostrata at different phenological stages in semi-steppic regions of Ardabil province, Iranian Journal of Rangeland, 7(1): 52-63. (In Persian). - Ball, DM, Collins, M, Lacefield, GD, Martin, NP, Mertens, DA, Olson, KE, Putnam, DH, Undersander, DJ, and Wolf, MW., 2001. Understanding forage quality. American Farm Bureau Federation Publication 1-01, Park Ridge, Illinois. - Bauman D E, P. I. J., de Veth MJ, Lock AL, 2003. New perspectives on lipid diges tion and metabolism in ruminants. Proceding Cornell Nutratial Conference: 175-189. - Behnamfar, K., Siadat, S, A. and Shoshtari, M, 2009. Comparison of nutritional values of important range species in semi warm steppe Rangeland of Khouzestan. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 16(1), 86-95. (In Persian). - Bremner, J. M., 1965. Inorganic forms of nitrogen. 1179-1237. In: Black, C. A. et al., (Eds.). Methods of soil analysis. American Society of Agronomy, USA. - Davis, Ph., 1975. Flore of Turkey and the East Aegeen Islends. Edinburgh University Press, 311-314. - EbneAbbasi, R and Maroofi, H. 2008. Determination of nutritive value of Prangos ferulacea forages in different phenological stages in Saral rangelands, Kurdistan Province. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 15(3): 415-422. (In Persian). - Eshghi, M.J., Mirzaei Aghjeh Qeshlagh, F., Seif Davati, J. and Ghorbani, A., 2013. Determination of nutritional value and degradability ofdry matter and cell wall of Agropyron tauri at different phenological stages in Neor region (Ardabil province), Iranian Journal of Ruminant Research, 1(1): 77-94. (In Persian). - Fazeli, H., 1993. Determination of chemical composition of animal feed and poultry sources in Guilan province, Master's thesis, Tehran, School of Tarbiat Modares Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran, 225p. (In Persian). - Ghafari, S., Ghorbani, A., Moameri, M., Mostafazadeh, R. and Bidarlord, M., 2018. Composition and structure of species along altitude gradient in Moghan-Sabalan rangelands, Iran, Journal of Mountain Science, 15 (6): 1209-1228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-017-4820-2. - Ghorbani, A. 2015. Landuse mapping and ecological capability evaluation of dry farming lands based on slope for converting to pasture in Zilbar-chay watershed using remote sensing and GIS, Iranian Journal of Geographic Space. 48: 129-149. (In Persian). - Ghorbani, A., Mohammadi Moghadam, S. and Omidi, A. 2018. Spatial variation assessment of Artemisia austriaca distribution using spatial statistic, Iranian Journal of Plant and Ecosystem, 54: 3-18. (In Persian). - Ghorbani, A. and Bahrami, B., 2017. Study the influence environmental factors on the distribution of plant species in the southeast rangelands of Sabalan, Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Research, 115: 15-29. (In Persian). - Ghorbani, A., Abbasi Khalaki, M., Asghari, A., Omidi, A. and Zare Hesari, B., 2015. Comparison of some effective environmental factors on the distribution of Artemisia fragrans and Artemisia austriaca in southeast faced slopes of Sabalan, Iranian Journal of Rangeland, 9(2): 129-141. (In Persian). - Ghodsi Rasi, H. and Arzani, H. 1999. Investigation of factors affecting the palatability of important species of rangelands in four districts of Gorgan. Journal of Watershed Management. 36: 50-53. (In Persian). -Gorlier, A., Lonatti, M., Renna, M., Lussiana, C., Lombardi, G. and Battaglini, L., 2012. Changes in pasture and cow milk compositions during a summer transhumance in the western Italian Alps. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 85: 216 -223. - Heshmati, Gh., Baghani, M. and Bazrafshan, O., 2007. Comparison of nutritional value of 11 rangelands of eastern Golestan province. Natural Resource, 74: 95-90. (In Persian). - Jones, Jr. B. J., 2001. Laboratory guide for conducting soil tests and plant analysis. Boca Raton, London, New York and Washington, D. C. CRC Press, 152-153. -Keramati, S., Mirzaei, F., Ghorbani, A., Fathi. B and Shad, N., 2013. Investigating the effect of elevation and direction characteristics on the concentration of soil mineral elements, pasture plants and sheep milk. (Case study: Sabalan's north and southeast in Ardebil province), Iranian Journal of Rangeland, 7(4): 939-993. (In Persian). - Koutsoukis C., A. D. K., Demertzis P. G., Roukos C., Voidarou C., Kandrelis S., D. T. W. S. Research 2016. The variation of crude protein and total fat of the main grassland plants, in various s tages of growth, in Kos tilata subalpine grassland in Theodoriana, Arta, Greece. Ekin Journal. 2 (2): 69-75. -Leto J., Knezevic, M., Bosnjak, K., Macesic, D., Stafa, Z. and Kozumplik, V., 2004. Yield and forage quality of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivars in the lowland and the mountain regions. Plant and Soil Environment. 