| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,031 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,920 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 45,292,177 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 62,677,936 |
بررسی تاثیر مدیریت نظام های زراعی و بقایای گندم بر شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن و فسفر در زراعت کلزای پاییزه | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 34، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 131، شهریور 1400، صفحه 142-120 اصل مقاله (796.01 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2021.352417.1509 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| هوشنگ ناصری راد* 1؛ پرویز رضوانی مقدم2؛ علیرضا کوچکی3؛ علی اشرف جعفری4 | ||
| 1بخش کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایلام ، ایران | ||
| 2استاد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 3استاد دانشکده کشاورزی | ||
| 4موسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ تاثیر مدیریت بقایا و نظامﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ زراعی ﺑﺮ شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن و فسفر در زراعت کلزای پاییزه (Brassica napus)، دو آزمایش مجزا به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده نواری در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 95-1394 در شهرستان‌های رومشگان و سرابله اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل نظام‌های زراعی در سه سطح کم، متوسط و پرنهاده و مدیریت بقایای گندم در چهار سطح صفر، دو، چهار و شش تن در هکتار بود. نتایج نشان داد در مدیریت کم‌نهاده با افزایش بقایای گندم کارایی مصرف (بهره‌وری) نیتروژن و فسفر کاهش یافت، به‌طوریکه در تیمارهای چهار و شش تن بقایا در هکتار در مقایسه با تیمار بدون بقایا بهره‌وری نیتروژن به طور معنی‌داری به میزان 15 و 22 درصد و بهره‌وری فسفر به میزان 15 و 20 درصد کاهش یافت. با افزایش مدیریت نظام زراعی به سمت پرنهاده تاثیر مثبت سطوح پایین بقایا بر کارایی مصرف عناصر غذایی مشخص شد. به‌طوریکه در مدیریت پرنهاده بیشترین میزان کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و فسفر به ترتیب با 3/12 کیلوگرم دانه به ازای کیلوگرم نیتروژن و 3/30 کیلوگرم دانه به ازای کیلوگرم فسفر از تیمارهای چهار تن بقایای گندم بدست آمد. نتایج همچنین مشخص نمود که در تمامی تیمارها تاثیر کارایی جذب نیتروژن و فسفر در مقایسه با کارایی تبدیل آنها بر کارایی مصرف هر یک از این عناصر غذایی بیشتر بود. از این‌رو مدیریت نظام‌های زراعی براساس افزایش کارایی جذب هر یک از عناصر غذایی در زراعت کلزا می‌تواند نقش تعیین کننده‌ای در افزایش عملکرد داشته باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بقایای گیاهی؛ بهره‌وری عناصر غذایی؛ خاکورزی؛ کارایی تبدیل؛ کارایی جذب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Effect of cropping systems management and wheat residues on grain yield and efficiency indices of nitrogen and phosphor in autumnal rapeseed | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Houshang Naseri rad1؛ Parviz Rezvani Moghadam2؛ alireza koocheki3؛ ali Ashraf Jafari4 | ||
| 1Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Ilam, Iran | ||
| 2Ferdowsi University of Mashhad | ||
| 3Professor at Ferdowsi university of mashhad | ||
| 4Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The issue of maximizing crop yields through excessive consumption of chemical inputs and high costs in the production of these products has led agricultural experts and analysts find a suitable way to integrate technology and conserve natural resources in order to create a favorable environment for the optimal use of available resources, reduce environmental problems and increase yields per unit area and provide greater profitability in agriculture (Ratek et al., 2004). On the other hand, Iran's location in arid and semi-arid climates has caused the soil of most areas to be poor in organic matter and this is one of the problems that can be effective in reducing performance and increasing production costs (Chegni et al., 2014). So it seems maintaining of sufficient amount of plant residues in the soils is an effective way to overcome the soil quality threats. This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effects of different cropping systems management and wheat residues on grain yield and efficiency indices of nitrogen and phosphor in autumnal rapeseed. The experiment was conducted as strip split plot based on randomized complete block designs in three replications in 2015-2016 in two locations (Sarableh and Roumeshgan) in southern west of Iran. The first factor was cropping systems in three levels as low input (one disk + 25% of plant nutrient requirement as fertilizer + two stages manual weed control), Mid input (one plowing + one disk+ 50% of plant nutrient requirement as fertilizer+one stage manually and one stage using herbicide to weeds control) and full input (two plowing +two disk + 100% of plant nutrient requirement as fertilizer+ two stages herbicide to weeds control). The second factor was wheat residues