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An Evaluation of the Effect of Natural and Human Factors on the Linear and Non-linear Changes in Vegetation Using the Landsat Images of the Khor-Sefidarak Watershed, the Province of Alborz | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| Article 7, Volume 34, Issue 3 - Serial Number 132, September 2021, Pages 95-114 PDF (2.27 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/wmej.2021.352457.1370 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Majid Kazemzadeh* 1; Zahra Noori1; Asghar Bayat2; Salma Saedi Farkoush3; Ali Asghar Elyasi4; Hasan Alipour2; Alireza Mansour Fallah5 | ||
| 1Ph.D. in Watershed Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran | ||
| 2Graduate of Master of Science in Watershed Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran | ||
| 3Graduate of Master of Science in Rural Development from Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University of Kermanshah | ||
| 4Graduate of Master of Science in Environmental Engineering - Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas Branch | ||
| 5Graduate of Civil Engineering - Water, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The aim of current study was to study the trend of linear and non-linear changes in vegetation cover under the influences of climatic factors (rainfall, temperature and drought) and human activity (biological watershed management measures) using satellite images over a period of 20 years (2000-2019) on the Khor-Sefidarak Watershed, the Province of Alborz. Vegetation index (NDVI), drought index (SPI) and PolyTrend algorithm were used by extracting the monthly time series. Then, using climatic and implemented watershed management measures data for the basin, the impact of natural (temperature, precipitation and drought) and human factors on vegetation changes was assessed. The results indicated that 35% of the area had significant changes (92.6% increasing and 7.4% decreasing) in vegetation, and 65% of the area had insignificant changes during the last 20 years. The results also indicated that 87.71% of the vegetation changes in the region had experienced a linear type change and the remaining 6.62 and 5.68% haddemonstrated second and third degree nonlinear changes, respectively. Considering the effects of the two climatic variables on vegetation, precipitation did not show a significant trend over the two decades; however the temperature indicated a significant decreasing trend. Assessing the impact of drought on vegetation change, the largest decline in vegetative cover occurred in 2008, which was strongly influenced by severe climatic drought. Although the vegetation changes have not been affected by climatic factors in the long term, short-term changes in extreme events, including drought, strongly justify changes in the region's vegetation. On the other hand, the results indicated that the watershed management measures have caused changes with a linear pattern; however, the changes and expansion of the residential areas (as human factors) have caused a nonlinear pattern in vegetation. Thus the biological watershed management measures have increased and strengthened the vegetation of the region linearly; however, sudden and rapid changes in the rural areas have caused a non-linear decrease in vegetation. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Drought; natural and human factors; remote sensing; vegetation; watershed management measures | ||
| References | ||
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