| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,037 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,984 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 45,783,307 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,192,944 |
مروری‌بر نقش گونه‌های بیگانه مهاجم در کاهش تنوع‌زیستی و نحوۀ مدیریت هماهنگ آنها در سطح ملی و بین‌المللی | ||
| تحقیقات حمایت و حفاظت جنگلها و مراتع ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 19، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 38، بهمن 1400، صفحه 231-250 اصل مقاله (678 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfrpr.2021.353506.1466 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| علی علیزاده علی آبادی* | ||
| دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این مقاله، سعی شده است ضمن معرفی "گونه‌های بیگانۀ مهاجم"، اهمیت آنها در کشاورزی، منابع‌طبیعی و محیط‌زیست مورد بررسی قرارگیرد. تشابه "آفات، بیمارگرها و علف‌های‌هرز" با "گونه‌های بیگانۀ مهاجم"، ازلحاظ صدمه‌ای که به گیاهان و محیط‌زیست وارد می‌کنند؛ سبب شده است، "حفاظت از محیط‌زیست، جنگلها و تنوع‌زیستی در برابر آفات‌گیاهی"، یکی‌از چهار وظیفۀ اصلی قرنطینۀ‌نباتی محسوب شود. "گونه‌های بیگانۀ مهاجم" (که در چارچوب کنوانسیون بین‌المللی حفظ‌نباتات همان "آفات قرنطینه‌ای" تلقی می‌شوند)، پس‌از پدیدۀ "تخریب و ازدست رفتن زیستگاه‌های طبیعی"، از مهم‌ترین عوامل نابودکنندۀ تنوع‌زیستی معرفی شده‌اند. بنابراین کنوانسیون تنوع‌زیستی و کنوانسیون بین‌المللی حفظ‌نباتات، هردو خود را موظف به مقابله با "گونه‌های بیگانۀ مهاجم" می‌دانند. سازوکارهای دیگری نیز مانند موافقت‌نامۀ موازین بهداشتی‌و‌بهداشت‌گیاهی، کدکس‌غذایی و پروتکل ایمنی‌زیستی کارتاهنا نیز در تقویت قرنطینۀ‌نباتی و تسهیل روند انجام وظایف آن موثر هستند. در کنار این نهادها، بیش‌از هشت سازمان بین‌المللی دیگر نیز، در قالب "گروه ارتباطی مربوط‌به تنوع‌زیستی"، در رسیدن به اهداف مربوط‌به حفظ محیط‌زیست و ذخایر ژنتیکی و تنوع‌زیستی کمک می‌کنند. در بخش پایانی این تحلیل، ضمن برشمردن نقش تعدادی از نهادهای عضو این گروه، در مدیریت گونه‌های بیگانه مهاجم و حفظ محیط‌زیست، تداخل مدیریتی و هم‌افزایی مطلوب و موثر آنها در نیل به این امر مهم و حیاتی، مورد بحث واقع شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گونه‌های بیگانۀ مهاجم؛ قرنطینۀ‌نباتی؛ کنوانسیون تنوع‌زیستی؛ کنوانسیون بین‌المللی حفظ‌نباتات؛ گروه ارتباطی مربوط‌به تنوع‌زیستی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A review of the invasive alien species role in biodiversity loss and how to manage them coordinately at the national and international level | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Alizadeh Aliabadi | ||
| Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran, | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In this article, we have tried to introduce "invasive alien species" and explain their environmental importance. Because of the similarity between plant pests, pathogens and weeds and invasive alien species, in terms of damage to plants, and environment, so the fight against these factors has been included in plant protection and quarantine duties, and "protection of the environment, forests and biodiversity against plant pests" has become one of the four main tasks of plant quarantine services. "Invasive alien species" (considered "Plant quarantine pests" under the International Plant Protection Convention, IPPC), invasive alien species have been identified as the second most important threat to biodiversity after "natural habitats destruction and loss ". Therefore, the Convention on Biological Diversity and IPPC, each consider themselves obliged to deal with "invasive alien species". Other mechanisms, such as Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, SPS, the Codex Alimentarius, and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, are also effective one in strengthening plant quarantine and facilitating the invasive alien species management. In addition to these institutions, more than eight other international organizations, in the form of the Biodiversity Liaison Group (BLG), contribute to the protection of biodiversity resources. Finally, while explaining the role of BLG members, in the management of invasive alien species and environmental protection, we will discuss managerial interference and their effective synergy in achieving this important and vital purpose. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Invasive alien species, Convention on biological diversity, International plant protection convention, Biodiversity liaison group, Plant quarantine | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., Foroutan, A. and Golmohamadi, M., 2010. Occurrence of citrus greening caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in Sistan-Baluchestan province. 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. 31 July-3 August 2010. Tehran. IRAN. p. 525 (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., 2003. Biological attacks on agricultural products, a new challenge to plant protection. Plant Protection Organization of Iran. Agricultural Education Publication, 105p (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., 2004. Citrus Greening: a serious threat to citrus orchards and nurseries of Iran. Olive Journal, 205: 14-8 (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., 2005. Forests as a systematic and comprehensive models in pest management and sustainable development. The National Conference on the Future of Iran's Forests, Karaj, 2-4 March 2005, pp. 99-114 (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., 2008. Plant pathologists role in strengthening passive defense in agricultural sector. Conference on Threats and Biosafety in Iranian Agriculture, December 1387, pp. 1-8 (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., 2009. Citrus Greening caused by Candidatus Liberibacter spp. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Agricultural Education Publication, 232p (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., 2011a. Biological threats to plants: goals, tools and capabilities. Conference on Threats and Biosafety in Iranian Agriculture, December 1387, pp. 9-21 (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., 2011b. Biotechnology and terrorism. The Second National Conference on Passive Defense of the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, July 28-29, Tehran, Olympic Hotel, pp. 376-366 (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., 2011c. Plant quarantine: the most important passive defense principle against agrobioterrorism. The Second National Conference on Passive Defense of the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, July 28-29, Tehran, Olympic Hotel. pp. 376-366 (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., 2011d. The role of biological control in reducing biological threats. National Conference and Festival on the Development of Biological Control in Iran. 6-5 August, Tehran, pp. 122-113 (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., 2017b. How to collect and identify infected plants with citrus Greening disease. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Agricultural Education Publication, 24p (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., 2017c. Production of healthy seedlings free from citrus greening agent. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Agricultural Education Publication, 20p (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi, A., 2017d. Removal methods of infected citrus greening trees. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Agricultural Education Publication, 20p (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., 2017e. Role and applications of passive defense measure in Iran's agricultural sector. Sun Publications, 560p (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi, A., 2017a. Detection of citrus greening diseasse in citrus orchards and nurseries of Iran. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Agricultural Education Publication, 32p (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., and Rahimian, H., 1990. Citrus canker in Kerman Province. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 26: 42 (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., and Rahimian, H., 1989. Bacterial leaf streak of Graminea in Iran. EPPO Bulletin, 19(1): 113-117.
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., Barrault, G., Sarrafi, A., Rahimian, H. and Albertini, L., 1995a. Identification of bacterial leaf streak of cereals by their phenotypic characteristics and host range in Iran. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 101: 225-229.
-Cabi, 2018. Ophiostoma ulmi Dutch elm disease. www.cabi.org. Retrieved 2018, 12-12.
-Campbell, F.T., 1994. Killer pigs, vines, and fungi: Alien species threaten native ecosystems. Endangered Species Technical Bulletin, 19: 3-5.
-Campbell, F.T. and Schlarbaum, S.E., 1994. Fading Forests: North American Trees and the Threat of Exotic Pests. New York: Natural Resources Defense Council. 47p.
-CBD, 2020. The Cartagena protocol on biosafety. Available at https://bch.cbd.int/protocol.
-FAO, 1997. Report of the 29th session of the FAO conference, Rome, Italy, 7-18 November: Revised International Plant Protection Convention, available at https://www.ippc.int.
-FAO, 2001. Report of the Third Interim Commission on Phytosanitary Measures, Rome, Italy, 2-6 April, Appendix XIII: Statements of the ICPM Exploratory Open-ended Working Group on Phytosanitary Aspects of GMOs. Biosafety, and Invasive Species, available at https://www.ippc.int.
-Hall, J.P. and Moody, B., 1994. Forest depletions caused by insects and diseases in Canada 1982-1987. Forest Insect and Disease Survey, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Information Report, ST-X-8. 14p.
-IPPC, 2013. International Plant Protection Convention and Invasive Alien Species. available at https://www.ippc.int/en/publications/83217/.
-IPPC, Secretariat, 2005. Identification of risks and management of invasive alien species using the IPPC framework. Proceedings of the workshop on invasive alien species and the International Plant Protection Convention, Braunschweig, Germany, 22-26 September, Rome, Italy, 301p. available at http://www.fao.org/3/y5968e/y5968e00.htm#Contents.
-Khazaeli, P., Rezaee, S., Mirabolfathy, M., Zamanizadeh H. and Kiadaliri, H., 2018. Genetic and phenotypic variation of Calonectria pseudonaviculata isolates causing boxwood blight disease in the hyrcanian forest of Iran. Agricultural Research and Technology, 19(1): 556081. DOI: 10.19080/ARTOAJ.2018.19.556081.
