| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,037 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,984 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 45,799,460 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,196,278 |
بررسی مقاومت گونه‌های درختی در مقابل خسارت برف در جنگل‌های ناو اسالم گیلان | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 22، شماره 3، آذر 1393، صفحه 496-508 اصل مقاله (472.97 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2014.12433 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| امیراسلام بنیاد1؛ فرزام توانکار* 2 | ||
| 1دانشیار، دانشگاه گیلان | ||
| 2استادیار، دانشگاه آزاد خلخال | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مدیریت جنگل‌های کوهستانی به‌منظور حفاظت بهتر از توده‌های طبیعی نیاز به داشتن اطلاعات دقیق از وسعت و شدت خسارت برف دارد. در این تحقیق خسارت برف بر شش گونه غالب درختی راش، ممرز، شیردار، پلت، توسکای‌ییلاقی و بلندمازو در جنگل‌های ناواسالم در استان گیلان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جمع‌آوری داده‌ها به‌روش نمونه‌برداری منظم- تصادفی با پلات‌های دایره‌ای‌شکل 10 آری و فاصله‌های منظم 100 متری از یکدیگر انجام شد. چهار نوع خسارت برف شامل صدمه تاجی (%6/8)، شکستگی تنه (%5/5)، ریشه‌کن‌شده (%2/3) و خم‌شدگی (%4/1) بر روی درختان تشخیص داده شد. شش گونه موردبررسی در مقابل خسارت برف مقاومت متفاوت داشتند، به‌طوری‌که در توسکای‌ییلاقی، بیشترین فراوانی، ریشه‌کن شدن و شکستگی تنه بود. در بلندمازو، بیشترین فراوانی، صدمه تاجی اندازه‌گیری شد. در راش، کمترین فراوانی، صدمه تاجی و شکستگی تنه بود. توسکای‌ییلاقی، بلندمازو و شیردار جزء درختان با حساسیت زیاد و راش، ممرز و پلت جزء درختان با حساسیت کم در مقابل خسارات برف، دسته‌بندی شدند. ضرایب قدکشیدگی در درختان خم‌شده 7/76، تنه‌شکسته 5/64، ریشه‌کن‌شده 0/64، تاج صدمه‌دیده 1/60 و در درختان سالم 2/50 محاسبه شد. این پژوهش نشان داد درختانی که دارای ضریب قدکشیدگی بیشتری هستند، حساسیت زیادی در برابر خسارت برف دارند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| جنگل ناو؛ خسارت برف؛ ریشه‌کن شدن؛ شکستگی تنه؛ ضریب قدکشیدگی؛ گیلان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Resistance of tree species to snow damage in Nav Asalem forests, Guilan province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Amir Eslam Bonyad1؛ Farzam Tavankar2 | ||
| 1Assistant Prof., Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal Branch, Khalkhal, I.R. Iran | ||
| 2Associate Prof., University of Guilan, Sowme`eh Sara, I.R. Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Management of mountainous forests implies detailed information on the extent and intensity of snow damages. Furthermore, such information is required for improved conservation of natural stands. In this study, snow damages on six dominant tree species including Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.), Velvet Maple (Acer velutinum Boiss.), Cappadocian Maple (Acer cappadocicum Gled.), Caucasian Alder (Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey) and Chestnut-leaved Oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey.) were investigated across a portion of the Nav forest in the east of Guilan province. Circular 0.1-ha plots were systematically sampled in a grid with 100m sampling distance. Four types of tree damage were detected including crown damage (8.6%), stem breakage (5.5%), uprooting (3.2%) and bending (1.4%). The six studied tree species have different resistance to snow damage. The highest rates of uprooting and stem breakages were observed in Alder trees. The Oak trees were mostly influenced by crown damages. Furthermore, the Beech trees showed the lowest rate of crown damage and stem breakage. Based on the results, the tree species of Alder, Oak and Cappadocian Maple were categorized as being more vulnerable to snow risk, whereas Beech, Hornbeam and Velvet Maple proved to be less vulnerable. In addition, the slenderness coefficients were calculated for bended trees (76.7), stem broken trees (64.5), uprooted trees (64.0), crown damaged trees (60.1) and intact trees (50.2). This study also showed that trees of higher slenderness coefficient are more vulnerable to the snow risk. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Nav forest, snow damage, uprooting, stem breakage, Slenderness Coefficient, Guilan | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Anonymous, 2011. Forest management plan of district 1. Administration of Natural Resources at Asalem, 187p. - Angers, V.A., Messier, C., Beaudet, M. and Leduc, A. 2005. Comparing composition and structure in old growth and harvested (selection and diameter-limit cuts) northern hardwood stands in Quebec. Forest Ecology and Management, 217(2-3): 275-293. - Attiwill, P.M. 1994. The disturbance of forest ecosystems: the ecological basis for conservative management. Forest Ecology and Management, 63(2-3): 247-300. - Brüchert, F. and Gardiner, B.A. 2006. The effect of wind exposure on the aerial architecture and biomechanics of Sitka spruce (Pinus sitchensis, Pinaceae). American Journal of Botany, 93: 1352-1360. - Cameron, A.D. 2002. Importance of early selective thinning in the development of long-term stand stability and improved log quality. Forestry, 75: 25-35. - Fakhari, M.A., Babaei, M. and Saeedi Zand, M. 2010. Investigation on snow damage on plantations in Sourdar- Vatashan region (Chamestan, Mazandran). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 18(3): 447-457 (In Persian). - Fridman, J. and Valinger, E. 1998. Modeling probability of snow and wind damage using tree, stand, and site characteristics from Pinus sylvestris sample plots. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 13(3): 348-356. - Hurtalova, T., Matejka, F., Janous, D., Pokorny, R. and Roznovsky, J. 2007. Influence of snow damage on aerodynamic characteristics of spruce stand. International Conference of Bioclimatology and Natural Hazards, Slovakia, 17-20 September: 1-6. - IRIMO, Iran meteorological organization, 2012. Provinces report. Available from: http://www. weather.ir. - Jalkanen, A. and Mattila, U. 2000. Logistic regression models for wind and snow damage in northern Finland based on the National Forest Inventory data. Forest Ecology and Management, 135(1-3): 315-330. - Martin-Alcon, S., Gonzales-Olabarria, J.R. and Coll, L. 2010. Wind and snow damage in the Pyrenees pine forests: Effects of stand attributes and location. Silva Fennica, 44(3): 399-410. Martiník, A. and Mauer, O. 2012. Snow damage to birch stands in Northern Moravia. Journal of Forest Science, 58(4): 181-192. - Marvie Mohadjer, M. 2005. Silviculture. University of Tehran Press, Iran. 387p. - Nicolescu, N.V., Petritan, I.C. and Vasilescu, M.M. 2004. The early and heavy snowfalls, a major threat to the young European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands. In: Sagheb-Talebi, Kh., Madsen, P. and Terazawa, K. (Eds.), Proceedings of 7th IUFRO International Beech Symposium: Improvement and Silviculture of Beech, Iran, 10-29 May: 96-101. - Nykänen, M.L., Peltola, H., Quine, C., Kellomäki, S. and Broadgate, M. 1997. Factors affecting snow damage of trees with particular reference to European conditions. Silva Fennica, 31(2): 193-213. - Paatalo, M.L. 2000. Risk of snow damage in unmanaged and managed stands of Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and Birch. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 15(5): 530-541. - Paatalo, M.L., Peltola, H. and Kllomaki, S. 1999. Modeling the risk of snow damage to forests under short-term snow loading. Forest Ecology and Management, 116(1-3): 51-70. - Papaik, M.J. and Canham, C.D. 2006. Species resistance and community response to wind disturbance regimes in northern temperate forests. Journal of Ecology, 94(5): 1011-1026. - Pellikka, P. and Jarvenpaa, E. 2003. Forest stand characteristics and wind and snow induced forest damage in boreal forests. International Conference: Wind Effects on Trees, 16-18 Sep. 2003, Germany, 2003: 269-276. - Peltola, H., Nykanen, M.L. and Kellomaki, S. 1997. Model computations on the critical combination of snow loading and wind speed for snow damage of Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and Birch sp. at stand edge. Forest Ecology and Management, 95(3): 229-241. - Petty, J.A. and Worrell, R. 1981. Stability of coniferous tree stems in relation to damage by snow. Forestry, 54: 115-128. - Solantie, R. 1994. Effect of weather and climatological background on snow damage of forests in southern Finland in November 1991. Silva Fennica, 28(3): 203-211. - Soltani, A. 2003. Improvement of seed germination of Fagus orientalis Lipsky. PhD. thesis, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, 24p. - Teste, F.P. and Lieffers, V.J. 2011. Snow damage in lodgepole pine stands brought into thinning and fertilization regimes. Forest Ecology and Management, 261(11): 2096-2104. - Valinger, E. and Fridman, J. 1997. Modeling probability of snow and wind damage in Scots Pine stands using tree characteristics. Forest Ecology and Management, 97(3): 215-222. - Zhu, J.J., Li, X.F., Liu, Z.G., Cao, W., Gonda, A. and Matsuzaki, T. 2006. Factors affecting the snow and wind induced damage of a mountain secondary forest in northeastern China. Silva Fennica, 40(1): 37-51. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,928 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,255 |
||