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تحلیل رابطه‌های نهاد-سودمندان برای حکمرانی شبکه‌یی آب در پایین‌دست آبخیز رود کُر | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 35، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 134، فروردین 1401، صفحه 61-72 اصل مقاله (1.47 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmrj.2021.353840.1394 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجید رحیمی1؛ مهدی قربانی* 2؛ آرش ملکیان2؛ امیر علم بیگی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترای آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2دانشیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3استادیار دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آب یکی از مهمترین رکن‌های وجود زندگی در جامعه‌های طبیعی و انسانی است. گسترش جامعه‌های انسانی در نظام‌های طبیعی و از میان‌رفتن تعادل تولید و عرضه‌ی آب در آبخیزها برای پاسخ‌دادن به تقاضای نیاز آبی آن‌ها باعث تبدیل‌شدن زبان مفاهمه در بخش آب به زبان مخاصمه شده است. اگرچه اهمیت آب و نیاز روزافزون به آن موجب تلاش جامعه برای بهره‌برداری از اندوخته‌‌های دست‌رس آب می‌شود، درک متقابل و احترام به حقوق دیگر سودمندان ایجاب می‌کند که سودبران این اندوخته‌‌ها به بهره‌برداری مشترک و رعایت حقوق یک‌دیگر نیز توجه داشته باشند. پژوهش‌های گسترده‌یی توانایی جامعه‌ها و تشکل‌های محلی را برای بهره‌برداری پایدار از اندوخته‌‌های مشترک نشان داده است، و نشان داده است که چگونه گروه‌های محلی می‌توانند با اتکا به توانایی‌های خود از تخریب این اندوخته‌‌ها جلوگیری کنند. در این پژوهش برای بررسی توانایی جامعه‌های محلی در ایجاد تغییر در وضعیت حکمرانی آب در پایین‌دست آبخیز رود کر، از روش تحلیل شبکهی اجتماعی و کاربرد آن بهره گرفته‌شد. شاخص‌های تراز کلان شبکهی اجتماعی، شاخص تراکم و شاخص تمرکز شبکه به‌‌کاربرده شد. نتیجه‌های تحلیل شبکهی اجتماعی جامعهی محلی روستای معزآباد گورگیر نشان داد که سرمایهی اجتماعی فراوانی در پیوند اعتماد و مشارکت در این روستا است. از طرفی نتیجه‌های تحلیل شبکه در تراز سازمانی نیز اندازه‌ی کم همکاری و هم‌آهنگی، و تمرکز زیاد قدرت (وضعیت حکمرانی متمرکز) نشان داد. با یکی کردن شبکهی جامعهی محلی و شبکهی سازمانی، تمرکز به اندازه‌ی 31 % کاهش یافت، و باعث تغییر وضعیت حکمرانی به وضعیت چندپاره شد، اما به‌دلیل نبود رابطه‌های مناسب در میان سازمان‌ها و جامعهی محلی، اندازه‌ی همکاری هنوز کم بود. بنابراین برای رسیدن به وضعیت حکمرانی چندمرکزی، افزایش رابطه‌های میان سازمان‌ها و جامعه‌های محلی بر پایه‌ی رابطه‌های همکارانه و مشارکتی بسیار مهم است. این کار ممکن است باعث افزایش ظرفیت سازگاری نظام اجتماعی-زیست‌بومی آبخیز رود کر در برابر تغییر شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تحلیل شبکهی اجتماعی؛ وضعیت حکمرانی آب؛ وضعیت حکمرانی چندمرکزی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis of Institution-Stakeholder Relations for the Nested Water Governance in Downstream of the Kor River Basin | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Majid Rahimi1؛ Mehdi Ghorbani2؛ Arash Malekian2؛ Amir Alambaigi3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Candidate of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics and Agricultural Development, University of Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Water has always been one of the most important pillars of life in natural and human societies. The expansion of human societies in natural systems and the loss of balance between water production and supply by watersheds to meet theirs water needs have turned the language of communication in the water sector into a language of conflict. Although human communities are increasingly trying to exploit available water resources, the importance of water and the growing need for it needs attention to be paid to the joint use and respect for each stakeholder's rights, mutual understanding, and respect for the rights of others. On the other hand, extensive studies indicate the ability of local communities and organizations to make sustainable use of shared resources and show how local groups are able to prevent the destruction of these resources by relying on their capabilities. Therefore, in this study, in order to investigate the ability of local communities to change the water governance regime downstream of the Kor River Basin, the social network analysis method and its application in determining the water governance regime was used. Macro-level indicators of the social networks, including density index and network centralization index were used. The results of the analysis of the social network of the local community of Moezabad-e-Gourgir village showed that there is considerable social capital in the connection of trust and participation in this village. On the other hand, the results of network analysis at the organizational level also showed a low level of cooperation and coordination and a high centralization of power (centralized governance regime). By integrating the local community network into the organizational network, the centralization decreased by 31% and changed the water governance regime to a fragmented regime. But due to the lack of proper relations between organizations and the local community, the level of cooperation is still low. Therefore, in order to achieve a polycentric governance regime, it is very important to increase the relations between organizations and local communities based on cooperative and participatory relations. This can increase the adaptive capacity of the socio-ecological system of the Kor river basin to change. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Polycentric governance regime, social network analysis, water governance regime | ||
| مراجع | ||
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