اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات283
تعداد نشریات سازمان81
تعداد شماره‌ها2,727
تعداد مقالات31,057
تعداد مشاهده مقاله28,370,754
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله16,273,987
علیار, سجاد, علی اصغرزاد, ناصر, دباغ محمدی نسب, عادل, اوستان, شاهین. (1401). اثر قارچ اندوفیت سیرندیپیتا ایندیکا بر خصوصیات رشدی و تغذیه گیاه کینوا تحت تنش شوری. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 10(1), 1-20. doi: 10.22092/sbj.2022.354464.218
سجاد علیار; ناصر علی اصغرزاد; عادل دباغ محمدی نسب; شاهین اوستان. "اثر قارچ اندوفیت سیرندیپیتا ایندیکا بر خصوصیات رشدی و تغذیه گیاه کینوا تحت تنش شوری". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 10, 1, 1401, 1-20. doi: 10.22092/sbj.2022.354464.218
علیار, سجاد, علی اصغرزاد, ناصر, دباغ محمدی نسب, عادل, اوستان, شاهین. (1401). 'اثر قارچ اندوفیت سیرندیپیتا ایندیکا بر خصوصیات رشدی و تغذیه گیاه کینوا تحت تنش شوری', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 10(1), pp. 1-20. doi: 10.22092/sbj.2022.354464.218
علیار, سجاد, علی اصغرزاد, ناصر, دباغ محمدی نسب, عادل, اوستان, شاهین. اثر قارچ اندوفیت سیرندیپیتا ایندیکا بر خصوصیات رشدی و تغذیه گیاه کینوا تحت تنش شوری. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1401; 10(1): 1-20. doi: 10.22092/sbj.2022.354464.218

اثر قارچ اندوفیت سیرندیپیتا ایندیکا بر خصوصیات رشدی و تغذیه گیاه کینوا تحت تنش شوری

زیست شناسی خاک
مقاله 1، دوره 10، شماره 1، فروردین 1401، صفحه 1-20    اصل مقاله (577.42 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/sbj.2022.354464.218
نویسندگان
سجاد علیار* 1؛ ناصر علی اصغرزاد2؛ عادل دباغ محمدی نسب3؛ شاهین اوستان4
1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
2استاد بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
3استاد گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
4استاد شیمی خاک گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
چکیده
گیاه کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) یک گیاه شبه غله پر محصول از تیره چغندریان بوده و در برابر تنش شوری، تحمل خوبی از خود نشان می­دهد.  این گیاه به دلیل قرار گرفتن در تیره چغندریان، قادر به همزیستی میکوریزی نبوده ولی گزارش ها نشان می­دهند که قارچ اندوفیت Serendipita indica  می­تواند وارد ریشه این گیاه شده و احتمالاً قادر است مقاومت آن را در برابر تنش شوری افزایش دهد. این پژوهش به‌صورت گلدانی آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در خاک لوم شنی استریل انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل دو سطح قارچ‌ Serendipita indica (تلقیح و عدم تلقیح) و شوری حاصل از نمک کلرید سدیم شامل سطوح 1/47(هدایت الکتریکی اولیه خاک)، 5، 10، 20 و 30 دسی‌زیمنس ‌بر متر) بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که اثر متقابل تنش شوری و تلقیح قارچ به‌غیراز غلظت عناصر نیتروژن و فسفر در بخش ریشه در سایر صفات مورد مطالعه هم در بخش هوایی و هم ریشه معنی‌دار (P<0.05) بود. همچنین با افزایش سطح تنش ، غلظت عناصر شامل نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم، صفات رشدی و درصد کلنیزاسیون، در گیاه کینوا به‌طور معنی‌داری (P<0.05) کاهش یافت. قارچ S. indica توانست وزن‌ خشک‌ریشه را در شوری‌های شاهد، 5 و 10 دسی­زیمنس­ بر متر به ترتیب (23/45،  25/66 و 25/57 درصد) نسبت به تیمار عدم تلقیح افزایش دهد؛ اما وزن خشک بخش هوایی را تنها در شوری شاهد به میزان 9 درصد نسبت به تیمار بدون قارچ افزایش داد . مایه‌زنی قارچ S. indica توانست غلظت سدیم ریشه را در شوری‌های 10، 20 و 30 دسی‌زیمنس ‌بر متر به ترتیب 30/49، 66/78 و 43/55 درصد نسبت به تیمار عدم تلقیح کاهش دهد. در بخش هوایی نیز غلظت سدیم را در همان سطوح شوری به ترتیب 20/96، 13/28 و 10/24 درصد نسبت به تیمار بدون قارچ کاهش داد. . با توجه به نتایج، قارچ S. indica توانست غلظت عناصر نیتروژن و پتاسیم بخش هوایی را در دو سطح شوری 20 و 30 دسی‌زیمنس ‌بر متر نسبت به تیمار بدون قارچ به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