50(9): 391–396. -Leiber, F., Kreuzer, M., Jorg, B., Leuenberger, H. and Wettstein, H.R., 2004. Contribution of altitude and Alpine origin of forage to the influence of Alpine sojourn of cows on intake, nitrogen conversion, metabolic stress and milk synthesis. Journal of Animal Science 78(3): 451-466. - McDonald, P., Greenhalgh, J. F. D., Morgan, C. A. Edwards, R. and Sinclair, L., 2011. Animal Nutrition, Pearson Education Limited. - Mirjalili, A. and Heydari, Gh., 2017. Determination of mineral elements in different phenological stage for two rangeland species in Yazd province rangelands, Iranian Journal of Renewable Natural Resource Research, 7 (2): 61-70. (In Persian). - Mirzaei Aghjeh Geshlagh, F., Ghorbani, A., Mehdizadeh, S. and Alizadeh, R., 2015. Determination of nutritional value and degradability of dry matter and cell wall of Astragalus crenatus at different phenological stages in Hir-Neor rangelands of Ardabil province, Iranian Journal of Rangeland, 9(1): 14-28. (In Persian). - Mirzaei Aghjeh Qeshlagh, F., Seif Davati, J., Ghorbani, A., Mehdizadeh, S. and Mirzaei, F., 2014. Determination of chemical composition and rumen degradability of dry matter and cell wall of Vicia canescens at different phenological stages in Neor rangelands of Ardabil province, International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 4(2): 16-22. - Moghimi, J., 2005. Introduction of some important range species (suitable for development and improvement of Iran ranges). Ministry of Jahad Agriculture. Forest, Rangeland and Watershed Organization, Tehran, 672p. (In Persian). - Motamedi, J., 2012. A model of estimating short-term and long-term grazing capacity for animal and rangeland forage equilibrium. Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran, 352p. (In Persian). - Motamedi, J., Arzani, H., Sheidaye Karkaj, E. and Alijapour, A. 2013. Forage quality of 25 important species from summer rangelands of Nazlo Chai Basin in Urmia. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 20(4): 656-668. (In Persian). - Oddy, V.H., Roberts, G.H. and Low, S.G., 1983. Prediction of In-vivo Dry Matter Digestibility from the Fiber and Nitrogen Content of Feed. N.S.W. Department of Agriculture, Nutrition’s and Feeds Evaluation Unit, Veterinary Research Station, Glen field, N.S.W. - Omara, F. P., 2005. XX International Grassland Congress: Offered Papers, Wageningen Academic. - Pashaei Erdi, Zh., Mirzaei Aghja Qeshlagh, F., Mahdavi, A., Shakouri, MD. and Ghorbani, A., 2012. Determination of nutritive value of Artemisia siberi using of in vitro, gas production and nylon bag techniques, Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 22(3): 37-46. (In Persian). - Ranjbari, A., 1996. Determination of mineral elements of rangeland plants dominant in four major regions of Isfahan, Master's Degree, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, 150p. - Rechinger, K.H., 1986. Flora Iranica. Vien: Akademische Druck Rerlagsanstalt, 176-177p. - Rowwll. D.L., 1994. Boden Kunde untersuchung method und ihre anwendung. Springer Verlag. - Sanz, J., Bermejo, V., Muntifering, R., González-Fernández, I., Gimeno, B. S., Elvira, S. and Alonso, R. 2011. Plant phenology, growth and nutritive quality of Briza maxima: Responses induced by enhanced ozone atmospheric levels and nitrogen enrichment. Environmental Pollution. 159: 423-30. - Sharifi, J., Ghorbani, A., Fayyaz, M. and Eshvari, P., 2016. Vegetation types and life forms of plants in Alpine rangelands of Sabalan in Ardabil province, Natural Ecosystems of Iran, 7 (2): 65-75. (In Persian). -Sheikh Ahmadi, H., Azarfar, A. and Mohammadzadeh, S., 2013. Chemical haracteristics, energy content and parametric parameters of feed, protein, and fodder forage of second-line hay in different regions of Kurdistan Province. Animal Science Researches, 23(3): 87-99. - Sejian, V., Gaughan, J., Baumgard, L. and Prasad, C., 2015. Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation, Springer India. - Standing Committee on Agriculture (SCA), CSIRO, 1990. Australia, 150p. - Thein, T. R., Watson, F. G. R., Cornish, S. S., Anderson, T. N., Newman, W. B. and Lockwood, R. E. 2008. Chapter 7 Vegetation Dynamics of Yellowstone's Grazing System. 3: 113-33. - Torkan, J. and Arzani, H., 2005. A Study of Variation of Forage Quality of Range Species at Different Phenological Stages and in Different Climatic Zones. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 58(2): 459-471. (In Persian). - Underwood, E. J. and Suttle, N.F., 1999.The mineral nutrition of livestock (3rd Eds). CABI Publishing, London, 614p. - Valizadeh Yonjalli, R., Mirzaei Aghjehgheshlagh, F. and Ghorbani, A., 2015. Comparing rangeland soil- vegetation mineral content based on elevation classes and phenological stages in north-facing slopes, Sabalan region, Ardabil Province, Iranian Journal of Water and Soil Science, 73: 233-247. (In Persian). - Van Soest, P. J., 1982. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant, ruminant metabolism, fermentation and the chemistry of forages and plant fibers, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA, 137p. - Vasileva, V., Naydenova, Y. and Stoycheva, I. 2019. Nutritive value of forage biomass from sainfoin mixtures. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 26: 942-949. - Zare Hesari, B., Ghorbani, A., Azimi Motam, F., Hashmi Majd, K. and Asghari, A., 2015. Study the effective ecological factors on distribution of Artemisia fragrans in southeast faced slopes of Sabalan, Iranian Journal of Rangeland, 8(3): 238-250. (In Persian).
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 552 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 362 |
||