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ارزیابی عملکرد و کیفیت علوفه اکسشن‌های دو گونه مرتعی Elymus hispidus و Agropyron cristatum در شرایط آبی استان خراسان رضوی | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 28، شماره 3، مهر 1400، صفحه 493-506 اصل مقاله (1.01 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2021.125021 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجید دشتی* 1؛ علی اشرف جعفری2 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهشی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران | ||
| 2استاد پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور مطالعه صفات کمی و کیفی علوفه ۱1 اکسشن از دو واریته (زیرگونه) Elymus hispidus var. hispidus وE. hispidus var.villosus و 6 اکسشن از گونه Agropyron cristatum، دو آزمایش جداگانه در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی انجام شد. بذرهای اکسشن‌های ذکرشده در شرایط گلخانه با درجه حرارت 2 ± 20 درجه سانتی‌گراد و به‌تعداد 5 عدد در داخل هر گلدان پلاستیکی کشت و پس از استقرار کامل، گیاهچه‌ها به زمین اصلی منتقل شدند. به‌منظور استقرار کامل گیاهچه‌ها در زمین اصلی و اطمینان از خلوص اکسشن‌ها، سال اول طرح به‌عنوان سال استقرار در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد در مقایسه بین واریته‌های گونه hispidus Elymus، واریته villosus دارای عملکرد علوفه، تعداد سنبله و طول سنبله بیشتری بود. در مقابل، درصد استقرار در واریته hispidus بیشتر بود. از لحاظ کیفیت علوفه تفاوت بین اکسشن‌های این گونه معنی‌دار نبود. در واریته villosus اکسشن چهار‌تاغ بهدلیل بالا بودن عملکرد کل ماده خشک (7732 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، قابلیت هضم ماده خشک (6/43 درصد) و قندهای محلول (8/8 درصد) و بهتبع آن دیواره سلولی بدون همی‌سلولز کمتر (7/43 درصد) نسبت به سایر اکسشن‌ها برتری نشان داد. در گونه A.cristatum اکسشن ۱۷۲۷ دارای کمترین ارتفاع، کمترین عملکرد علوفه و بیشترین تعداد سنبله بود. در بین اکسشن‌های گونه A. cristatum، بالاترین و پایین‌ترین عملکرد کل ماده خشک سالانه بهمیزان 12974 و 5692 کیلوگرم در هکتار در سال بهترتیب در اکسشن‌های 208 و 1727 به‌دست آمد. اکسشن 208 با منشأ اصفهان از درصد قابلیت هضم و پروتئین قابل توجهی برخوردار بود. به‌طورکلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که اکسشن‌های واریته villosus و نیز اکسشن 208 در مقایسه با سایر اکسشن‌ها برتری داشتند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| علف گندمی تاج‌دار؛ الیموس؛ عملکرد؛ کیفیت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of forage yield and quality of accessions of two rangeland species Elymus hispidus and Agropyron cristatum under irrigation conditions in Khorssan Razavi province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Majid Dashti1؛ Ali Ashraf Jafari2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Khorasan-e-razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 2Professor, Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to study of forage quantity and quality traits of eleven accessions of two varieties (sub species) of Elymus hispidus var. hispidus and Elymus hispidus var. villosus and six accessions of Agropyron cristatum were carried out in two separate experiments using randomized complete block design with three replications in Khorasan-e-razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. The seeds of the above accessions were sown in greenhouse conditions at a temperature of 20 ±2 ° C and 5 of them were planted in each plastic pot and after full establishment, the seedlings were transferred to the main soil. In order to, fully establish the seedlings in the main field and ensure the purity of the accessions, the first year of the project was considered as the year of establishment. The results of comparison between the varieties of E. hispidus showed that the villosus variety had higher forage yield, number of spikes and spike length compared to hispidus. In contrast, the percentage of plant establishment was higher in hispidus variety. In terms of forage quality, there are no difference between the E. hispidus accessions. In villosus variety, Chahar-Tagh accession due to high total dry matter (DM) yield (7732 kg ha-1), high dry matter digestibility (DMD) (43.6%), high soluble carbohydrates (8.8%) and consequently low acid detergent fiber (43.7%) was superior to other accession. In species A.cristatum 1727 accession had the lowest height, the lowest forage yield and the highest number of spikes. Among the accessions of A. cristatum, the highest and lowest annual dry matter yield of 12974 and 5692 kg ha-1 per year was achieved in 208 and 1727 accessions, respectively. Accessions 208 originating in Isfahan also had a significant percentage of digestibility and protein. In general, the results of this study showed that the accessions of the villosus variety as well as the 208 accession were superior to other accessions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Agropyron cristatum, Elymus hispidus, yield, quality | ||
| مراجع | ||
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