خصوصیات رشدی؛ عناصر غذایی؛ قارچ S. indica؛ کلنیزاسیون ریشه؛ شاخص کلروفیل
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effects of endophytic fungus Serendipitaindica on growth and nutritional characteristics of quinoa undersalinity stress conditions
نویسندگان [English]
sajad aliyar1؛ Nasser Aliasgharzad2؛ A. DabbaghMohammadiNasab3؛ Sh. Ostan4
1MSc of Soil Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
2Professor.of Soil Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
3Professor. of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
4Professor. of Soil Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld.) is a high-yielding pseudo-cereal crop, belonging to the Chenopodiaceae plants, shows tolerance to salinity stress. As a chenopod plant, it could not establish a symbiosis relation with mycorrhizal fungi, but there are evidences that the Serendipitaindica (endophytic fungus) could enter the root and more likely improves the tolerance of quinoa against salt stress. This study was performed as a pot experiment in Completely Randomized Factorial Designs (CRFD) with three replications in a sterilized sandy loam soil. Experimental factors included two levels of S. indica (inoculated and non-inoculated) and salinity levels of 1.47 (initial electrical conductivity of soil), 5, 10, 20 and 30 dS/m. The interaction effect of salinity stress and fungal inoculation was significant for studied traits in both shoot and root (P <0.05), except for the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the root. The concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, growth traits and percentage of root colonization in quinoa were significantly reduced by increasing salinity levels (P <0.05). S. indica increased root dry weight in control, 5 and 10 dS/m by 23.45, 25.66 and 25.57%, compared to no-fungal treatment, respectively. At initial electrical conductivity (1.47dS/m), shoot dry weight increased by 9% in inoculated plants compared to the non-inoculated treatment. Inoculation with S. indica reduced the concentration of root sodium at salinity levels of 10, 20 and 30 dS/m by 30.49, 66.78 and 43.55%, respectively, compared to the non-inoculated treatment. In the aerial part, the fungus could reduce the sodium concentration at 10, 20 and 30 dS/m by 20.96, 13.28 and 10.24%, respectively, compared to the treatment without the fungus. Based on the results, inoculation with the fungus significantly increased the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in shoots at 20 and 30 dS/m.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Growth characteristics, Nutrients, S. indica, Root colonization, Chlorophyll index
مراجع
  1. Aboutalebi, A., Hassanzadeh, V., and Arabzadegan, M.S. 2008. Effect of salinity on macronutrients and sodium concentrations in five species of citrus root. Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource 15 (1): 1-10. (In Persian).
  2. Agnew, C and Warren, A. 1996. A framework for tackling drought land degradation. Journal of Arid Environments 33(3): 310-320.
  3. Aliyar, S. 2021. The effect of endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica on germination and growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) under salinity stress conditions, MSc, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz. (In Persian).