managements in four levels of 0 as control, 2, 4 and 6 t.ha-1. The required fertilizer was calculated based on the results of soil analysis so that 100 kg of superphosphate and 200 kg of urea in Romeshgan and 150 kg of superphosphate and 300 kg of urea in Sarablah were required. To control weeds in the low input system, two stages of mechanical weeding in 7 and 45 days after planting, in the medium input system, one stage of chemical control (terflan) at the same time as planting and one stage of mechanical weeding in 45 days after planting, and in the full input system, two stages of spraying simultaneously with planting (Terflan) and 45 days after planting (Lontrol + Supergalant) were performed. Finally, after calculating grain and biological yield, uptake efficiency, utilization efficiency and nutrient use efficiency were determined. After testing the uniformity of variance using Bartlett test, the combined analysis of data was performed by SAS 9.1 software. Results and Discussion The results showed that in low input management with increasing wheat residues, the phosphor and nitrogen use efficiency was decreased so that in the treatments of four and six tons of residues per hectare compared to non-residues, respectively, nitrogen productivity of 15 and 22 percent and phosphor productivity of 15 and 20 percent were significantly decreased. With the move of crop system management towards high input management, the positive effect of low residue levels on nutrient use efficiency was determined so that in high input management, the highest efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus consumption was obtained with 12.3 kg of grain per kg of nitrogen and 30.3 kg of grain per kg of phosphorus from treatments of four tons of wheat residues, respectively. The results also indicated that in all treatments, the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency was higher than their utilization efficiency on the use efficiency of each of these nutrients. Therefore, the management of crop systems based on increasing the uptake efficiency of each nutrient in rapeseed cultivation can play a decisive role in increasing yield. In general, the results showed that with increasing the entrance of inputs and crop system management the uptake and use efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus increased, but nutrient utilization efficiency was maximized in medium input management. It was also found that with increasing the application of wheat residues to the soil, the efficiency of uptake and use of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients indicated a decreasing trend. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Nutrient efficiency, plant residue, tillage, utilization efficiency, uptake efficiency | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Adediran, J.A., Taiwo, I.B., Akande, M.O., Sobulo, R.A., and Idowu, O.I. 2004. Application of organic and inorganic fertilizer for sustainable maize and cowpea yields in Nigeria. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 27:1163-1181. Ahmad, Z., Gill, M.A., and Qureshi, R.H. 2001. Genotypic variations of phosphorus utilization efficiency of crops. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 24:1149–1171. Akande, M.O., Makinde, E.A., Oluwatoyinbo, F.I., and Adetunji, M.T. 2010. Effects of phosphate rock application on dry matter yield and phosphorus recovery of maize and cowpea grown in sequence. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 4(5): 293 – 303. Akbari, F., Dahmardeh, M., Morshdi, A., Ghanbari, A., and Khoramdel, S. 2019. The influences of tillage system and plant residue on nitrogen uptake and use efficiency in corn and bean intercropping systems. Journal of Crops Improvement, 20(4): 786-798 (In Persian with English Summary). Alves,V.M.C., Parentoni, S.N., Vasconcellos, C.A., Bahia-Filho, A.F.C., Pitta, G.V.E., and Schaffert, R.E. 2001. Mechanisms of phosphorus efficiency in maize. Plant Nutrition-Food Security and Sustainability of Agro-ecosystems, 99: 566-567. Asadi Saryazdi, A., Veisi, V., Mirzai Talarposhti, R., Liaghati, H., and khoshbakht, K. 2016. A performance assessment of the agroecosystem of forage maize under different tillage methods and crop residue management. Journal of ecological agriculture, 7(1): 1-16 (In Persian with English Summary). Aseri, G.K., Jain, N., Panwar, J., Rao, A.V., and Meghwal, P.R. 2008. Biofertilizers improve plant growth, fruit yield, nutrition, metabolism and rhizosphere enzyme activities of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in Indian Desert. Scientia Horticulturae,117, 130-135. Bakht, J., Shafi, M., Jan, M.T., and Shah, Z. 2009. Influence of crop residue management, cropping system and N fertilizer on soil N and C dynamics and sustainable wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Soil and Tillage Research, 104: 233-240. Barzegar, A.R., Yousefi, A., and Daryashenas, A. 2002. The effect of addition of different amounts and types of organic materials on soil physical properties and yield of wheat. Plant and Soil Journal, 247: 295–301. Berry, P.M., Spink, J., Foulkes, M.J., and White, P.J. 2010. The physiological basis of genotypic differences in nitrogen use efficiency in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Field Crops Research Journal, 119(2–3):365–373. Bouchet, A.S., Laperche, A., Bissuel-Belaygue, C., Snowdon, R., Nesi, N., and Stahl, A. 2016. Nitrogen use efficiency in rapeseed. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development Journal, 36:36- 38. Brennan, J., Forristal, P.D., Mccabe, T., and Hackett, R. 2015. The effect of soil tillage system on the nitrogen uptake. grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring barley in a cool Atlantic climate. Journal of Agricultural Science, 153: 862–875. Chegeni, M., Ansari-Dust, S.H., and Eskandari, H. 2014. Effect of tillage methods and residuals management on some physical properties of soil to achieve sustainable agriculture. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 24: 31-40. Chen, J., Zheng, M.j., Pang, D.W., Yin, Y.P., Han, M.M., Li,Y.X., Luo,Y.l., Xu, X., Li,Y., and Wang, Z.l. 2017. Straw return and appropriate tillage method improve grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16: 1708-1719. Devkota, M., Martius, C., Lamers, J.P.A., Sayre, K.D., Devkota, K.P., Vlek, P.L.G. 2013. Tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated cotton. Soil and Tillage Research, 134:72-82. Dobermann, A. 2005. Nitrogen use efficiency-state of the art. IFA International workshop on enhanced-efficiency fertilizers Frankfurt, Germany. Dos-Santos-Rheinheimer, D., and Anghinoni, I. 2003. Accumulation of soil organic phosphorus by soil tillage and cropping systems under subtropical conditions. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 34: 2339-2354. Essel, B. 2014. Impact of tillage and phosphorus application on phosphorus uptake and use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.). Master of Science Thises in Soil Science. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Kumasi. Ghana. Fageria, N.K., Moreira, A., and Dos-Santos, A.B. 2013. Phosphorus uptake and use efficiency in field crops. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36:2013-2022. Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C., and Clark, R.B. 2006. Physiology of Crop Production. New York: The Haworth Press. 345p. Francis, G.S., and Knight, T.L. 1993. Long-term effects of conventional and no-tillage on selected soil properties and crop yields in Canterbury. New Zealand. Soil and Tillage Research, 26 (3) 193–210. Hartemink, A.E., Johnston, M., O’Sullivan, J.N., and Poloma, S. 2000. Nitrogen use efficiency of taro and sweet potato in the humid lowlands of Papua New Guinea. Agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment, 79:271-280. Jalali, A.H., and Bahrani, M.J. 2014. Effect of crop residue and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency in corn (Zea mays L.) production. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 102: 197-204 Ju, J., Yamamoto,Y., Wang,Y.L., Shan,Y.H., Dong,G.C., Yoshida,T., and Miyazaki, A. 2006. Genotypic differences in grain yield. and nitrogen absorption and utilization in recombinant inbred lines of rice under hydroponic culture. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Journal, 52: 321–330. Khamadi, F., Mesgarbashi, M., Hosaibi, P., Enaiat, N., and Farzaneh, M. 2015. The effect of crop residue and nitrogen fertilizer levels on soil biological properties and nitrogen indices and redistribution of dry matter in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 108: 149-157. Korkmaz, K., and Altıntaş, C. 2016. Phosphorus use efficiency in canola genotypes. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 4(6): 424-430. Korkmaz, K., Ibrikci, H., Karnez, E., Buyuk, G., Ryan, J., Ulger, A.C., and Oguz, H. 2009. Phosphorus use efficiency of wheat genotypes grown in calcareous soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 32:2094–2106. Li, M., Zhang, H., Yang, X., Ge, M., Ma, Q., Wei, H., Dai, Q., Huo, Z., Xu, K., and Luo, D. 2014. Accumulation and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of irrigated rice cultivars with high productivities and high N use efficiencies. Field Crops Research, 161: 55-63. Limon-Ortega, A., Govaerts, B., and Sayre, K.D. 2008. Straw management. crop rotation. and nitrogen source effect on wheat grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency. European Journal of Agronomy, 29: 21-28. Listrom, G.M., Terman, G.L., Dreier, A.F., and Olson, R.A. 2001. Residual nitrate nitrogen in fertilized deep loess-derived soils. Journal of Agronomy, 60: 477-482. Lopez-Bellido, R.J., and