| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,092 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,514 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 49,340,464 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 79,804,340 |
اثر کاربرد کود دامی و کود سبز بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و درصد روغن دانه کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) در شرایط ارگانیک | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 33، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 129، اسفند 1399، صفحه 62-83 اصل مقاله (912.5 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2021.341662.1451 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| صادق جلیلیان1؛ فرزاد مندنی* 2؛ اکرم فاطمی قمشه3؛ علیرضا باقری1 | ||
| 1گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. | ||
| 2گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه | ||
| 3گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| برای ارزیابی اثر کاربرد کود دامی و سبز بر ویژگیهای عملکرد کمی و کیفی کنجد آزمایشی در مزرعه آموزشی و تحقیقاتی کشاورزی ارگانیک دانشگاه رازی بهصورت کرتهای یکبار خرد شده بر پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 96-1395 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل کود دامی (صفر (FM0)، 10 (FM10) و 20 (FM20) تن در هکتار) بهعنوان عامل اصلی و کود سبز (عدم کاربرد کود سبز، کشت شنبلیله، شبدر برسیم و ماشک گل خوشهای) بهعنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان دهنده تأثیر مثبت کودهای دامی و سبز بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کنجد و عدم تأثیر آنها بر محتوای روغن دانه بود. در تیمارهای FM10 و FM20 نسبت به FM0 بهترتیب تعداد شاخه در بوته حدود 20 و 21 درصد، کپسول در بوته 11 و 31 درصد، وزن هزار دانه 4 و 5 درصد، وزن خشک کل 25 و 34 درصد و عملکرد دانه 19 و 38 درصد افزایش یافت. کاربرد کود سبز نیز سبب بهبود عملکرد شد، اما اختلاف بین گونههای مختلف کود سبز معنیدار نبود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (1929 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با مصرف 20 تن کود دامی در هکتار و کاربرد کود سبز شنبلیله و کمترین آن (918 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در شرایط شاهد به دست آمد. نتایج مشخص کرد استفاده از کود دامی و انتخاب گونه مناسب کود سبز با تأمین ترکیب متعادلی از عناصر غذایی، راهکار مناسبی برای بهبود رشد و تولید کنجد است، بنابراین امکان تولید پایدار این گیاه در سیستمهای کشاورزی کم نهاده وجود دارد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| درصد روغن؛ وزن خشک کل؛ عملکرد دانه؛ خصوصیات زراعی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of farmyard manure and green manure application on yield, yield components and grain oil content of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under organic conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sadegh Jalilian1؛ Farazd Mondani2؛ Akram Fatemi Ghomeshe3؛ Alireza Bagheri1 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshsh. Iran | ||
| 3Soil Engineering Department, Razi University, Kermanshah. Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract Introduction The cultivation area of sesame is about 43,000 hectares and the average yield is 900 kg ha-1 (Anonymous, 2017). Due to low grain yield of sesame per unit area, need to field operations are felt. To achieve high yield, it is necessary to manage production inputs in order to use them correctly and efficiently (Tahmasebi & Mostafavi, 2010). The use of renewable farmyard and green manures instead of chemical sources in crop rotation can play an important role in fertility and preservation of biological activities, soil organic matter, ecosystem health and crop quality (Zaidi et al., 2003). Farmyard manure provides all plant nutrients in limited quantities. The nutrient elements of farmyard manure (nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, zinc) are slowly released to the plant, thus causing less pollution in the environment. In organic farming, the use of legumes as a green manure has also been a matter of interest due to their ability to stabilize atmospheric nitrogen. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of farmyard manure and green manure application on grain and grain components of sesame under temperate Kermanshah region condition. Materials and Methods This experiment was done in the Organic Farming Educational and Research of Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources at Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran during 2016-2017. The farm of study was located in latitude 34º21'North and longitude 47º9' East with 1319 m above sea. The experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental treatments included farmyard manure at three levels (0, 10 and 20 t h-1, FM0, FM10 and FM20, respectively) as the main factor and the cultivation of green manure (non-cultivating green manure, hairy vetch, berseem clover and fenugreek) as sub factor. At the end of growing season, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of grain per capsule, 1000-grain weight (g), total dry weight yield (kg ha-1), grain yield (kg ha-1), harvest index (%) and grain oil content (%) were measured for each plot. Statistical analysis and means comparison by LSD method at 5% level were performed using SAS software. Results and Discussion Based on the results, in FM10 and FM20 treatments, the number of branches per plant 20 and 21%, capsule per plant 10.9 and 30.7%, 1000-grain weight 4.2 and 5.5%, total dry weight yield 25 and 34%, and grain yield 18.8% and 38.1% were higher than FM0 treatment, respectively. The application of green manure also improved sesame and yield and yield components, but the difference between various species of green manure was not significant. However, the highest and had the least effect on these traits were related to fenugreek and hairy vetch, respectively. Application of green manure at all levels of farmyard manure also increased total dry wieght yield and grain yield of sesame. The maximum of 1000-grain weight, total dry weight yield and grain yield (3.3 g, 10720 and 1929 kg ha-1, respectively) were obtained in FM20 and planting the fenugreek as green manure, their lowest amounts (2.87 g, 5960 and 918 kg ha-1, respectively) were obtained under control conditions. Effective traits on sesame grain yield were number of capsules per plant (0.81), 1000-grain weight (0.75) and number of grain per capsule (0.35), respectively. The correlation between total dry weight yield and number of capsules per plant (0.62), 1000-grain weight (0.57), and number of branches per plant (0.54) was positive and significant at 1% level. There was a positive and significant correlation between dry weight and grain yield (0.78) at 1% level. Grain oil content was not positively correlated with any of the traits and showed the most negative and significant correlation with grain yield (-0.42). Conclusions In general, the results indicate that farmyard manure application and select the appropriate green manure species by provide a balanced composition of nutrients is an appropriate solution to improve sesame yield and yield components, so sustainable production of sesame is possible in organic farming systems. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Agronomic characteristics, Grain yield, Oil content, Total dry weight | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Aghhavani-Shajari, M., Rezvani-Moghaddam, P., Koocheki, A., Fallahi, H.R., and Taherpour-Kalantari, R. 2015. Evaluation of the effects of soil texture on yield and growth of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Saffron agronomy and Technology, 2(4): 311-322. (In Persian with English Summery). Ahmad Abadi, Z., and Ghajar Sepanlou, M. 2012. Effect of organic matter application on some of the soil physical properties. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 19: 99-116. (In Persian with English Summery). Ahmadi, M., Mondani, F., Khorramivafa, M., Mohammadi, G.H., and Shirkhani, A. 2018. Effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of some new maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) in Kermanshah. Plant Ecophysiology, 10: 212-222. (In Persian with English Summery). Ahmadi, M., and Bahrani, M. 2009 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of three sesame cultivars in Bushehr province. Journal of Water and Soil Science,13 (48):123-131. (In Persian with English Summery). Ahmadi, J., Seyfi, M.M., and Amini, M. 2012. Effect of spraying micronutrients Fe, Zn and Ca on grain and oil yield of sesame (Sesamus indicum L.) varieties. Electronic journal of crop production, 5(3): 115-130. (In Persian with English Summery). Algan, N., and Celen, A.S. 2011. Evaluation of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) as green manure in Aegean conditions in terms of soil nutrition under different sowing dates. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(7): 1744-1749. Anonymous. 2017. Agricultural statistics Kermanshah province. Office of planning and agriculture organization of Kermanshah province. Askari, A., Zabet, M., Ghaderi, M.G., Samadzadeh, A.R., and Shorvazdi, A. 2016. Choose the most important traits affecting on yield of some sesame genotypes (Sesamum indicum L.) in normal and stress conditions. Journal of Crops Breeding, 8(18): 78-87. (In Persian with English Summery). Bastami, A., Majidian, M., Mohsenabadi, G.R., and Bakhshi, D. 2013. Effects of fertilizer treatments on yield quantity and quality of coriander. Journal of Crops Improvement, 17(1): 93-107. Bullied, W.J. Entz, M.H., Smith, S.R.G., and Bamford, K.C. 2002. Grain yield and N benefits to sequential wheat and barley crops from single-year alfalfa, berseem and red clover, chickling vetch and lentil. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 82: 53-65. Chandra, K. 2005. Organic Manures. Regional Centre of Organic Farming 34: 6-46. Dabighi, K.H., Fateh, E., and Ayeneband, A. 2017. The effect of different green manure crops and nitrogen sources on weed biomass and some growth characteristics of canola. Journal of Crop Production, 9(4): 137-154. (In Persian with English Summery). Darzi, M., Haj Seyd Hadi, M., and Rejali, F. 2012. Effects of cattle manure and biofertilizer application on biological yield, seed yield and essential oil in coriander (Coriandrum sativum). Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2 (42): 77-90. (In Persian with English Summery). Dayegamiye, A.N., and Tran, T.S. 2001. Effects of green manures on soil organic matter and wheat yields and N nutrition. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 81: 371-382. Ghosh, D.C., and Mohiuddin, M. 2000. Response of summer sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to biofertilizer and growth regulator. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 20(2): 90-92. Gnanamorty, P., Xavier, H., and Balasubramaniya, P. 1992. Spacing and nitrogen requirement of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Indian Agronomy Journal, 37: 358-359. Gryndler, M., Larsen, J., Hrselova, H., Rezacova, V., Gryndlerova, H., and Kubat, J. 2006. Organic and mineral fertilization, respectively, increase and decrease the development of external mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a long-term field experiment. Mycorrhiza, 16: 159-166. Goldani, M., Fazeli Kakhki, F. 2014. Evaluation of effect of chemical and organic fertilizers on growth characteristics, yield and yield components of three sesame ecotypes (Sesamum indicum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 12(1): 127-136. (In Persian with English Summery). Haruna, I.M., and Abimiku, M.S. 2012. Yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as influenced by organic fertilizers in the southern guinea savanna of Nigeria. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 1(1): 66-69. Hoeft, R.G., Nafziger, E.D.N., Johnson, R.R., and Aldrich, R. 2000. Modern corn and soybean production. MCSP Publications, USA. Hooker, K.V., Coxon, C.E., Hackett, R., Kirwan, L.E., Okeeffe, E., and Richards, K.G. 2008. Evaluation of cover cropand reduced cultivation for reducing nitrate leaching in Ireland. Journal of Environmental Quality, 37(1): 138-145. Jahan, M., Aryaee, M., Amiri, M.B., and Ehyaee, H.R. 2013. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Sesamum indicumL. with application of cover crops of Lathyruss p. and Persian clover (Trifolium resopinatumL.). Journal of Agroecology, 5(1): 1-15. (In Persian with English Summery). Jalilian, J., and Heydarzadeh, S. 2016. Effect of cover crops, organic and chemical fertilizer on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of safflower (Carthamustinctorius). Agricultural Science and sustainable production, 25(4): 71-85. (In Persian with English Summery). Javadi, H., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Rashed Mohasel, M.H., and Seghatoleslami, M.J. 2018. Effect of green manure and different nitrogen levels on yield and yield components of common purslane (Portulaca oleraces L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 16(2): 317-332. (In Persian with English Summery). Kamlesh, C., Sharma, S.R., Jat, R., and Didal, V.K. 2017. Effect of organic manures and mineral nutrients on quality parameters and economics of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(3): 263-255. Kandasamy, G., Manchoram, V., and Thangovelu, S. 1990. Variability of metric traits and character association in sesame in two sesame and safflower. New letters, 5: 10-15. Kathiresan, G., and Gnanamurthy, P. 2000. Studies on seed yield-contributing characters in sesame. and safflower. New letters, 15: 29-32. Kosaryfar, M., Khajoei Nejad, G., Maghsoudi Moud, A., and Ghanbari, J. 2015. Effect of different fertilizer treatments application on quantitative and qualitative yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars at climatic conditions of Kerman. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 13(2): 378-390. (In Persian with English Summery). Lamei, J., and Esmaili, M. 2014. Effects of double cropping grass pea and common vetch as green manure on some properties of soil and yield of onion and wheat in crop rotation cycle. Seed and Plant Production, 30(1): 1-18. (In Persian with English Summery). Liang, Y., Si, J., Nikolic, M., Peng, Y., Chen, W., and Jiang, Y. 2005. Organic manure stimulates biological activity and barley growth in soil subject to secondary salinization. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37: 1185–1195. Lotfi, A., Vahabi Sedehi, A.A., Ghanbari, A., and Heydari, M. 2009. The effect of deficit irrigation and manure on quantity and quality traits of plantago ovata Forssk. in Sistan region. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 24(4): 506-518. (In Persian with English Summery). Madrid, F., Lopez, R., and Cabera, F. 2007. Metal accumulation in soil after application of municipal solid waste compost under intensive farming condition. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 119: 249-256. Mendham, N.J., and Shipway, P.A. 1981. The effect of delayed sowing and weather on growth development andyield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Agriculture Science, 96: 389-416. Mohammadi, G., and Ghobadi, M.E. 2010. The effects of different autumn-seeded cover crops on subsequent irrigated corn response to nitrogen fertilizer. Agricultural Sciences, 1: 148-153. Nambiar, K.K.M., Soni, P.N., Vats, M.R., Sehgal, D.K., and Mehta, D.K. 1992. Annual Report 1978-88 and 1988-89. All India Coordinated Research Projects on Long Term Fertilizer Experiments (ICAR). Probert, M.E., Delve, R.J., Kimani, S.K., and Dimes, J.P. 2005. Modelling nitrogen mineralization from manures: representing quality aspects by varying C:N ratio of sub-pools. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 37(2): 279-287. Rezvani-Moghaddam, P. Saburi, A., Mohamad-Abadi, A.A., and Moradi, R. 2013. Effect of chemical fertilizer, cow manure and municipal mompost on yield, yield components and oil quantity of three sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars in Mashhad. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 11(2): 241-250. (In Persian with English Summery). Rezvani, M., Bagherian, A., Zaefarian, F., and Nikkhah-Kocheksaree, H. 2017. Effects of berseem clover (Trifolium alexanderinum) and trigonella (Trigonella foenum-graecam) cover crop on yield and weed control of wheat. Journal of Agroecology, 7(2): 79-93. (In Persian with English Summery). Roe, N.E., Stoffella, J., and Greatz, D. 1997. Compost from various municipal solid wastes feed stocks affect vegetable crops growth, yield and fruit quality. American Society for Horticultural Sciences, 122: 433-437. Sainju, U.M., Singh, B.P., Whitehead, W.F., and Wang, S. 2006. Carbon supply and storage in tilled and non-tilled soils as influenced by cover crops and nitrogen fertilization. Journal of Environmental Quality, 35: 1507-1517. Sajadi Nik, R., Yadavi, A., Balouchi, H.R., and Farajee, H. 2010. Effect of chemical (urea), organic (vermicompost) and biological (nitroxin) fertilizers on quantity and quality yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 21(2): 87-101. (In Persian with English Summery). Salehi, M., and Saeidi, G. 2012. Selection indices for seed yield improvement in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 10(4): 667-673. (In Persian with English Summery). Saleh-Rastin, N. 2005. Sustainable management from the perspective of soil biology. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Sana Press. Senesi, N. 1989. Composted materials as organic fertilizers. Science of the environment, 81-82: 521-542. Singh, B., and Faroda, A.S. 1994. Physiological parameters of Brassica species as affected by irrigation and nitrogen management on arid soils. Indian Journal of Agriculture Science, 39: 426-443. Singer, W.J., Sally, S.D., and Meek, D.W. 2007. Tillage and compost effects on corn growth, nutrient accumulation, and grain yield. Agronomy Journal, 99:80–87. Speth, S.C., and Randall, H.C. 1984. Stability of soybean harvest index. Agronomy Journal, 76: 482-486. Tahami, S.M.K., Rezvani-Moghaddam, P., and Jahan, M. 2014. Effects of various organic and chemical fertilizers on growth indices of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Agroecology, 5(4): 363-372. (In Persian with English Summery). Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Z., and Mostafavi-Rad, M. 2010. Effect of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources on quantitative and qualitative characteristics in three winter rapeseed cultivars in Arak. Journal of Crop Production, 4(3): 177-194. (In Persian with English Summery). Weiss, E.A. 2000. Oilseed Crops. 2nd Edition. Blackwell Science LTD, Osney Mead, Oxford, OX2 0EL, U.K. Zaidi, A., Saghir Khan, M., and Amil, M.D. 2003. Interactive effect of rhizotrophic microorganisms on yield and nutrient uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). European Journal of Agronomy, 19: 15-21. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,398 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 876 |
||