  4. Allison, L.E., Moodie, C.D. 1965. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Pp: 1379-1396. In: Black CA (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, Chemical and Microbiogical Properties ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
  5. Ashraf, M., Athar, H.R., Harris, P.J.C., and Kwon, T.R. 2008. Some prospective strategies for improving crop salt tolerance. Advances in Agronomy, 97: 45–110
  6. Bagde, U. S., Prasad, R., and Varma, A. 2010. Interaction of mycobiont: Piriformospora indica with medicinal plants and plants of economic importance, African Journal of Biotechnology, 9: 9214-9226.
  7. Barin, M., Ali Asgharzadeh, N., Samadi, A. 2006. Influence of mycorrhization on the mineral nutrition and yield of tomato under sodium chloride and salts mixture induced salinity levels. Iranian journal of soil and waters sciences, 20(1): 94-105. (In Persian).
  8. Berta, G., Trotta, A., Fusconi, A., Hooker, J.E., Munro, M., Atkinson, D., Giovannetti, M., Morini, S., Fortuna, P., Tisserant, B., Gianinazzi-pearson, V., and Gianinazzi, s. 1995. Arbuscular mycorrhizal induced changes to plant gowth and root system morphology in Prunus cerasifera. Tree Physiology, 15: 281-293.
  9. Borzouei, A., Kafi, M., KHazeihr, R., Mousavi SHalmani, M.A. 2012, Effect of irrigation water salinity on root traits of two salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant wheat cultivars and its relationship wite yield in greenhouse, Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 2(8): 96-105.
  10. Box, S., Schachtman, D.P. 2011. The effect of low concentrations of sodium on potassium uptake and growth of wheatJournal of Plant Physiology. 27: 175-182.
  11. Brown, J.W., and Hayward, H.E. 1956. Salt tolerance of alfalfa varieties. Agronomy Journal, 48: 18-20.
  12. Cantrell, I.C., and Linderman, R.G. 2001. Preinoculation of lettuce and onion with VA mycorrhiza fungi reduces deleterious effects of soil salinity. Plant Soil 233: 269-281.
  13. Cottenie, A. 1980. Soil and plant testing, FAO soils Bulletin, 38: 94-100.
  14. Cramer, G.R. 2002. Response of abscisic acid mutant of Arabidopsis to salinity. Functional Plant Biology, 29: 561-567.
  15. Dixon, R.K., Garg, V.K., and Rao, M.V. 1993. Inoculation of Lecaena and prosopis seedlings with Glomus and Rhizobium species in saline soil: Rhizosphere relations and seedlings growth. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 7: 133-144.
  16. Druege, U., Baltruschat, H., and Franken, P. 2007. Piriformospora indica promotes adventitious root formation in cuttings, Scientia Horticulturae, 112: 422-426.
  17. Gavito, M.E. Curtis, P.S., Mikkelsen, T.N., and Jakobsen, I. 2000. Atmospheric CO2 and mycorrhiza effects on biomass allocation and nutrient uptake of nodulated pea (Pisum sativum) plants, Journal Experimental Botany, 51: 1931-1938.
  18. Ghasem Nejad, A., and Babayizad, V. 2011. Vegetative growth and Caffeic acid content of Cynara scolymus influenced by Piriformospora indica. Journal of Plant Production Research, 18(1): 133-140. (In Persian).
  19. Giri, B., Kapoor, R., and Mukherji, K.G., 2003. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and salinity on gowth, biomass, and mineral nutrition of Acacia auriculiformis. Biology and Fertiliety of Soils, 38: 170-175.
  20. Grattan, S.R., Grieve, C.M. 1992. Mineral nutrient acquisition and response by plant growth in saline environment. Agriculture, Ecosystem Environment 38: 275-300.
  21. Hajiboland, R., Aliasgharzadeh, N., Farsad Laiegh, S.H., and Poschenrieder, S.H. 2010. Colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves salinity tolerance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Plant and Soil, 313: 313-327. (In Persian).