Lopez-Bellido, L. 2001. Efficiency of nitrogen in wheat under Mediterranean conditions: effect of tillage. crop rotation and N fertilization. Journal of Field Crops Research, 71:31–46. Lynch, J.2007. Roots of the second green revolution. Australian Journal of Botany, 55:493–512. Malhi, S.S., and Lemke, R. 2007. Tillage. crop residue and N fertilizer effects on crop yield. nutrient uptake. soil quality and nitrous oxide gas emissions in a second 4-yr rotation cycle. Journal of Soil and Tillage Research, 96:269–283. Manske, G.G.B., Ortiz-Monasterio, J.I., van-Ginkel, M., González, R.M., Fischer, R.A., Rajaram, S., and Vlek, P.L.G. 2001. Importance of P uptake efficiency versus P utilization for wheat yield in acid and calcareous soils in Mexico. European Journal of Agronomy, 14:261-274. Miersch, S.2014. Nitrogen efficiency in semi-dwarf and normal hybrids of oilseed rape. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences.Georg-August Universitat Gottingen. Gottingen. Nangia,V., de-Fraiture, C., and Turral, H. 2008. Water quality implications of raising crop water productivity. Agricultural Water Management Journal, 95:825-835. Naseri Rad, H., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Koocheki, A., and Jafari, A. A. 2019. Effect of different farming systems and wheat residues management on growth indices, yield and yield components of autumn-sown canola in Roumeshgan and Sarableh regions in southwes of Iran. Applied Research in Field Crops, 32(3). 89-116. Nyikako, J., Schierholt, A., Kessel,B., and Becker, H.C. 2014. Genetic variation in nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency in a segregating DH population of winter oilseed rape. Euphytica(International Journal of Plant Breeding), 199(1–2):3–11. Oliveira,M.T., and Merwin, I.A. 2001. Soil physical conditions in a New York orchard after eight years under different groundcover management systems. Plant and Soil Journal, 234:233–237. Palm, C., Blanco-Canqui, H., DeClerck, F., Gatere, L., and Grace, P. 2014. Conservation Peng, S.B.2011. Crop Improvement for nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated lowland rice. The molecular and physiological basis of nutrient use efficiency in crops. Malcolm. J.H.. Peter. B. Wiley online library. United Kingdom. DOI: 10.1002/9780470960707.ch11 Power,J.F., Wiese,R., and Flowerday, D. 2000. Managing nitrogen for water quality: Lesson from management systems evaluation area. Journal of Environmental Quality, 29:335-366. Rathke, G.W., Behrens, T., and Diepnborck, W. 2004. Effect of timing and nitrogen fertilizer application on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) Nitrogen uptake dynamics and fertilizer efficiency. Journal of Agricultural and Crop Science, 190(3):314-323. Rezaie-Zadeh, A., and Zarei-Seyahbidi, A. 2016. Promotional publication of technical guidelines. planting and harvesting canola in Kermanshah province. Agricultural Research. Education and Extension Organization Publications. (In Persian). Rossato, L., P. Laine., and Ourry, A. 2001. Nitrogen storage and remobilization in Brassica napus L. during the growth cycle: nitrogen fluxes within the plant and changes in soluble protein patterns. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52: 1655–1663. Schemidhuber, J., and Prakash, S. 2009. “The nutrition transition to 2030 why developing countries are likely to bear the major burden”. Available in: http://www.fao.org/esa/JSPStransition.pdf Soon,Y.K., and Arshad, M. 2002. Comparison of the decomposition and N and P mineralization of canola. pea and wheat residues. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 36(1):10-17 Taylor, A.J., Smith, C.J., and Wilson, I.B. 1991. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield. oil content, nitrogen accumulation and water use of canola (Brassica napus L.). Fertilizer Research, 29. 249-260. The World Bank. 2011. Climate-Smart Agriculture, A Call to Action. Available in: http://www.climatechange.worldbank.org/CSA_Brochu. Watt, M., and Evans, J. 2003. Phosphorus acquisition from soil by white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.). species with contrasting root development. Plant and Soil Journal, 248:271–283. Yang, X., Ma, Q., Zhang, H., Wei, H., Li, G., Li. M., Dai. Q., Huo, Z., Xu, K., Zhang, Q., Guo, B., and Ge, M. 2012. Characteristics and correlation analysis of N and P uptake and utilization ofearly maturing late Japonica under different N fertilizer levels. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 38: 174–180 (in Chinese with English abstract). Ziadi, N., Be´langer, G., Cambouris, N.A., Tremblay, N., Nolin, M.C., and Claessens, A. 2007. Relationship between P and N Concentrations in Corn. Agronomy Journal, 99: 833–841. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 776 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 332 |
||