| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,006 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,642 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,579,055 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 31,685,841 |
بررسی اثر حاشیه‌ای بر ترکیب و پراکنش گیاهان در جنگل‌های بلوط (پژوهش موردی: جنگل‌های چهارزبر کرمانشاه) | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 15، دوره 22، شماره 3، آذر 1393، صفحه 527-539 اصل مقاله (284.84 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2014.12436 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| جواد اسحاقی راد* 1؛ فوزیه سلیمانی2؛ یحیی خداکرمی3 | ||
| 1دانشیار، دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
| 2کارشناسی ارشد جنگلداری، دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
| 3پژوهشگر، مرکز تحقیقات استان کرمانشاه | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف این پژوهش ارزیابی اثر حاشیه‌ای ناشی از قطعه‌قطعه‌شدن جنگل بر ترکیب و پراکنش گونه‌های گیاهی در جنگل‌های بلوط کرمانشاه بود. سه قطعه جنگلی با جهت جنوبی از جنگل‌های بلوط با شرایط مشابه از نظر شیب و ارتفاع از سطح دریا انتخاب و در هر قطعه در فاصله‌های صفر، 25، 50 ،100 و150 متری بااستفاده از سه ترانسکت که در فاصله‌های 200 متری از هم قرار گرفتند (درمجموع 45 نقطه) اقدام به نمونه‌برداری از پوشش گیاهی شد. برای گروه‌بندی و بررسی روند تغییرات پوشش گیاهی در قطعات مختلف، از روش‌های آنالیز خوشه‌ای و آنالیز تطبیقی قوس‌گیری‌شده و برای تعیین گونه‌های شاخص هر گروه از تجزیه‌وتحلیل گونه‌های معرف به‌همراه آزمون مونت‌کارلو استفاده شد. نتایج فلوریستیک نشان داد که در منطقه موردمطالعه 115 تاکسون گیاهی متعلق به 91 جنس و 25 تیره وجود دارد. سه گروه شامل گروه قطعات‌نمونه حاشیه جنگل (صفر و 25 متری)، گروه قطعات‌نمونه میانی (50 متری) و گروه قطعات‌نمونه عمق جنگل (100 و 150 متری) تفکیک شد. گونه‌های شاخص گروه حاشیه Alopecurus myosuroides, Alyssum menicoides, Euphorbia cheiradenia, Gundelia tournefortii, Lactucaserriola, Silene conoidea, Tragopogon longirostris,Verbascum pseudo-digitalis وTrifoliumrepens، گونه‌های شاخص گروه میانه Aegilops umbellulata, Bunium paucifolium,Erodium cicutarium, Eremopoa persica, Lens orientalis,Trigonellamonantha, Vulpia myuros و گونه‌های شاخص گروه عمق جنگلBoissiera squarrosa, Callipeltis cucularia, Chardiniaorientalis, Crupina crupinastrum,Pterocephalus plumosus, Scandix pecien-veneris,Stipa barbata بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ترانسکت؛ ترکیب گونه‌ای؛ حاشیه جنگل؛ قطعات جنگلی؛ قطعه‌قطعه‌شدن | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Influence of edge effect on plant composition and distribution in oak forests (Case study: Cheharzebar forests-Kermanshah) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Javad Eshaghi Rad1؛ Fuzieh Soleimani2؛ Yahya Khodakarami3 | ||
| 1Associate Prof., Department of Foresty, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, I.R. Iran | ||
| 2M. Sc. Forestry, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, I.R. Iran. | ||
| 3Senior Expert, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kermanshah Province, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This research aimed at evaluating the influence of the edge effect caused by forest fragmentation on the composition and distribution of plant species in an oak forest of Kermanshah province. Three forest patches with similar slope and altitude located on the southern slopes were selected. Vegetation sampling in each patch was conducted at 0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 meter distances along three transects which were 200 m apart (N= 45). Cluster analysis and detrended correspondence analysis were applied to categorize the vegetation variation trend in the different patches. To detect the characteristic species in each category, Monte Carlo test were applied. The floristic results indicated 115 plant species within this area which belong to 91genera and 25 families. Three categories were recognized, including i) the forest edge samples group (0 and 25 m), ii) the intermediate samples group (50 m) and iii) the deep forest samples group (100 and 150 m). The characteristic species of the edge group were Alopecurus myosuroides, Alyssum menicoides, Euphorbia cheiradenia, Gundelia tournefortii, Lactuca serriola, Silene conoidea, Tragopogon longirostris, Trifolium repens, Verbascum pseudo-digitalis. The characteristic species of the intermediate group included Aegilops umbellulata, Bunium paucifolium, Erodium cicutarium, Eremopoa persica, Lens orientalis,Trigonella monantha , Vulpia myuros , whereas those of the deep forest group were Boissiera squarrosa, Callipeltis cucularia, Chardinia orientalis, Crupina crupinastrum, Pterocephalus plumosus, Scandix pecten-veneris, Stipa barbata. