| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,998 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,579 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,251,624 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,622,762 |
برآورد محتوی آب مجازی برخی محصولات دامی (شیر و گوشت) در استان خراسان رضوی | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| دوره 22، شماره 84، آبان 1400، صفحه 105-120 اصل مقاله (740.21 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/idser.2021.354993.1476 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| عفت محمدی1؛ ام البنی محمدرضاپور* 2؛ پرویز حقیقت‌جو3؛ سید ابو القاسم حقایقی مقدم4 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی آب؛ گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب- دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران. | ||
| 4استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| محدودیت منابع آبی در کشورهای خشک و نیمه خشک سبب شده محققان برای استفاده بهینه از این منابع در تولیدات دامی به محاسبه آب مجازی محصولات روی آورند. آب مجازی مصرف شده از منابع آبی در تولیدات دامی به مراتب بیشتر از محصولات زراعی است. با رشد روز افزون جمعیت در سراسر جهان نیاز به تولیدات غذایی کشاورزی و دامی بیشتر می‌شود. با ازدیاد تولیدات دامی فشار بر منابع آبی افزایش می‌یابد. بنابراین محاسبه دقیق آب مجازی محصولات دامی هرچند دشوار، بسیار با اهمیت است. این پژوهش با هدف برآورد محتوی آب مجازی شیر و گوشت سه نوع گاو شیری (اصیل، بومی و دورگ) در 28 شهرستان استان خراسان رضوی انجام شد. نیاز آبی خوراک دام با نرم‌افزار CROPWAT ، برآورد گردید. نتایج نشان دادند "بیشترین محتوی آب مجازی شیر " در گناباد برای گاو اصیل 1264 ، گاو بومی 914 ، گاو دورگ 1590 و کمترین میزان برای گاو اصیل 370 ، گاو بومی 309 در مشهد و گاو دورگ در قوچان 460 می‌باشد. "بیشترین محتوی آب مجازی گوشت " برای گاو اصیل 26320 ، گاو دورگ 52350 در گناباد و گاو بومی در بجستان 26320 و کمترین مقدار برای گاو اصیل 9232 ، گاو بومی 10352 در مشهد و گاو دورگ در قوچان 17623 برآورد شد. آب مجازی شیر و گوشت در گناباد بالاترین میزان و برای شهرستان‌های مشهد و قوچان کمترین مقدار محاسبه گردید. توصیه می‌شود دام شیری در مشهد بیشتر پرورش یابد و در رابطه با تولید و توسعه محصولات دامی در گناباد بازنگری انجام شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آب مجازی؛ استان خراسان رضوی؛ خوراک دام؛ شیر و گوشت؛ CROPWAT | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Estimation of the virtual water content of some livestock products (milk and meat) in Khorasan Razavi province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Efat Mohamadi1؛ omolbani mohammadrezapour2؛ Parviz Haghighatju3؛ Abolghasem Haghayeghi4 | ||
| 1University of Zabol | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| 3Associate Professor, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of soil and Water, University of Zabol | ||
| 4Member of scientefic board, Agriculture Research Center of Khorasan Razavi | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Estimation of the virtual water content of some livestock products (milk and meat) in Khorasan Razavi province Introduction: Virtual water in Tony Allen's definition is the amount of water that consumes during agricultural or industrial products and services (Sadek, 2011; Mousavi et al., 2009; Mohammadi, 2012; Agahi et al., 2011; Mehdi Zadeh, 2014; Mokhtari, 2013). The population growth, water crisis, global warming increases the challenges of food security. Therefore, it is essential to consider enhancing water productivity as well as reducing virtual water. Livestock is a kind of activities that consume a considerable amount of water. Some previous studies have been done to the estimation of virtual water in the livestock industry in India (Brindha 2017) and in Saudi Arabia (Shakhawat Chowdhury et al., 2017) in recent years. Moreover, Ibidhi and Salem (2020) reported the water footprint of livestock products strongly related to the water footprint of forage and other kinds of livestock nutrition. Although Iran located in an arid region and the Khorasan Razavi province has an active livestock industry, there were not any surveys in the virtual water trend of live stocks in Khorasan Razavi province. Accordingly, in this study, the virtual water of the purebred, hybrid and native cows has estimated in each city of Khorasan Razavi province. Methodology: The virtual water content of livestock products was calculated based on Chapagin and Hokestra (2003). At first, the water requirement of purebred, native and hybrid cows was calculated with CROPWAT software for three consecutive years from 2015 to 2017in 28 cities of Khorasan Razavi province. Then the virtual water content of live cows was calculated. Finally, the virtual water of milk and meat was calculated separately for each city. Results and discussion: The results showed that the highest values of milk’s virtual water, related to hybrid dairy cows with 1590 cubic meters per ton (m3 ton-1) in in Gonabad and Bajestan cities and the lowest one related to native dairy cows with 309 m3 ton-1 in Mashhad. Moreover, the highest amount of virtual water of meat production belonged to hybrid dairy cows with 52350 m3 ton-1 in Gonabad and lowest was for purebred 9232 m3 ton-1 in Mashhad. Therefore, it would be recommended to produce milk from native cows and meat from purebred. Compared to world average values, virtual water of native cow’s milk in Mashhad was 68.8% lower while in Gonabad it was 60.6% higher. Therefore, it could be recommended to produce milk from native cows and meat from purebred. Conclusion: Livestock feed compositions are one of the most influential factors on the total amount of virtual water in livestock products. In accordance with the previous studies, it could be suggested, the most milk should be produced in industrial conditions as well as should produce in cities which have advantages in producing fodder, based on virtual water aspects. It also might suggest changing the cultivation patterns of the province with less water consumption such as clover, fodder peas, fodder beet and sorghum. Other influential factors in the total amount of virtual water are cattle breeds and the value of milking. Virtual water for milk and meat productions in Gonabad city had the highest values in all three types of livestock and was the lowest for Mashhad and Quchan cities, so it might be better to grow more dairy cattle in Mashhad as well as to decrease the livestock productions and development in Gonabad and similar areas. Calculating the virtual water trends for the whole country also are deeply recommended in order to achieve a better vision for water resource management. Keywords: Virtual water, Khorasan Razavi province, Animal feed, Milk and meat, CROPWAT | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Virtual water, Khorasan Razavi province, Animal feed, Milk and meat, CROPWAT | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Agahi, H., Heidari, H., & Bahrami, M. (2011). Virtual Water Trade and Its Relation to Sustainable Water Consumption. Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4(2), 54-56.