-Liebold, A.M., MacDonald, W.L., Bergdah, D. and Mastro, V., 1995. Invasion by exotic forest pests: A threat to forest ecosystems. Forest Science, 41: 1-49.
-McNeely, J.A., 2001. An introduction to human dimensions of invasive alien species. In: McNeely, J.A. (Eds.). The Great Reshuffling: Human Dimensions of Invasive Alien Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, pp. 5-20.
-McNeely, J.A., Mooney, H.A., Neville, L.E., Schei, P. and Waage, J.K., 2001. A Global Strategy on Invasive Alien Species. IUCN Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 50p.
-Mirabolfathy, M., 2013. Outbreak of charcoal disease on Quercus spp and Zelkova carpinifolia trees through Zagros and Alborz montains forests in Iran. Iran Journal of Plant Pathology, 49: 257-263 (In Persian).
-Mirabolfathy, M., Ahangaran, Y., Lombard, L. and Crous, P.W., 2013. Leaf blight of Buxus sempervirens in northern forests of Iran caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata. Plant Diseases, 97(8): 1121-1122.
-Mirabolfathy, M., Groenewald, J.Z. and Crous, P.W., 2011. The Occurrence of charcoal disease caused by Biscogniauxia mediterranea on chestnut- leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia) in the Golestan forests of Iran. Plant Disease, 95(7): 876.
-Padmanabhan, S.Y., 1973. The great bengal famine. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 11(1): 11-24.
-Pimentel, D., 1993. Habitat factors in new pest invasions. In: Kim, K.C., McPheron, B.A. (Eds.). Evolution of Insect Pests-Patterns of Variation. New York: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 165-181.
-Pimentel, D., 1997. Techniques for reducing pesticides: Environmental and Economic Benefits. Chichester UK: John Wiley and Sons, 456p.
-Pimentel, D., and Greiner, A. 1997. Environmental and socio-economic costs of pesticide use. In: Pimentel, D. (Eds.). Techniques for Reducing Pesticide Use: Economic and Environmental Benefits. Chichester UK: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 51-78.
-Rezaee, S., Kia-Daliri, H., Sharifi, K., Ahangaran, Y. and Hajmansoor, S., 2013. Boxwood blight caused by Cylindrocladium buxicola in Tonekabon forest. Applied entomology and phytopathology, 80(2): 197-198.
-Richardson, D.M., Pyšek, P., Rejmánek, M., Barbour, M.G., Panetta, D.F. and West, C.J. 2000. Naturalization and invasion of alien plants- concepts and definitions. Diversity and Distributions, 6: 93-107.
-Riley, S., 2005. Invasive alien species and the protection of biodiversity: The role of quarantine laws in resolving inadequacies in the international legal regime. Journal of Environmental Law, 17(3): 323-359.
-Shine, C., Williams, N. and Gündling, L., 2000. A guide to designing legal and institutional frameworks on alien invasive species. IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper No. 40. Gland, Switzerland, Cambridge and Bonn, IUCN, 138p. available at http://www.biodiv.org.
-Tavakoli, M., Hosseini-Chegeni, A. and Khaghaninia, S., 2018. The first report of Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) outbreak from northern Zagros forests and its identification using COI gene in Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research, 16(2): 207-218.
-U.S. Congress, 1993. Harmful non-indigenous species in the United States. OTA-F-565 Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 391p.
-Ullstrup, A.J., 1972. The Impacts of the southern corn leaf blight epidemics of 1970-1971. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 10: 37-50.
-USDA, 1960. Index of plant diseases in the United States. Crop Research Division, US Department of Agriculture. ARS, Washington DC, US Department of Agriculture, p. 531.
-WHO, 2020. What is the Codex Alimentarius? available at http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/en.
-Wilcove, D., Rothstein, S., Dubow, D., Phillips, J., Losos, A. and Elizabeth, A., 1998. Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the United States: Assessing the relative importance of habitat destruction, alien species, pollution, overexploitation, and disease, BioScience, 48(8): 607-615.
-Wittenberg, R. and Cock, M.J.W. 2001. Invasive Alien Species: A Toolkit of Best Prevention and Management Practices. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, xvii- 228.
-WTO, 1999. Understanding the WTO agreement on sanitary and phytosanitary SPS measures. available at https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/sps_e/spsund_e.htm.
-Xu, H., Qiang, S., Han, Z., Guo, J., Huang, Z., Sun, H., He, S., Ding, H., Wu, H. and Wan, F., 2006. The status and causes of alien species invasion in China. Biodiversity and Conservation, 15: 2893-2904.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,200 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 516 |
||