  22. Hariadi, Y., Marandon, K., Tian, Y., Jacobsen, S.E., Shabala, S. 2011. Ionic and osmotic relations in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa. Willd.) plants grown at various salinity levels. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(1): 185-93
  23. Homayi, M. 2002, Reaction of plants to salinity, 12(58): 53-60
  24. Jacobsen, S.E., Liu, F., Jensen, C.R. 2009. Does root-sourced ABA play a role for regulation of stomata under drought in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Scientia Horticulturae, 122(2): 281-287.
  25. Jacobsen, S.E., Monteros, C., Christiansen, J.L., Bravo, L.A., Corcuera, L.J., Mujica, A., 2005. Plant responses of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) to frost at various phenological stages. European Journal of Agronomy, 22: 131–139.
  26. Jacobsen, S.E., Mujica, A., Jensen, C.R. 2003. The resistance of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) to adverse abiotic factors. Food Reviews International, 19(1-2): 99- 109.
  27. Jamil, M., Rehman, S.H., Rha, E.S. 2007. Salinity effect on plant growth, PSII photochemistry and chlorophyll content in sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris) and cabbage (Brassica Oleracea Capitata L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 39: 753-760.
  28. Jeschke, W.D. 1984. K-Na exchange at cellular membranes, inter cellular campartmentation of cations, and salt tolerance. pp: 37-66. In: Salinity tolerance in plants. R. C. Staples., and Toenniessen, G.H. (eds). NewYork.
  29. Kent, L.M., and Lauchi, A. 1985. Germination and seedling growth of cotton salinity- calcium interactions. Plant, Cell and Environment, 8: 155-159.
  30. Klute, A., 1986. Method of Soil Analysis. Part 1, Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd Ed. Agron. Monogr. Soil Science Society of American Journal. Madison, WI.
  31. Kormanic, P.P., and Graw, M.C. 1982. Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research. In: Schenck NC (Ed). Quantification of VA mycorrhizae in plant roots. Saint Paul Minnesota pp. 37-45. American Phytopathological Society.
  32. Koyro, H.W., and Eisa, S.S., 2008. Effect of salinity on composition, viability and germination of seeds of (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Plant and Soil, 302(1-2): 79-90.
  33. Le-Dily, F., Billard, J.P., Le-Saos, J., Huault, C. 1993. Effects of NaCl and gabaculine on chlorophyll and proline levels during growth of radish cotyledons. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 31: 303-310.
  34. Lindalh, B.D., Ihrmark, K., Boberg, J., Trumbore, S.E., Hogberg, P., Stenlid, J., and Finlay, R.D. 2007. Spatial separation of litter decomposition and mycorrhizal nitrogen uptake in a boreal forest. New Phytologist, 173: 611-620.
  35. Maleki P, Bahrami H.A, Saadat S, Sharifi F, Dehghany F & Salehi M. 2018. Salinity threshold value of Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa ‎) at ‎various growth stages and the appropriate ‎irrigation method by saline ‎water, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 49(‌15): 1815-1825.
  36. Meiri, A., Kamburoff, J. and Poljakoff-Mayber, A. 1971. Response of bean plant to sodium chloride and sodium sulphate salinization. Annals of Botany, 35: 837-847.
  37. Misra, A.N., Sahu, S.M., Misra, M., Singh, P., Meera, I., Das, N., Kar, M., Sahu, P. 1997. Sodium chloride induced changes in leaf growth, and pigment and protein contents in two Rice cultivars. Biologia Plantarum, 39: 257-262.
  38. Moazardalan, M., Sawaqbi Firoozabadi, Gh. 2002. Soil Fertility Management for Sustainable Agriculture (Translation). Tehran University Institute Press.
  39. Mousavi, A., 1997, Effect of chloride-induced salinity stress on growth, chlorophyll content, soluble sugars, uptake and transport of elements in two native olive cultivars (yellow and oil cultivars), MSc, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran. (In Persian).
  40. Munns, R., Termaat, A., 1986. Whole-plant response to salinity. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 13, 60-140.
