| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,110 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,668 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 49,849,313 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 80,186,136 |
حمایت حقوقی از جنگلها در مخاصماتِ مسلحانه از منظر حقوقِ بین المللِ بشردوستانه | ||
| تحقیقات حمایت و حفاظت جنگلها و مراتع ایران | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 19، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 37، شهریور 1400، صفحه 156-166 اصل مقاله (430.67 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfrpr.2021.353045.1460 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی مشهدی* 1؛ عاطفه میردیده2 | ||
| 1نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار، گروه حقوق عمومی و بینالملل، دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران | ||
| 2دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بینالملل، دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| جنگلها در خلال مخاصمات مسلحانه در معرض آسیب جدی قرار دارند. لذا به نظر می رسد، ضروری است تا برای حفاظت و حمایت از آنها در خلال جنگها، تدابیری حقوقی اندیشیده شود. این سئوال اساسی مطرح است که در حقوق بین الملل بشردوستانه، چه قواعدی ناظر بر حمایت و حفاظت از جنگلها در خلال مخاصمات وجود دارد. میتوان گفت، علیرغم وجود قواعد ناچیز، با بررسی مجموعه قواعد بین المللی میتوان به برخی از آنها اشاره نمود. در این مقاله سعی شده است با استفاده از روش تحلیلی- توصیفی به این پرسش پاسخ داده شود. این قواعد دو دستهاند. نخست قواعد عامی که علاوه بر حوزه حقوق بشردوستانه، حوزه حقوق جنگل را نیز در بر میگیرند. دوم، قواعد خاصی که مشخصاً در مورد پوشش گیاهی و درختان جنگلی است، از جمله میتوان به پروتکل ممنوعیت استفاده از سلاحهای آتش زا و کنوانسیون انمود، اشاره نمود. نتیجه به دست آمده از این مقاله در پاسخ به سئوال اصلی این است که، قواعد ناظر بر حمایت از جنگل-ها، در خلال مخاصمات مسلحانه اندک بوده و ضرورت دارد قواعد خاص و مشخصی در حقوق بین الملل بشردوستانه برای حفاظت از جنگلها، تدوین و توسعه یابند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| جنگل؛ مخاصمات مسلحانه؛ حقوق مخاصمات مسلحانه؛ حقوق بینالملل بشردوستانه؛ حقوق محیط زیست | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Legal Protection of Forests in Armed Conflicts from the Perspective of International Humanitarian Law | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali mashhadi1؛ Atefeh Mirdidh2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom | ||
| 2Faculty of Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Forests may be heavily damaged during armed conflict. The key question is which rules created in international humanitarian law to protect forests during armed conflicts It can be said that, despite the few rules, some of them can be identified in the set of international rules. This paper attempts to answer this question by using a descriptive-analytic method. These are two categories. First, the general rules that encompass the area of forest law, in addition to the humanitarian law. Secondly, specific rules that specifically cover vegetation and forests, including the Protocol on the Prohibition of the Use of Firearms and the ENMOD Convention. The basic presumption of this article is based on the answer to the main question is rules on the forest protection during armed conflict are few and need to be developed in international humanitarian law for better the protection of forests. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Forest, Armed Conflict, Armed Conflict Law, International Humanitarian Law, Environmental Law | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
-Azad Bakht, B. and Pour Hashemi, S.A., 2013. Legal protection of the environment during armed conflicts with emphasis on the Second Gulf War. Geopolitics’ Quarterly, 3: 195-222 (In Persian).
-Beevers, M.D., 2012. Forest resources and peacebuilding: Preliminary lessons from Liberia and Sierra Leone. High-value natural resources and post-conflict. Peace building, pp. 367-390.
-Dinstein, Y., 2014. Non-international armed conflicts in international law. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1-19.
-Fahimi, A. and Mashhadi, A., 2017. Protecting the environment in armed conflict from the perspective of Islam and international humanitarian law. Khorsandi Publications, Tehran, 250p (In Persian).
-Gorsevski, V., Kasischke, E., Dempewolf, J., Loboda, T. and Grossmann, F., 2012. Analysis of the impacts of armed conflict on the Eastern Afromontane forest region on the South Sudan—Uganda border using multitemporal Landsat imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 118: 10-20.
-Hankertz, J.M., 2008. Customary humanitarian international law. Translated by the Office of International Affairs of the Judiciary of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the International Committee of the Red Cross, Tehran, Judiciary of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 349p (In Persian).
-Hosseini Azad, S.A. and Mohammadi, M., 2013. Environmental protection in armed conflict from the perspective of international law. Legal Research Publications, Tehran, 280p.
-International Law Commission, 2019. Protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts: Text and titles of the draft principles provisionally adopted by the Drafting Committee on first reading, Seventy-first session. Geneva, 29 April–7 June and 8 July–9 August 2019.
-Kosari, V. and Mashhadi, A., 2020. Global pact for the environment; from underdevelopment of resources to the development of United Nations environmental norms. Shahid Beheshti University Legal Research, 23: 59-80.
-Lotfi, A., AkhgariBonab, N. and Fiqhi, M.R., 2010. Environmental protection of property and places in armed conflict, center for comparative studies of Islam and international humanitarian law. Qom, 670p (In Persian).
-Mirdideh, A., 2014. International law on forest protection. Khorsandi Publications, Tehran, 140p (In Persian).
-Ordway, E.M., 2015. Political shifts and changing forests: Effects of armed conflict on forest conservation in Rwanda. Global Ecology and Conservation, 3: 448-460.
-Patel, P., 2016. Expanding past genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes: Can an ICC policy paper expand the court's mandate to prosecuting environmental crimes. International Law Review, Loyola University Chicago, pp. 14-39.
-Price, S.V., 2003. War and tropical forests: conservation in areas of armed conflict. Food Products Press, Binghamton, pp. 87-115.
-Robinson, N., and Kolasoria, L., 2010. Principles of international environmental law. Translated Hosseini, S.M.M.,Mizan Publication, Tehran, 1250p.
-Falsafi, H., 2017. Basic Principles of international law methodology. New Culture Publication, Tehran, 580p.
-Sjostedt, B. and Dienelt, A., 2020. Enhancing the protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts, the draft principles of the International Law Commission and beyond. Goettingen Journal of International Law, pp. 10-34.
-Zierler, D., 2011. The invention of ecocide: Agent Orange, Vietnam, and the scientists who changed the way we think about the environment. University of Georgia Press, Georgia, pp. 48-37.
-Zilinskas, R.A., 2017. Preventing state crimes against the environment during military operations: The 1977 environmental modification treaty. In Controlling State Crime, Routledge, pp. 235-281.
-ZiaieBigdeli, M.R., 2013 .International humanitarian law. Ganj Danesh Library Publications, Tehran, 470p (In Persian).
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,377 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 766 |
||