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ارزیابی وضعیت امنیت آب در بزرگ‌آبخیز فلات مرکزی ایران | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 35، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 135، تیر 1401، صفحه 71-87 اصل مقاله (1.28 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmrj.2021.354544.1412 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد علی ذاکری1؛ سید خلاق میرنیا2؛ حمیدرضا مرادی* 3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترا، گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| 3استاد، گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| چکیده | ||
| از آن‌جا که ایران در کمربند خشک جهان است و تاکنون ارزیابی جامع و دقیقی از وضعیت امنیت آب در کشور نشده است، بررسی تغییرپذیری آن که یکی از متغیرهای مهم اثرگزار بر امنیت ملی است برای تدوین الگوهای مناسب مدیریتی مهم و اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. این پژوهش در بزرگ‌آبخیز فلات مرکزی که وسعت و جمعیت آن زیاد است اجرا شد. هشت زیرشاخص مهم سرانه‌ی اندوخته‌های آب تجدیدپذیر، شدت بهره‌گیری از اندوخته‌های آب، بهره‌وری آب، سرمایه‌گذاری در زیرساخت‌های آب، کیفیت آب، دست‌رسی به آب آشامیدنی، و مدیریت آلودگی و بازچرخانی آب، تغییر پهنه‌ی پوشش سبز و پهنه‌های آبی بزرگ در دوره‌ی زمانی 20 ساله با فاصله‌ی زمانی 5 ساله (1375 تا 1395) به‌کار گرفته‌شد. نتیجه‌ی اندازه‌های به‌دست آمده برای امنیت آب در سال‌های پژوهش 0/356، 0/330، 0/363، 0/291 و 0/291 واحد برای سال‌های 1375، 1380، 1385، 1390 و 1395، و میانگین آن در بیست سال پژوهش 0/326 واحد بود. اولویت‌بندی عامل‌های مؤثر بر امنیت آب نشان داد که بیش‌ترین اندازه‌ی اثرگزاری بر امنیت آب از سرانه‌ی اندوخته‌های آب تجدیدپذیر و شدت بهره‌گیری از اندوخته‌های آب بود. لازم است با کاربرد مدیریت پایدار بر اندوخته‌های آبی، ضمن درنظر گرفتن بایدهای سیاسی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی و توجه دادن نهادهای اجرایی و قانون‌گزار به امنیت آب برای روی‌کرد به آن در افزایش دادن امنیت ملی، تعادل مناسبی در بهره‌گیری از اندوخته‌های آبی و بهبود امنیت آب، و پی‌رو آن امنیت ملی ایجاد شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| امنیت ملی؛ توسعه‌ی پایدار؛ دیپلماسی آب؛ سیاست آب؛ مدیریت جامع اندوخته‌های آب؛ اقتصادی-اجتماعی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Water Security Assessment in Large Watershed of Central Plateau of Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohamad Ali Zakeri1؛ Seyed Khallagh Mirnia2؛ Hamid Reza Moradi3 | ||
| 1Phd Student, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran | ||
| 3Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Given Iran's location in the dry belt of the world and the lack of a comprehensive and accurate assessment of water security in the country, the study of variability in this category as one of the important dimensions of national security to develop appropriate management models seems important and inevitable. The present study aims to investigate and evaluate the water security in the large watershed of Central Plateau due to its large size and high population in terms of eight important sub-indicators including per capita renewable water resources, the intensity of water use, water productivity, investment in water infrastructure, water quality, access to drinking water and water pollution management, green cover changes and changes in large water bodies were established and implemented over a 20-years with 5-year intervals (1996 to 2016). The calculated values for water security are 0.356, 0.330, 0.363, 0.291, and 0.291 respectively for 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 and the average during the twenty years of research was 0.326 units. The results also show that per capita renewable water resources and index of water use have the greatest impact on water security based on the prioritization of factors affecting water security. It is necessary to establish sustainable management of water resources while taking into account political, social, and economic requirements and paying attention to the issue of water security by the executive and legislative bodies in order to promote national security to establish a proper balance in the use of water resources and water security and Consequently, national security will be improved. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Comprehensive water resources management, national security, socio-economic, sustainable development, water diplomacy, water policy | ||
| مراجع | ||
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