  41. Munns, R., Tester, M., 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59: 651-681.
  42. Narula, N., Kumar, V., Behl, R.K., Gransee, A., Gransee, W., and Merbach, W. 2000. Effect of P-solubilizing Azotobacter chroococcum on N, P, K uptake in P-responsive wheat genotypes grown under grrenhouse conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 163: 393-398.
  43. Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E., 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. P. 539-579. In: Page AL (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
  44. Nielson, D.C., Hogue, E.J., Neilsen, G.H. and Parchomchuck, P. 1995. Using SPAD-502 values to assess the nitrogen status of apple trees. Horticultural Science, 30: 508-‌512.
  45. Norrif, I.R., Read, D.J., Varma, A.K., 1992. Method in Microbiology Techniques for Study of Mycorrhiza. Academic press, London.
  46. Olsen, S.R., Sommers, L.E., 1982. Phosphorus.pp 413-430. In: A. Klute (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part1 chemical and biological properties. SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  47. Papadopoulos, L. and Rendig, V.V. 1983. Interactive effects of salinity and nitrogen on growth and yield of tomato plants. Plant and Soil. 73: 47-57.
  48. Qiang, X., Zechmann, B., Reitz, M.U., Kogel, K.H., Schäfer, P., 2012. The mutualistic fungus Piriformospora indica colonizes Arabidopsis roots by inducing an endoplasmic reticulum stress–triggered caspase-dependent cell death. The Plant Cell, 24(2): 794-809.‏
  49. Rabhi, M., Barhoumi, Z., Ksouri, R., Abdelly, C., and Gharsalli, M. 2007. Interactive effects of salinity and iron deficiency in Medicago ciliaris. Comptes Rendus Biologies 330(11): 779-788. ‏
  50. Rahimi Tanha, Sh., Ghasemnezhad, A., Babaeizad, V. 2014. A study on the effect of endophyte fungus, Piriformospora indica, on the yield and phytochemical changes of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaves under water stress. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 6(2): 1907-1921
  51. Rahmani iranshahi, D., Sepehri, M., KHoshgoftarmanesh, A.H., Eshgizadeh, H.R., Jahandideh Mohen Abadi, V.A. 2015. The effect of endophytic fungus (Piriformospora indica) inoculation on antioxidant enzyme activity and wheat tolerance in phosphorus deficiency in hydroponic system. Journal of Soil and plant relationships, 24(3):75-86. (In Persian).
  52. Rai, M., Achaya, D., Singh, A., and Varma, A. 2001. Positive growth responses of themedicinal plants Spilanthes calva and Withania somnifera to inoculation by Piriformospora indica in a field trial. Mycorrhiza, 11: 123-128.
  53. Rai, M., and Varma, A. 2005. Arbuscular mycorrhiza-like biotechnological potentialof Piriformospora indica, which promotes the growth of Adhatoda vasica. Electron. Journal of Biotechnology, 8: 107-111.
  54. Safarneghad, A., Mohammad Dost shiri, A., Hamidi, H. 2011. Evaluation of salt tolerance at seedling growth stage of medicinal plants candle (Dorema ammoniacum). Journal of Soil and plant relationships. 2(5):1-11. (In Persian).
  55. Salehi, M., and Dehghani, F. 2018. Guide to Planting, Holding and Harvesting Quinoa in Sality Conditions. First Edition. Publication of Agricultural Education, 52-57.
  56. Sanchez, F.J., Manzanares, M., Andres, E.F., Ternorio, J.L., Ayerbo, L., Deandles, E.F. 1998. Turgor maitenance, osmotic adjustment and soluble sugar and proline accumulation in 49 pea cultivars in response to water stress. Field Crop Research, 59: 225- 235
  57. Schenck, N.C., perez, Y., 1988. Mannual for the Identification of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi. INVAM, 1453 Fifield Hall, University of Florid, Gainesville, Flo, USA. 241p.
