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ارزیابی کارآیی برخی جدایه‌های باکتریایی در مهار زیستی بیماری بلاست برنج | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| دوره 8، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 15، شهریور 1399، صفحه 73-87 اصل مقاله (514.66 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2020.123953 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدرضا صفری مطلق* 1؛ محمد یزدانی2 | ||
| 1گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران | ||
| 2گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، مؤسسه آموزش عالی دیلمان، لاهیجان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیماری بلاست برنج که توسط Pyricularia oryzae ایجاد میشود یکی از مهمترین بیماریهای برنج در جهان است. در این تحقیق، از مجموع 150 نمونه آلوده جمعآوری شده از مزارع برنج استان گیلان، ۲۰ جدایه قارچی و ۳۰ جدایه باکتریایی جداسازی شد. براساس نتایج این تحقیق، باکتریهای جداشده Pseudomonas aeruginosa،Enterobacter sp. ،Enterobacter cloacae وBacillus subtilis بودند. در آزمایشگاه از دو روش کشت متقابل و تولید متابولیتهای فرّار ضدقارچی به منظور مطالعات مهار زیستی استفاده شد. در کشت متقابل، جدایه Y–25–3از P. aeruginosa با۱۱/۶۱ درصدو در متابولیت فرّار جدایه B. subtilis W با ۵۱/۶۰ درصد مؤثرترین جدایهها در مهار رشد میسلیومی قارچ عامل بیماری بودند. در بررسیهای گلخانه‌ای این شش جدایه باکتریایی و بیمارگر P. oryzae پس از ۱۲ روز روی گیاه برنج (رقم هاشمی) مایهزنی شدند. تمامی جدایهها بهطور مؤثری قادر به کاهش شاخص بیماریP. oryzae شدند و جدایه Y–25–3از P. aeruginosa با کاهش شاخص بیماری به میزان 53/7۰ درصد مؤثرترین جدایه باکتری در بررسیهای گلخانه‌ای بود. تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین تیمارها با استفاده از آزمون دانکن و روش حداقل اختلاف معنیدار (LSD) و بر اساس طرح کاملاً تصادفی نشان داد بین باکتریها از نظر درصد مهار میسلیومی در کشت متقابل و متابولیت فرّار اختلاف معنیداری وجود داشت. هم‌چنین در گلخانه بین تیمارهای مختلف از نظر صفات شاخص بیماری، ارتفاع بوته و وزن تر اختلاف معنیداری مشاهده شد، در حالی که از نظر صفت وزن خشک بین تیمارها اختلاف معنیداری وجود نداشت. با توجه به نتایج بهدست آمده از بررسیهای بیوکنترل در آزمایشگاه و گلخانه، جدایه P. aeruginosa به عنوان مؤثرترین باکتری در کنترل بیماری بلاست برنج معرفی میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آنتاگونیسم؛ باکتریها؛ برنج؛ مهار زیستی؛ Pyricularia oryzae | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of the effectiveness of some bacterial isolates in biological control of rice blast disease | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh1؛ Mohammad Yazdani2 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Plant Protection, Deylaman Institute for High Education, Lahijan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Rice blast disease, which is caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the most important diseases of rice in the world. In this research, out of 150 infected samples collected from rice farms of Guilan province, 20 fungal isolates and 30 bacterial isolates were collected. The isolated bacteria were belonged to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp., Enterobacter cloacaeand Bacillus subtilis. Two methods of dual culture and the production of volatile antifungal metabolites were used in the laboratory in order to study biological control. In the greenhouse trial, rice plants (cv Hashemi) were inoculated with the six bacterial isolates as well as P. oryzaepathogen after 12 days. According to the results of this research, in the dual culture method, P. aeruginosa Y–25–3 with 61.11% and in the volatile metabolite method, B. subtilis W with 60.51% were found to be most effective in suppressing mycelial growth of the pathogenic fungus. All isolates significantly alleviated the severity of the P. oryzae–induced disease in greenhouse, but the most effective was P. aeruginosa, which reduced the disease index by 70.53%. Analysis of variance and comparing the characters average in Duncan test and Least Significant Difference (LSD) and based on a completely randomized design revealed significant differences among the bacteria in terms of mycelial inhibition in the dual culture and volatile metabolite methods. Furthermore, in greenhouse trials there were significant differences in the disease index, plant height and fresh weight among the treatments, whereas the treatments did not exhibit any significant differences in dry weight. Based on the results of biocontrol assays in the laboratory and greenhouse, P. aeruginosa Y–25–3 was recognized as the most effective bacterial isolate in the control of rice blast disease. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| antagonism, bacteria, biological control, Pyricularia oryzae, rice | ||
| مراجع | ||
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