| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,084 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,405 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 48,434,308 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 79,088,135 |
اثر تنش خشکی، تراکم بوته و مرحله برداشت بر عملکرد و کیفیت علوفه کوشیا (.Kochia scoparia L) | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| دوره 37، شماره 3، مهر 1400، صفحه 359-378 اصل مقاله (1.1 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/sppi.2022.358114.1248 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حمید نجفی نژاد* ؛ سید ذبیح الله راوری؛ محمد علی جواهری | ||
| بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کمبود آب و ضرورت تامین علوفه طی سال‌های اخیر گرایش به سمت گیاهان کم توقع مانند کوشیا که علاوه بر تحمل به خشکی و شوری دارای پتانسیل تولید علوفه در شرایط دشوار است را اجتناب ناپذیر می کند. به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی، تراکم بوته و زمان برداشت بر عملکرد کمی و کیفیت علوفه کوشیا، آزمایشی به مدت دو سال 1398 و 1399 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی جوپارکرمان اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تنش خشکی در سه سطح آبیاری بر اساس 50 ، 70 و 90 درصد تخلیه آب قابل استفاده از خاک در کرت های اصلی و دو تراکم بوته 6/16 و 3/33 بوته در هکتار و دو مرحله برداشت، رشد رویشی (55 روز پس از سبز شدن) و شروع گل‌دهی به صورت فاکتوریل و در کرت های فرعی بررسی شدند. در سطوح آبیاری بر اساس 50 و 90 درصد تخلیه آب قابل استفاده از خاک به ترتیب 15/7 و 45/6 تن در هکتار علوفه خشک تولید شد، اما این تفاوت معنی‌دار نبود. برداشت در مرحله شروع گل‌دهی با تولید 30/31 تن علوفه تر در هکتار و 96/8 تن علوفه خشک در هکتار نسبت به برداشت در مرحله رشد رویشی برتری معنی‌داری داشت. بیشترین مقدار پروتئین خام علوفه (94/10 درصد) و کمترین مقدار الیاف NDF (6/50 درصد) و ADF (8/33 درصد) در تنش خشکی شدید (90 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل استفاده خاک) به دست آمد. برداشت در مرحله شروع گل‌دهی در مقایسه با برداشت در مرحله شد رویشی از درصد پروتئین خام کمتر اما از NDF بیشتری برخوردار بود. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش می‌توان با تنظیم آبیاری بر اساس 70 تا 90 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل استفاده خاک در مرحله رشد رویشی (55روز پس از سبزشدن) 5/4 تن علوفه خشک با کیفیت مطلوب و در مرحله شروع گل‌دهی به طور میانگین 5/8 تن علوفه خشک تولید کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کوشیا؛ گیاه علوفه‌ای؛ کم آبیاری؛ زیست توده؛ علوفه خشک؛ پروتئین علوفه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Drought Stress, Plant Density and Harvesting Satge on Forage Yield and Quality of Kochia (Kochia scoparia L.) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| H. Najafinezhad؛ S. Z. Ravari؛ M. A. Javaheri | ||
| Field and Horticultural Crops Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research And Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kerman, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In recent years shortage of water and necessity of forage production have led to a tendency towards low-input plants such as Kochia. Kochia, that plant that, in addition to drought and salinity tolerance, have the potential to produce forage in less favorable environmental conditions. To evaluate forage yield and quality of Kochia as affected by drought stress, plant density and harvesting stage a field experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021 at the Jupar agricultural research rtation of Kerman. The experiment was carried out as split plot factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. Drought stress at three levels; irrigation at 50%, 70% and 90% depletion of soil available moisture were assigned to main plots and two planting density; 33.3 and 16.6 plant m-2 and two harvesting stages; vegetative growth stage (55 days after emergence) and flowering stage as factorial were randomized in sub plots. In irrigation at 50% and 90% soil available moisture depletion dry forage yield was 7.15 and 6.45 ton ha-1, respectively, however, this difference was not significant. Harvesting at the flowering stage with production of 31.30 ton ha-1 of fresh forage and 8.96 ton ha-1 of dry forage was significantly superior in comparison with other treatments. The highest amount of forage protein (10.94%), and the lowest amount of NDF (%50.6) and ADF (%33.8) were obtained in the severe drought stress (90% depletion of soil available moisture). Harvesting at the flowering stage had lower protein and higher NDF than vegetative growth stage. The results of this study indicated that it is possible to produce 4.5 ton ha-1 of dry forage by harvesting at vegetative growth stage and 8.5 t ha-1 of dry forage at the flowering stage by application of irrigation at 70% to 90% soil available moisture depletion. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Kopchia, forage crop, biomass, deficit irrigation, dry forage, forage protein | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
AOAC. 1990. Official methods of analysis of the AOAC. 15th edtion. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Arlington, Virginia, USA.
Asgharipour, M. R., Arshadi, M. J., Golshani, F. 2015. Effect of planting density, nitrogen fertilizer and harvesting height on yield and some agronomic traits of kochia. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Ecophysiology 2: 133-144 (in Persian).
Bernard, J. K., West, J. W., Trammell, D. S., and Cross, G. H. 2004. Influence of corn variety and cutting height on nutritive value of silage feed to lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87: 2172-2176.
Branka, K., Bosko, G., Angelina, T., and Goran, D. 2018. How irrigation water affects the yield and nutritional quality of maize (Zea mays L.) in a temperate climate. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 27 (3): 1123-1131.
Cay, Y. X., Wang, W., and Zhu, Q. S. 2007. Effects of water stress on nutrient quality and accumulation of protein in rice grains. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 31: 536-543.
Collins, R. P., and Jones, M. B. 1986. The influence of climatic factors on the distribution of C4 species in Europe. Plant Ecology 64: 121-129.
Foster, C. 1980. Kochia-poorman's alfalfa shows potential as feed. Rangeland 2: 22-23. Georgia, A. E. 1914. A manual of weeds: with descriptions of all the most pernicious and troublesome plants in the United States and Canada, their habits of growth and distribution, with methods of control. Macmillan Publication Co. Inc. New York, USA. 618 pp.
Ge, T D., Suif, G., Nie, S., Sun, N.B., Xiao, H, and Tong, C. L. Tong. 2010. Differential responses of yield and selected nutritional compositions to drought stress in summer maize grains. Journal of Plant Nutrition 33: 1811-1818.
Jami Al-Ahmadia, M. 2005. Some eco-physiological characteristics of kochia (Kochia scoparia L.). Ph. D. thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 285 pp. (in Persian).
Jami Al-Ahmadia, M., and Kafi, M. 2007. Cardinal temperatures for germination of Kochia scoparia (L.). Journal of Arid Environments 68: 308-314.
Kant, S., and Kafkafi, U. 2002. Potassium and abiotic stresses in plants. pp. 233-251. In: Pasricha, N. S., and Bansal, S. K. (eds.) Role of potassium in nutrient management for sustainable crop production in India. Potash Research Institute of India.
Gurgaon, Haryana, India. Khadem, S. A., Galavi, M., Ramrodi, M., Mousavi, S. R., Rousta, M. J., and Moghadam, M. R. 2010. Effect of animal manure and superabsorbent polymer on corn leaf relative water content, cell membrane stability and leaf chlorophyll content under dry condition. Australian Journal of Crop Science 4 (8): 642-647.
Khaninejad, S., Kafi, M., Khazaee, H. R., Shabahang, J., and Nabati, J. 2013. Evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorous levels on forage yield and characteristics of Kochia scoparia in irrigating with two saline waters. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 11 (2): 275-282 (in Persian).
Madrid, J., Hernandez, F. M., Pulgar, A., and Cid, J. M. 1996. Nutritive value of Kochia scoparia L. and ammoniated barley straw for goats. Small Ruminant Research 19: 213-218.
Masoumi, A. 2010. Effect of drought stress on morphophysiological parameters of native population of Kochia scoparia in field and greenhouse conditions. Ph. D. thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 127 pp. (in Persian).
Najafinezhad, H., Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Z., Modarres Sanavy, S. A. M, and Naghavi, H. 2014. Effect of irrigation regimes and application of barley residue, zeolite and superabsorbent polymer on forage yield, cadmium, nitrogen and some physiological traits of corn and sorghum. International Journal of Biosciences 5 (3): 234-245.
Najafinezhad, H., Javaheri, M. A., Koohi, N., and Shakeri, P. 2019. Forage yield and quality and water productivity of kochia, millet, sorghum and maize under water deficit stress conditions. Seed and Plant Journal 35 (2): 261-283 (in Persian).
Petil, H. V., Pesat, A. R., Barnett, G. M., Mason, W. N., and Dionne. J. L. 1992. Quality and morphological characteristics of alfalfa as affected by soil moisture, pH and phosphorous fertilization. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72: 147-162.
Rankins, D. L., and Smith, G. S. 1991. Nutritional and toxicological evaluations of kochia hay (Kochia scoparia L.) feed to lambs. Journal of Animal Science 69: 2925-2931.
Salehi, M. 2010. Effect of salinity and water deficit on quantitative and qualitative production and physiological characteristics of Kochia Scoparia. Ph. D. dissertation. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 189 pp. (in Persian).
Salehi, M., Kafi, M., and Kiani, A.R. 2011. The effect of saline water use on biomass and ion accumulation in kochia. Journal of Environmental Stresses in Agricultural Sciences 4(1): 65-75 (in Persian).
Sherrod, L. B. 1971. Nutritive value of Kochia scoparia I. Yield and chemical composition at three stages of maturity. Agronomy Journal 63: 343-344.
Sparks, D. L. 1996. Methods of soil analysis. pp. 417-436. In: Part 3: Chemical methods. Soil Science Society of America Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Temel, S., and Yolcu, S. 2020. The effect of different sowing time and harvesting stages on the herbage yield and quality of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops 25 (1): 41-49.
Van-Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., and Lewis, B. A. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3583-3597.
Waghorn, G. C., Burke, J. L., and Kolver, E. S. 2007. Principles of feeding value. pp: 35-59. In: Rattray, P. V., Brookes, I. M., Nicol, A. M. (eds.) Pastures and supplements for grazing animals. Occasional Publication No. 14. New Zealand Society of Animal Production. Hamilton, New Zealand.
Yamada, M., Morishita, H., Urano, K., Shiozaki, N., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K., Shinozaki, K., and Yoshiba, Y. 2005. Effects of free proline accumulation in petunias under drought stress. Journal of Experimental Botany 56: 1975-1981.
Yazdani, F., Allahdadi, I., and Akbari, G. A. 2007. Impact of super absorbent polymer on yield and growth analysis of soybean (Glycine max L.) under drought stress. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10 (23): 4190-4196.
Yazdi Samadi, B., Rezaei, A., and Valyzadeh, M. 1997. Statistical designs in agricultural research. 5th edition. University of Tehran Press. 764 pp. (in Persian).
Ziaee, M., Kafi, M., Khazaei, H. R., Shabahang, J., and Soleimani, M. R. 2008. Effect of plant density and cutting frequency on forage and seed yield of kochia (Kochia scoparia L.) under irrigation with saline water. Journal of Iranian Field Crop Research. 6 (2): 342-335 (in Persian).
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 373 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 331 |
||