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| TRANSECT, species composition, forest edge, forest patches, fragmentation | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Alignier, A. and Deconchat, M. 2011. Variability of forest edge effect on vegetation implies reconsideration of its assumed hypothetical pattern. Applied Vegetation Science, 14:67-74. - Aguirre-Gutiérrez, J. 2014. Are plant species richness and diversity influenced by fragmentation at a microscale? International Journal of Biodiversity, In press. - Assadi, M. 1988. Plants of Arasbaran Protected Area NW, Iran. The Iranian Journal of Botany, 4(1): 1-59 (in Persian). - Attiwill, P.M. 1994. The disturbance of forest ecosystems-the ecological basis for conservative management. Forest Ecology and Managemenh, 63: 247-300. - Badano, E.I., Cavieres, L.A., Molinga-Montenegro, M.A. and Quiroz, C.L. 2005. Slope aspect influences plant association patterns in the Mediterranean matural of central Chile. Journal of Arid Environments, 62: 93-108. - Barton, A.M. 1984. Neotropical pioneer and shade-tolerant tree species: Do they partition treefall gaps? Tropical Ecology, 25: 196-202. - Blake, J. 1983. Trophic structure of bird communities in forest patches in east-central Illinois. Wilson Bulletin, 95(3): 416-430. - Bran-Blanquet, J. 1964. Pflanzensoziologie (Plant Sociology). Springer, Wien, NewYork, 1978p. - Canham, C.D. 1988. Growth and canopy architecture of shadetolerant trees: response to canopy gaps.Journal of Ecology, 69: 786-795. - Collins, B.S. and Picket, S. 1988. Demographic responses of herb layer species to experimental canopy gaps in a northern hardwoods forest. Journal of Ecology, 76: 437-450. - Davis, P.H. (ed.), 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey, vols. 1-10. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. - Ehrlich, P.R. and Wilson, E. 1991. Biodiversity studies: Science and policy. Journal of Science, 253: 758-762. - Euskirchen, E.S. and Chen, J. 2001. Effects of edges on plant communities in a managed landscape in northern Wisconsin. Forest Ecology and Management, 148: 93-108. - Felton, A., Wood, J. and Lindenmayer, D. 2006. Vegetation structure, phenology, and regeneration in the natural and anthropogenic tree-fall gaps of a reduced-impact logged subtropical Bolivian forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 235: 186-193. - Gehlhausen, S., Schwartz, M. and Augspurger, C. 2000. Vegetation and microclimatic edge effects in two mixed-mesophytic forest fragments. Journal of Plant Ecology, 147: 21-35. - Giriraj, M.S., Murthy, R. and Beierkuhnlein, C. 2010. Evaluating forest fragmentation and its tree community composition in the tropical rain forest of Southern Western Ghats (India) from 1973 to 2004. Journal of Environmental MonitoringandAssessment, 161: 29-44. - Ghahreman, A. 1996-2007. Flora of Iran, vols. 1-20. Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran (In Persian). - Ghahremani, M., Kasebi, N. and Javanshir, A. 1999. Collecting and identifying plants of the East Azerbaijan province and the formation Herbarium. Final Report of Research Project, Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, 100p (In Persian). - Gonzalez, M., Deconchat, M. and Balent, G. 2009. Woody plant composition of forest layers: the importance of environmental conditions and spatial configuration. Journal Plant Ecology, 201: 305-318. - Honnay, O., Verheyen, K., Butaye, J., Jacquemyn, H., Bossuyt, B. and Hermy, M. 2002. Possible effects of habitat fragmentation and climate change on the range of forest plant species. Ecology Letters,5: 525-530. - Jamzad, Z. 1993. Dipsacaceae family. In: Assadi, M. (Head ed.), Flora of Iran, no. 8. Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran, 109p (In Persian). - Jazirehi, M. and Ebrahimi Rostaghi, M. 2003. Zagros Silviculture. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, Iran, 560p (in Persian). - Khanhasani, M., Jalili, A., Khodakarami, Y. and Tavakoli, A. 2004. Introducing some ecological characteristics and silvics in Gahvareh forests of Kermanshah province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 12(4): 558-584 (In Persian). - Khatamsaz, M. 1989. Violaceae family. In: Assadi, M. (Head ed.), Flora of Iran, no. 5. Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran, 50p (In Persian). - Khatamsaz, M. 1992. Rosaceae family. In: Assadi, M. (Head ed.), Flora of Iran, no. 6. Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication, Tehran, Iran, 352p (In Persian). - Laurance, W.F., Nascimento, H., Laurance, S.G., Andrade, A.C., Fearnside, P.M., Ribeiro, J. and Capretz, R.L. 2006. Rain forest fragmentation and the proliferation of successional trees. Ecology, 87: 469-482. - Maassoumi, A. 2003. Papilionaceae family. In: Assadi, M. (Head ed.), Flora of Iran, no. 43. Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran, 386p (In Persian). - Macune, B. and Grace, J. 2003. Analysis of Ecological Communities. MJM Software Design, Glenden Beach, Oregon, 300p. - Matlack, G.R. 1994. Vegetation dynamics at the forest edges, trends in space and succetional time. Journal of Ecology, 82: 113-123. - Pakravan, M., Jalilian, N. and Neamati, M. 2000. Papilionaceae family. In: Assadi, M. (Head ed.), Flora of Iran, no. 33. Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran, 180p (In Persian). - Pfister, R. and Arno, S. 1980. Classifying forest habitat types based on potential climax vegetation. Forest Science, 26: 52-70. - Öckinger, E., Schweiger, O., Crist, T.O., Debinski, D.M., Krauss, J., Kuussaari, M., Petersen, J.D., Poyry, J., Settele, J., Summerville, K.S. and Bommarco, R. 2010. Life-history traits predict species responses to habitat area and isolation: a cross-continental synthesis. Ecology Letters,13: 969-979. - Rechinger, K.H. (ed.), 1963-1998. Flora of Iranica, No. 1-173. Akademische Druck u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz. - Reed, R.A., Johnson-Barnard, J. and Baker, W.A. 1996. Contribution of roads to forest fragmentation in the Rocky Mountains. Conservation Biology, 10: 1098-1106. - Renhorn, K., Esseen, P., Palmqvist, K., and Sundberg, B. 1997. Growth and vitality of epiphytic lichens. I. Responses to microclimate along a forest edge-interior gradient. Oecologia, 109: 1-9. - Ries, L., Fletcher, R., Battin, J. and Sisk, T.D. 2004. Ecological responses to habitat edges: mechanisms, models, and variability explained. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematic, 35: 491-522 - Roberts, M.R. and Gilliam, F.S. 1995. Patterns and mechanisms of plant diversity in forested ecosystems: implications for forest management and Ecology Application, 5(4): 969-977. - Robinson, W.D. and Sherry, T.W. 2012. Mechanisms of avian population decline and species loss in tropical forest fragments. Journal of Ornithology, 153(1): 141-152. - Sang, W. 2009. Plant diversity patterns and their relationships with soil and climatic factors along an altitudinal gradient in the middle Tianshan Mountain area, Xinjiang, China. Ecological Research, 24: 303-314. - Santos, A.M.M. and Santos, B.A. 2008. Are the vegetation structure and composition of the shrubby Caatinga free from edge influence? Acta Botanica Brasilica, 22(4): 1077-1084. - Shirvani, A. and Farahmand, H. 2008. Process of habitat fragmentations and extinction of their genetic diversity. Journal of Forest and Range, 74: 86-87 (In Persian). - Suzuki, S.N., Tomimatsu, H., Oishi, H. and Konno, Y. 2013. Edge-related changes in tree communities in the understory of mesic temperate forest fragments of northern Japan. Ecological Research, 28(1): 117-124 - Townsend, C. and Guest, E. 1980-1985. Flora of Iraq, vols. 1-8. Ministry of Agriculture Press, Baghdad. - Terzioglu, S., Zeki, E. and Sivrikaya, F. 2010. Monitoring forest plant biodiversity changes and developing conservation strategies. Biologia, 65: 843-852. - Turner, G.M., Pearson, S.M., Bolstad, P. and Wear, D.N. 2003. Effects of land-cover change on spatial pattern of forest communities in the Southern Appalachian Mountains (USA). Journal of Landscape Ecology,18: 449-464. - Zschokke, S., Claudine Dolt, P., Rusterholz, H., Oggier, P., Brigitte Braschler , G., Thommen, H., Lüdin, E., Erhardt, A. and Baur, B. 2000. Short-term responses of plants and invertebrates to experimental small-scale grassland fragmentation. Journal of Oecologia, 125: 559-572. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,211 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,212 |
||