Ahmadi, k., Abbaszadeh, h., Mohammadnia, sh., Taleghani, R., Abbasi, M., Y, sh. 2020. Agricultural Statistics of 2020. Ministry of Agriculture, Deputy Minister of Planning and Budget, General Directorate of Statistics and Information P.p: 430.
Brindha, K. (2017). International virtual water flows from agricultural and livestock products of India. Journal of Cleaner Production, 161, 922-930.
Brindha, K. (2019). National water saving through import of agriculture and livestock products: A case study from India. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 18, 63-71.
Bulsink, F., Hoekstra, A.Y. and Booij, M.J. (2010). The water footprint of Indonesian provinces related to the consumption of crop products. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 14(1): pp. 119–128.
Chapagin, A.K. and Hoekstra, A.Y. (2003). Virtual water flows between nations in relation to trade in livestock and livestock products., nesco-IHE, Institute for Water Education, 202p.
Chowdhury, S., Ouda, O. K., & Papadopoulou, M. P. (2017). Virtual water content for meat and egg production through livestock farming in Saudi Arabia. Applied Water Science, 7(8), 4691-4703
El-Sadek, A. (2011). Virtual water: an effective mechanism for integrated water resources management. Agricultural Sciences, 2(03), 248. Hoekstra, A. Y. (2012). The hidden water resource use behind meat and dairy. Animal frontiers, 2(2), 3-8.
Hoekstra, A. Y., & Chapagain, A. K. (2006). Water footprints of nations: water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern. In Integrated assessment of water resources and global change (pp. 35-48).
Hoekstra, A.Y. and Chapagain, A.K. (2007). The water footprints of Morocco and the Netherlands: global water use as a result of domestic consumption of agricultural commodities. Ecological Economics, 64(1): pp. 143–151.
Ibidhi, R., & Salem, H. B. (2020). Water footprint of livestock products and production systems: a review. Animal Production Science, 60(11), 1369-1380.
Madani, K. (2014). Water management in Iran: what is causing the looming crisis? Journal of environmental studies and sciences, 4(4), 315-328.
Mehdi Zadeh, t. (2014). Virtual Water Volume I: Concepts and strategic management. Tehran: vaziri (In Farsi).
Mohammadi, H. (2012). The effects of liberalization of trade on the welfare of consumers and agricultural producers, virtual water trade and resource sustainability: A Case Study in Fars province Agricultural Economics, 6(3), 176-145 (In Farsi).
Mokhtari, D. (2013). Instructions for the relationship between water resources with virtual water trade balance. Shiraz: Publications Shiraz University. (In Farsi).
Mousavi, N. Sultani, A. M. Gh. And zarea Mehrjardi, D. (2009). Virtual water; a new strategy to deal with the water crisis. National Conference on Water Crisis Management, Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht. 1-3 june 2009. Marvadasht. pp. 20-24. (In Farsi).
Rafiee, H. Khormizi, S. R. Ganjkhanlu, M., (2012). Total Factor Productivity, Efficiency and Scale Return of Dairy Farms in Guailan Province, Journal of Agricultural Economics Researches, 3(4). (In Farsi).
Shokoohi, Z. (2019). The impact of climate change on the cost efficiency of dairy farms in Iran. Iranian journal of agricultural economics and development research, 50(1), 97-107. (In Farsi).
Starr, G. and Levison, J. (2014). Identification of Crop Groundwater and Surface Water Consumption Using Blue and Green Virtual Water Contents at a Subwatershed Scale, Environmental Processes. 1: pp. 497–515.
Yoo, S., Choi, J.Y., Kim, T.G., Im, J.B. and Chun, C.H. (2009). Estimation of crop virtual water in Korea. Journal of Korean Water Resources Association, 42(11): pp. 911–920. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 483 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 273 |
||