  58. Sepehri, M., Saleh Rastin, N., Hosseini Salekdeh, G., and Khayam Nekoe, M. 2009. Effect of endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica, on growth and resistance of Hordeum vulgare to salinity stress. Journal of Rangeland 3(3): 508-518.
  59. Shannon, M.C. 1997, Adaptation of plants to salinity. Advances in Agronomy 60: 75-120.
  60. Singh, A., Sharma, J., Rexer, K.H., and Varma, A. 2000. Plant productivity determinants beyond minerals, water and light. Piriformospora indica:a revolutionary plant growth Promoting fungus. Current Science, 79: 101-106.
  61. Song, H. 2005. Effects of VAM on host plant in the condition of drought stress and its Mechanisms. Electronic Journal of Biology 1: 44-48.
  62. Song, J.Q., Mei, X.R., Fujiyama, H. 2013. Adequate internal water status of NaCl salinized rice shoots enhanced selective calcium and potassium absorption. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 52: 300-304.
  63. Sun, C., J., Johnson, M., Cai, D., Sherameti, I., Oelmüller, R., and Lou, B. 2010. Piriformosporaindica confers drought tolerance in Chinese cabbage leaves by stimulating antioxidant enzymes, the expression of drought-relatedgenes and the plastid-localized CAS protein. Journal of Plant Physiology. 167: 1009-‌1017
  64. Talebnejad, R., Sepaskhah, A.R. 2015. Effect of different saline groundwater depths and irrigation water salinities on yield and water use of quinoa in lysimeter. Agricultural Water Management, 148,177-188. (In Persian).
  65. Thomas, G.W. 1982. Exchangeable Cations. p. 159-165. In: Page AL, Miller RH and Keeney DR (eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
  66. Varma, A., and Hock, B. 1999. Mycorrhiza: Structure, Function, Molecular Biology and Biotecnology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  67. Varma, A., Singh, A., Sudha Sahay, N., Sharma, J., Roy, A., Kumari, M., Rana, D., Thakran, S., Deka, D., Bharti, K., Franken, P., Hurek, T., Blechert, O., Rexer, K.H., Kost, G., Hahn, A., Hock, B., Maier, W., Walter, M., Strack, D., and Kranner, I. 2001. Piriformospora indica: a cultivable mycorrhiza-like endosymbiotic fungus. Mycota IX. Springer Series, Germany. PP. 123-150.
  68. Waling, I., Van Vark, W., Houba, V.J.G., and Van der Lee, J.J.1989. Soil and plant analysis, a series of syllabi, Part 7, Plant Analysis Procedures, Wageningen Agriculture University.
  69. Weiss, M., Waller, F., Zuccaro, A., Selosse, M.A. 2016. Sebacinales one thousand and one interactions with land plants. New Phytologist, 211: 20-40.
  70. Westerm, R.L. 1990. Soil testing and plant analysis. Soil Science Society of American. Madison Wisconisn, United States of America.
  71. Yang, Y. Z., Zha, F., Zhang, J. M., Dong, S. Q., and Zhu, J. Q. 2012. Effects of Pirformaspore indica on cotton resistance to waterlogged stress. Adv. J. Food. Sci. Technol. 4: 413-416.
  72. YousefiRad, M., Noormohammadi, G., Ardakani, M., MajidiHervan, E., Mirhadi, S. 2009. Effect of mycorrhiza on morphological characteristics and nutrients content of barley under different salinity levels. Journal of Agroecology. 5(3): 105-114.
  73. Zarean, L., Mosadeghi, M.R., Sabzalian, M.R. 2017. Effect of endophytic fungus-tall fescue on organic carbon, total nitrogen and dispersible clay of rhizosphere soil, 15th Iranian Soil Science Congress, Isfahan.
  74. Zarinjoob, H., Zarea, M., Mohammadi goltapeh, E., Hatami, A and Porsiabidi, M. 2012. Effect of the various sources of phosphorus on yield andnutrient uptake of sunflower under two cropping system. Journal of Crop Production, 5(3): 99-114.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 964
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 246


counter
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب