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پاسخ عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ های کلزا به کشت دیرهنگام در شرایط آب و هوایی کرج | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| دوره 36، شماره 2، تیر 1399، صفحه 137-160 اصل مقاله (1.2 M) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/sppi.2020.123184 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدعلی توحیدی نیا1؛ مجید آقاعلیخانی* 2؛ امیرحسین شیرانی راد3؛ علی مختصی بیدگلی1؛ حمید مدنی4 | ||
| 1گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران | ||
| 3موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 4گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اراک، اراک، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی اثر تاریخ کشت دیرهنگام بر عملکرد دانه و روغن ژنوتیپ‌های کلزا (Brassica napus L.)، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 95-1394 و 1395-96 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذرکرج انجام شد. دو تاریخ کاشت مرسوم (10 مهر) و تاخیری (10 آبان) در کرت‌های اصلی و 17 ژنوتیپ کلزا ]فرانسوی(8)، ایرانی(5)، مجارستانی(2) و آلمانی(2)[ در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌ها نشان داد که آثار اصلی و متقابل عوامل مورد بررسی بر کلیه صفات (بجز صفات درصد روغن و تعداد روز تا رسیدگی) معنی‌دار بودند. تغییر در تاریخ کاشت با کشت تاخیری باعث شد که مراحل نمو گیاه با عوامل محیطی متفاوتی مواجه شود. در هر دو سال، با تاخیر در کاشت عملکرد دانه، اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد روغن کاهش یافت. ژنوتیپ Garou در سال اول و ژنوتیپ HL2012 در سال دوم به ترتیب با عملکرد 5240 و 5805 کیلوگرم در هکتار بالاترین عملکرد دانه در تاریخ کشت مرسوم و ژنوتیپ Okapi در سال اول و Garou در سال دوم به ترتیب با عملکرد 3624 و 2702 بیشترین عملکرد را در کشت تاخیری از آن خود کردند. در عین حال کمترین کاهش عملکرد دانه درکشت تاخیری نسبت به تاریخ کاشت مرسوم را ژنوتیپ Lauren در سال اول (5/21 %) و ژنوتیپ Darko در سال دوم (9/35 %) داشتند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کلزا؛ عملکرد بیولوژیکی؛ کشت بهینه؛ مراحل نمو؛ محتوای روغن | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Seed Yield Response of Rapeseed Genotypes to Delayed Sowing under Karaj Environmental Conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. A. Tohidi-Nia1؛ M. AghaAlikhani2؛ A. H. Shirani Rad3؛ , A. Mokhtassi-Bidgoli1؛ H. Madani4 | ||
| 1Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 4Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| To investigate the effect of delayed sowing on seed and oil yields of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes, a field experiment was carried out at the research field station of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 cropping seasons. The experimental design was split plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. Optimal sowing dates (02 October) and delayed sowing date (01 November) were assigned to the main plots, and 17 rapeseed genotypes [French (eight), Iranian (five), Hungarian (two) and German (two)] were randomized in sub-plots. Combined analysis of variance showed that all main and interactions effects were significant on all studied traits (except the main effect of year on seed oil content). Plant developmental stages experienced different environmental conditions due to delayed sowing and led to decreases in seed yield and yield components, seed oil yield and biological yield. The highest seed yield in optimal sowing date belonged to Garou (in the first year) and HL2012 (in the second year) genotypes with an average of 5240 and 5805 kg ha-1, respectively. However, Okapi (in the first year) and Garou (in the second year) had the lowest seed yield in delayed sowing date with an average of 3624 and 2702 kg ha-1, respectively. Lauren (in the first year) and Darko genotypes (in the second year) had the lowest grain yield reduction (%) in delayed sowing date which accounted for 21.5% and 35.9%, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Canola, optimal sowing date, developmental stages, biological yield, seed oil content | ||
| مراجع | ||
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